WPC0 a} ;L?"|j4MEm`_9riڲKժQCuޤHQb` X.HH!ikep-)XVӯTaV $;A%<xf&V@ʋK!?lJB25M$~,eWҵ ݮ7,^yd<*wvWx]ſj륝njѬ՘aW`f-gT^8qIUL,iQuRHٚ9TQ!4":hj˩^kD+ah TqMPR!/B"C23]EXI%0Q?J{S %=PA_gEhMǛ*DXDa&D"#s9̴ uWi˂8 b7lw4E4X` hp x (#>  P8page numberpage number         Z  )XXXXXX  _  I95x h   p @ HEddd_ !!_____      H4X` hp x (#XH    ____(Y2$ !XXXXXX  'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(Y2$ !XXXXXX  ($    (Y2$ !XXXXXX   C<< c ` "XXXXXX  _    !X             @    1  A         ($      !XXXXXX  _  KXXKK              1        ݀Forthepurposesofthesediscussions,thePresidentsAdvisoryCommitteewascomposedofitsregular  members(ProvostBoetsch(Chair),DeansPartlett,PeppersandWilliams,ProfessorsMurchison,Evans,Sessions,Keen,Pleva,Brown,andWestSettle),plusthenewlyelectedmemberswhowilljointheregularrosterinthefallof2003(ProfessorsBeckley,Goldsmith,andStrong),andthethreeassociatedeans(Millon,Oliver,andStewart).Throughoutthedocument,referencetotheCommitteeorshallbetakentomeanthisentiregroup.<6X9`("Courier NewTT(2=$ !XXXXXX    0  3|x \  `*Times New RomanTTC\  P6QP\  `*Times New RomanTTXXP\  P6QXP%2A`ArialTTomanTTXXX2PQXP<6X9`("Courier NewTTTTXXx6X@DQX@(>$XXXXXX\\WLU\Reg-LJ5M-UCtr.Printers.Administration.WLU,,,,0r. C -",acultyU '  )#XX#XXXX  _$I95x h   p @ HEddd !! !X   !!    H4X` hp x (#!H    ?+ 4 <DL!X?\  `*Times New RomanTT ` "#XX#XXXX  _    !X             @    1  A           !&XX&XXXX  _  &KXX&KK              1        ݀Forthepurposesofthesediscussions,thePresidentsAdvisoryCommitteewascomposedofitsregular  members(ProvostBoetsch(Chair),DeansPartlett,PeppersandWilliams,ProfessorsMurchison,Evans,Sessions,Keen,Pleva,Brown,andWestSettle),plusthenewlyelectedmemberswhowilljointheregularrosterinthefallof2003(ProfessorsBeckley,Goldsmith,andStrong),andthethreeassociatedeans(Millon,Oliver,andStewart).Throughoutthedocument,referencetotheCommitteeorshallbetakentomeanthisentiregroup.\  `*Times New RomanTT Z  )(XX(XXXX  _  )I95x h   p @ HEddd_ !!_____      H4X` hp x (#XH    ____\  `*Times New RomanTT ` "(XX(XXXX  _    !X             @    1  A           !+XX+XXXX  _  +KXX+KK              1        ݀Forthepurposesofthesediscussions,thePresidentsAdvisoryCommitteewascomposedofitsregular  members(ProvostBoetsch(Chair),DeansPartlett,PeppersandWilliams,ProfessorsMurchison,Evans,Sessions,Keen,Pleva,Brown,andWestSettle),plusthenewlyelectedmemberswhowilljointheregularrosterinthefallof2003(ProfessorsBeckley,Goldsmith,andStrong),andthethreeassociatedeans(Millon,Oliver,andStewart).Throughoutthedocument,referencetotheCommitteeorshallbetakentomeanthisentiregroup.\  `*Times New RomanTT d !XXXXXX  _  X_   ' _"      _March18,2003    aTo: 4  PresidentBurish t From: 4  ProvostBoetsch,Chair L  0 4  PresidentsAdvisoryCommittee         *  %   1     8 4!4! Re: 4  Asummaryofthediscussionsrelatedtocourseloadandcalendarissues  ` Thefollowingisachronologyofeventsanddecisionsthathaveledustothecurrentsituationregardingtheundergraduatecalendar,facultycourseloads,andcurriculumreform.    Thissummaryattemptstoillustratethefactorsthathavecontributedtothepresentcircumstance,andtoprovideguidanceforhowtoproceed.Intheacademicyear200001,theadministrationchargedafacultycommitteeledbyBarbaraBrowntoundertakeastudyoftwocalendarmodelsandtoaccumulatedataforafacultydiscussionanddecisiononcalendartotakeplaceinthespringof2001.    