CHANGES IN CATALOGUE INFORMATION

Caution: The course offerings and requirements of Washington
and Lee University are under examination and revision continually.
This catalogue is not a contract; it merely presents the offerings
and requirements in effect at the time of publication and in no way
guarantees that the offerings and requirements will not change. The
University specifically reserves the right to change requirements
for any major during any particular year.
Whenever changes in course offerings or requirements occur,
students will be notified by a posting outside the Office of the
University Registrar. The individual student assumes full
responsibility for compliance with all academic requirements.
Current course offerings may be obtained from the appropriate
department. Current major and degree requirements may be obtained
from the University Registrar, the Dean of the College, the Dean of
the School of Commerce, Economics, and Politics, or from the head
of the appropriate department.


GENERAL INFORMATION

This catalogue presents, subject to change, the courses that
can reasonably be expected to be offered during the 1995-96
academic year.
A course is the minimum amount of work in a given subject
for which credit is granted. Each course is indivisible and has a
separate number and separate grade for each term. A course extends
through a single term, but successive term courses may be so
connected that no credit for one of them is given until all are
completed. Such "linked" courses are indicated by the use of a
connecting hyphen (e.g. 101-102). The credits awarded for each
course are within parentheses after the course number. Thus
Philosophy 101(3) indicates a one-term course granting three
credits; French 111-112(8), a two-term, linked course granting
eight credits.
The term in which each course is offered and whether the
class has a laboratory meeting are cited below the description of
the course.
Some courses are given only in alternate years. In such
cases, the course listing is bracketed and accompanied by an
indication of the year in which it is to be given, if known.
The departmental listing of faculty is presented
alphabetically by rank with the department head listed first in the
appropriate rank.
Courses are numbered on the following basis:
100-199 - Introductory courses or course sequences
ordinarily taken by freshmen or sophomores.
200-299 - Intermediate courses or course sequences with or
without prerequisites ordinarily taken by sophomores or juniors.
300-399 - Advanced courses or course sequences, with
specified prerequisites (courses, class standing, or special
permission) ordinarily taken by juniors or seniors. Students may be
admitted to advanced courses (1) if they have met the prerequisite,
or (2) in exceptional cases, with the approval of the department
and the appropriate dean.
400-499 - Independent work (directed studies, directed
projects, tutorials, internships, seniors theses, and honors
theses).

Note: Courses with a H meet a General Education requirement. To
determine which General Education requirement a course satisfies,
see listing on Pages 74 and 75.

ACCOUNTING

PROFESSORS WHEELER, GREEN
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR KING
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OLIVER

MAJOR

A major in business administration and accounting leading
to a Bachelor of Science with Special Attainments in Commerce
requires 36 credits, as follows:
1. Management 203 (Economics 203), 205, 211, 217, 221, 375
2. 18 credits from among Accounting 211, 320, 321, 330,
340, 355, 360, 395, 396

See Business Administration and Accounting Group (Page 95).

Note: All candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Science with
Special Attainments in Commerce must take Accounting 201, 202, and
Economics 101, 102 as background work.

HONORS: An Honors Program in accounting is offered for
qualified students; see department head for details.

ACCOUNTING 100 (3) - Accounting for Non-majors.
Prerequisite: Freshman or sophomore standing or permission
of the instructor. May not be used to fulfill major requirements in
business administration or business administration and accounting.
This course will focus on information and skills necessary to
interpret companies' financial statements. The basic principles of
financial accounting are covered and are then applied to the
interpretation of a company's performance as revealed through its
financial statements. Textbooks, articles from the popular press,
and financial statements will be used. Oliver.
Spring

ACCOUNTING 201 (3) - Introduction to Financial Accounting
Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. The fundamental
principles of financial accounting. An introduction to the process
of accumulating, classifying, and presenting financial information.
Primary emphasis is given to understanding the financial statements
of a business enterprise. Staff.
Fall, Winter

ACCOUNTING 202 (3) - Introduction to Managerial Accounting
Prerequisite: Accounting 201. The preparation and
utilization of financial information for internal management
purposes. Special emphasis is given to cost determination, cost
control, and the development of information for planning and
decisions. Staff.
Winter, Spring
ACCOUNTING 211 (3) - Financial Statement Analysis
Prerequisites: Accounting 202 and permission of the
instructor. Each student will prepare a complete analysis of the
financial