Onecalendarwasatwosemester,fourteenweekcalendarmodeledonourcurrentlawschoolcalendar,andtheotherwasthecurrent12126model.    ThecommitteecompleteditsworkinFebruaryof2001,andDeansPeppersandBoetschsubmitteditsreporttoPresidentElrodonbehalfofthecommittee.    PresidentElrodreceivedthereportandauthorizeditsreleasetothefullfacultyforitsconsiderationandforthepurposeofthediscussionthatwastoleadtoadecisioneithertorenewthecurrentcalendarortochangetoatwosemestercalendar.    Atthattime,healsoinformedthedeansthat,regardlessoftheoutcomeofthecalendarissue,    hewasauthorizingaonecoursereductionintheannualteachingloadforundergraduatefaculty.Hedidnotanticipatethatsignificantadditionalresourcescouldbemadeavailabletoimplementthereduction.Afterdiscussion,heacceptedtherecommendationofthedeansthatthereductiontakeplaceoveratwoorfouryearperiodduringwhichfacultywouldteach13coursesovertwoyears.Thecalendarreportandtheauthorizationofthereducedcourseloadreachedthefacultysimultaneouslyandbecamelinkedinevitablytothedeliberationsoverthecalendar.    Discussionofthecalendarreporttookplaceataregularlyscheduledfacultymeetingandataspecialfacultymeeting.Explicitinthediscussionwasthefactthatadecisiononthecalendarwouldpermitthefacultytoundertakethenowoverduereviewofgeneraleducationrequirementsaswellasexaminationofcurrentmajorrequirements.Thefacultywereaskedtovoteeitherfortheproposedtwosemestercalendarorforthecurrentcalendarwiththe '#& provisionthat,ifthecurrentcalendarwereapproved,anadhoccommitteewouldbechargedtostudytheweaknessesofthespringtermaspresentedinthecalendarcommitteesreport,andtomakerecommendationstotheadministrationbytheendofthe200102academicyearforimprovementoftheshortterm.    Thefacultyvotedbyanapproximatelytwotoonemargintoretainthe12126calendarandtheSpringtermRenewalCommitteewascreatedandchargedwithexaminingthespringterm.Forthe200102academicyear,ActingPresidentBoetschauthorized,andtheBoardapproved,anexpenditureof$200,000tobeusedin200203bytheCollegeandtheWilliamsSchoolforadjunctfacultyinorderthatthetransitiontoasixcourseloadcouldbegin.Healsorequestedthattheundergraduatedeansprovideguidelinestodepartmentheadsandfacultyregardingtheschedulingofcoursereductionsduringthe12weektermsonly.    Budgetprojectionsfortheperiodoftransitionweremadeforthefollowingfouryearswiththehopethattheadjunctfundsmightthenconverttoadditionaltenuretracklines,butnocommitmentwasmadetoguaranteethoselines.AttheFebruary,2002meetingoftheBoardofTrustees,DeanPeppersandActingDeanoftheCollegeSessionspresenteddatatothefullboardontheimpliedconsequencestothecurriculumbasedonthecalendarvoteandtheonecoursereduction.    Usingcomparativemodelsfrompeerschools,roughclassroomutilizationfigures,registrationandaverageclasssizenumbers,theirreportconcludedthat,inordertomaintainthebreadthoftheundergraduatecurriculum,averageclasssizes,andgraduationrequirementsatthecurrentlevel,theUniversityshouldconsidertheadditionofasignificantnumberofnewfacultylinesinordertocompensateforthe1/7reductioninthefacultyteachingload.     Itwasunderstood 4 thatthisnumbermightincludenewadjunctandpermanentlinesand/ortheconversionofcurrentadjunctlinestopermanent.    ThereportwaspresentedtotheBoardinordertoinformthemaboutthecourseofdiscussionthattheadministrationthoughtwasinevitablegiventhecalendarvoteandthecoursereduction.    TheBoardwasalsoinformedofthechargeoftheSpringTermRenewalCommitteeandthedeansmadeitclearthatnospecificrecommendationswouldbeforthcominguntilthatcommitteehadcompleteditswork.Inthespringof2002,theSpringTermRenewalcommitteesubmitteditsrecommendationstoActingPresidentBoetschwhodeclinedtorespondfortheadministrationatthattimeowingtothefactthatPresidentBurishwasscheduledtoassumeofficeonJuly1.Uponassumingofficeinthesummerof2002,PresidentBurishexaminedboththeCalendarCommitteereportandtheSpringTermRenewalrecommendations.    HewasalsobriefedonthedeanspresentationtotheBoard.    AttheseniorstaffretreatinearlyAugust,thePresidentexpressedreservationsaboutthefeasibilityofrequiringstudentstotaketwocoursesinthespringterm(asrecommendedbytheSpringTermRenewalCommittee),whilealsoreducingthefacultyteachingloadtosixcoursesperyear,avoidingmajorincreasesinfacultypositions,andsustainingthe12126calendar.    Moreover,heexpressedtheviewthatthecalendaraswellasothercriticaldecisionsshouldbediscussedwithinthecontextofstatedacademicpriorities.    ThePresidentaskedthestafftosuggestwaystoseekadditionaladviceonthematter.    SeveralmembersofthestaffrecommendedthatheasktheAdvisoryCommittee,chairedbytheProvost,tostudytheissueandtomakerecommendations. ,.|)- ЇIntheearlyfall,PresidentBurishpresentedtothefacultyasummaryoftheUniversityscurrentfinancialstatusandclarifiedwhatstepswouldbenecessarytoensureourcontinuedprogress.    Soonafter,hechargedthePresidentsAdvisoryCommittee(whosemembershipwasaugmentedwiththosewhowereelectedtoservenextyear,andthethreeassociate  t  deans) tostudytheseissuesandtoproposewaysthattheUniversitymighteffectivelydeal ` withthem.    ThePresidentschargetothecommitteeincludedthefollowingparameterswithinwhichtoframethediscussion:B.4 <DL!XB0  04!!  1. 4 Theteachingloadwillbenomorethan6coursesperyear. < 4!4! 0  04!!  2. 4 WeshouldseektoenhancecollaborationamongtheCollege,WilliamsSchool,and (  LawSchool. 4!4! 0  04!!  3. 4 Weshouldseektostrengtheninterdisciplinaryandinternationaleducation. 4!4! 0  04!!  4. 4 Thecurrentstudent/facultyratiowillbemaintained(assumeupto5additional   permanentfacultyhires). 4!4! 0  04!!  5. 4 Resourcereallocationisprobable,buttherewillbenosignificantinfusionofnew t resourcesfortheadditionoffaculty. 4!4! E+ 4 <DL!, XEDocumentationprovidedforthediscussionincludedtheCalendarCommitteereport,theSpringTermRenewalCommitteereport,asummaryofthedeanspresentationtotheBoardofTrusteesregardingtheconsequencesofareducedfacultyteachingload,andastatementofprinciplesregardingtheUniversityscommitmenttoliberalartseducationpreparedforthecommitteeinordertoserveasanorientationforproductivediscussion.B.4 <DL!XB0   !! E+ 4 <DL!, XEInadditiontothestatedparameters,theCommitteechosetoexaminethreecalendaralternativesintermsoftheabilityofeachtoenhance(ortendencytoimpede)thegoalsofaliberalartsmissionandthePresidentsparameters.Thegroupagreeduponthefeaturesthatcharacterizeaqualityliberaleducation,andnotedthatallaspectsofWashingtonandLee,includingitsLawSchoolandpreprofessionalprogramsaregroundedintheliberalarts.Committeemembersagreedthatnoactionshouldbetakeninrestructuringtheacademiccalendarifthoseactionswouldthreatenthemissionofprovidingaliberaleducationtoourstudents.Specifically,theCommitteeattendedtothegoalof    nurturinginourstudentsthecapacitytothinkfreely,critically,andhumanely,viauseofpedagogicalmodelsthatsupporteducationassustainedconversation,writingasthinking,viewingtheworldastext,andinterdisciplinarity.Threedifferentacademiccalendarmodelswereanalyzedbythecommitteeintermsofadherenceto,ordeviationfromtheprinciplesandparametersenumeratedabove:B.4 <DL!XB0  04!!  " 4 OptionI !thecurrentcalendarwitha6courseteachingload,andarequirementof *%) 40coursestograduate. 4!4! 0  04!!  " 4 OptionII !a2semestercalendarwitha6courseteachingload,andarequirement \,'+ of32(or36*)coursestograduate. 4!4! 0  04!!  " 4 OptionIII !a2semestercalendarwitha5courseteachingload,andarequirement 8.)- of32(or36*)coursestograduate. 4!4! E+ 4 <DL!, XE*TherewassomediscussionofthepossibilityofinstitutinganoptionalMayterm,and/orrequiringstudentstoenrollin9coursesperyeartopermitthecompletionofmorethan32coursesin4years.TheCommitteedeterminedthatallthreeofthecombinedcalendar/teachingload/courseloadoptionsitreviewedcouldexistwithoutviolatingmostoftheassignedparameters,buteachwouldbeaccompaniedbyauniquesetofcosts.    Asummaryofthatanalysisfollows:For OptionI .,maintainingthe12126calendar  8  B.4 <DL!XB0  04!!  " 4 Parameter2isviolatedthemismatchbetweenundergraduateandlawschedules (  providesadisincentiveforcollaborationamongthedivisionsoftheUniversity. 4!4! 0  04!!  " 4 Parameter5    ischallengedresourcesmustbespreadover3termsinsteadofonly2. 4!4! E+ ` <DL!, XE0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` XXXXo XXXXTheCommitteeacknowledgedthatsignificantstartupandclosedowncosts   accompanythethirdtermwecurrentlyrun.  ! ! 0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` XXXXo XXXXWhentheteachingloadshiftsfromitscurrent6.5coursesto6courses z annually,thedifficultieswefaceintermsofadequatelystaffingallthreetermswillincrease.  ! ! E+ 4 <DL!` XEItwassuggestedthatwemightmaintainthe12126calendar,butrequireonly32coursestograduate(insteadof40),sothatwemightstaffallthreetermsadequately,but:B.4 <DL!XB0  04!!  " 4 Studentsenrolledinfewerthan4coursesper12weektermcoulddiminishthe l learningenvironment,astheCommitteedidnotfeelconfidentthatthestudentsextrafreetimewouldbedevotedtoscholarlypursuits. 4!4! 0  04!!  " 4 Anumberoffederalprogramsmandatefulltimestatusforstudentparticipants(e.g. 0 financialaidrecipientsandinternationalstudents)asdomanyhealthinsuranceprograms,andourinabilitytoprovideafulltimeacademicprogramforallstudentsinalltermswouldputthosewhoareaffectedbycertainfederalorinsurancepoliciesatrisk. 4!4! E+ 4 <DL!, XEFor OptionII .,thetwosemestercalendarwitha6courseload     h  B.4 <DL!XB0  04!!  " 4 Parameter2issupported!thereisaclosematchwiththeLawSchool,creatingless X! ofanimpedimenttocollaborationbetweenmembersofthelawandundergraduatefaculty. 4!4! 0  04!!  " 4 Parameter5islesschallengedifthefacultyteachingloadis6coursesover2terms, $l" thenwewillbeabletoconcentrateteachingeffortin2terms(insteadof3)andhireaminimumnumberofadjunctfacultyannually. 4!4! 0  04!!  " 4 Parameter3ispartiallysupported!the2termcalendarprovidesmoreopportunities &0"% forourstudentstotakeadvantageofhighqualityinternationaleducationalopportunitiesduringtheregularsemesters. 4!4! 0  04!!  " 4 Parameter3ispartiallychallengedthismodelplacesinterdisciplinaryprogramsat )$( riskfortworeasons: 4!4! E+ ` <DL!, XE0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` XXXXo XXXX1.asthefacultyteachingloadisreducedto6coursesperyear,departments |+&* willbelessabletoreleasefacultyfromteachingobligationsinthemajorareas,leadingtofewerinterdisciplinaryofferings(thisistrueforOptionIwitha6courseloadaswell);andF.)- ! ! 0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` XXXXo XXXXԀ2.studentswillbetakingfewercoursesbeforegraduating,potentially  leavingthemwithfeweropportunitiestotakeelectivecoursesininterdisciplinaryareas(unlessmodificationstotheGenEdsystemandtomanymajorsaremade).  ! ! H.4 <DL!` XH0  04!!  " 4 A6courseloadspreadover28weeksofteachingrequiresthesamenumberof f contacthoursasa7courseloadwithourcurrentcalendar.SomemembersoftheCommitteeexpressedconcernthatthe6courseloadmaynotbeperceivedasatruereductionversusthestatusquo(especiallyconsideringthatweareactuallyemployinga6courseloadpresently!movingto6over28weeksisactuallyanincreaseinannualcontacthours).Othersnotedthatatwosemestermodelismuchmoreefficientthanathreetermmodel,andthatthisgreaterefficiencywouldofferfacultysometimesavings. 4!4! 0  04!!  " 4 Somecommitteemembersnotedthata33teachingloadwouldfailtoprovide   increasedopportunityforproductivescholarshipversusourcurrent331load. 4!4! 0  04!!  " 4 Asweseekastudentbodyofgreatersocioeconomicdiversity,itbenefitsmany   studentstobefinishedwithschoolinmidMay,sothattheymaycompeteearlierforsummerjobs. 4!4! 0   !! E+ 4 <DL!, XEFor OptionIII .,    thetwosemestercalendarwitha5courseload,theprosandconsaresimilar N toOptionII,withthefollowingadditionalnotes:B.4 <DL!XB0  04!!  " 4 AstheteachingloadisreducedWashingtonandLeestandstogainintermsof *z facultyproductivityandhiringcompetitiveness,whichwouldsupportandenhancetheacademicreputation. 4!4! 0  04!!  " 4 Parameters3and5aremorechallengedthanforOptionII>4!4! E+ ` <DL!, XE0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` XXXXo XXXXinterdisciplinarycourseswouldbecomemorescarce,unlessresourcesare * reallocatedtoprovideincreasedsupportforinterdisciplinaryprograms.  ! ! 0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` XXXXo XXXXthenumberofadjunctfacultyandthesizeofmanyclasseswouldincrease  (bothofwhichcouldthreatenanumberofthehallmarksofahighqualityliberaleducation!seeappendix).  ! ! E+ 4 <DL!` XEManymembersoftheCommitteeagreedthatwecannotsustainourcurrentcalendarnorcanwemakesignificantimprovementswithoutmanymoreresources!specificallyintermsofnumerousadditionalpermanentfaculty.ManymembersoftheCommitteeviewedOptionsIIandIIIastheviableoptions!recognizingthatOptionIImitigatesthestrainonourpersonnelresources,whileOptionIIIoffersW&Lthebestopportunityforenhancingitsacademicreputationbyprovidingmoretimeforfacultytoengageinscholarlyactivityduringtheschoolyearandbestaddressestheissueofcompetitivehiring.Whilerespectingthelimitssetbytheoriginal5parameters,severalmembersoftheCommitteesuggestedthatwewouldbebestservedbysettingagoalofcreatingasubstantialnumberofnewpermanentfacultylines,tyingthatgoaltothoseoftheUniversitysnextcapitalcampaign,andphasinginthosenewhiresoverthecomingyears.Inreviewingthemeansbywhichwemightsustainthecurriculumfollowingteachingloadreductionswithoutasignificantinfusionofadditionalresources,theCommitteethen B.)- discussedthefollowing:B.4 <DL!XB0  04!!  " 4 Theaverageclasssizewouldhavetoincrease,withintroductorylevelcoursesbeing  themostobviouschoiceforexpansion.NOTEhoweverthatthismodificationwillbeproblematicfortworeasons: 4!4! E+ ` <DL!, XE0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` XXXXo XXXXFreshmenarelikelytoexperienceadisproportionatenumberoftheselarge ` courses,whichmaybeundesirableastheyareadjustingtocollege.Somediscussantsproposedthatafreshmanseminarprogramcouldmitigatethisrisk.  ! ! 0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` XXXXo XXXXWehaverelativelyfew(approximately10)classroomsthatcanseat50or  f morestudents.  ! ! H.4 <DL!` XH0  04!!  " 4 Wewillbepressuredtohireadjunctfacultyandperhapsothertemporaryteaching  D  staff(e.g.postdoctoralassociates),and    whilesomemembersoftheCommitteepointedoutthatweareregularlyservedbyoutstandingadjunctfacultyinanumberofdepartments,othersexpressedconcernthatanumberofthepedagogicalgoalsthatsupportourliberalartsmission(e.g.educationassustainedconversation,orwritingasthinking;seeappendix)couldnotbewellservedwithlargenumbersofparttimeortemporaryteachingstaff. 4!4! 0  04!!  " 4 Ourvariedcurriculumisalsoatrisk,asfacultyparebacktheirofferingsandretain h thosecoursesthatmostcloselysupportthedisciplinarymajors. 4!4! E+ ` <DL!, XE0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` XXXXo XXXXThishasimplicationsforrecruitmentandretention,asfacultydesirethe @ opportunitytoteachavarietyofspecializedcourses.  ! ! 0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` XXXXo XXXXAsnotedabove,interdisciplinaryteachingwillalsobecomealuxury,and n thoseprogramswillbeplacedatrisk.  ! ! 0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` XXXXo XXXXMorestudentswillbeforcedtoregisterforcoursestheydonotwant,asthe L numberofofferingspertermisreduced.  ! ! E+ 4 <DL!` XEIndiscussingtheimplicationsofreducinggraduationrequirementsfromthecurrent40coursesto32,anumberofcommitteemembersexpressedconcernthatstudentswouldhavelessopportunitytoexplorethecurriculum,beyondsatisfyinggeneraleducationandmajorrequirements.Remediesproposedwere:?+ ` <DL!X?0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` " requiring9insteadof8coursesperyearforatotalof36tograduate,andv  ! ! 0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` " offeringaMaytermtogivestudentstheopportunitytotakeadditional b! courses.  ! ! 0 ` 0 ` !` ! ` " reducingtheproportionofgeneraleducationandmajorrequirements.:#! ! ! E+ 4 <DL!` XEHavingreachedpreliminaryconclusionsregardingtheavailableoptions,theCommitteeexaminedanextensivedatasetforeachmodelonthenumberofplacesavailabletostudentsatclassregistrationasafunctionoffacultyteachingload.    Thedatawerefocusedonthepotentialconsequencesforclasssize,numbersofsections,andfacultyrequiredtoteachthemforeachcalendaroption.    Asaresultofthisanalysis,itwascleartomostofthemembersofthecommitteethatthecurrent12126calendarcannotbeeffectivelysustainedwithintheparametersandconstraintsdefinedbythePresident.TheCommitteepreparedasummaryreportofitsdiscussionsanditsconclusionswhichwassubmittedtothePresident.    Afterreview,thePresidentmetwiththeCommitteetodiscusstheprosandconsaswellastheviabilityofeachofthecalendarmodels.    Asaresultofthat J.)- discussiontheCommitteeformallyvoted(1202,2absent)torecommendthattheundergraduateunitadoptatwotermcalendar.    ThePresidentthankedtheCommitteeandaskedthatthisreportbeprepareddescribingtheprocessthatledtotherecommendation.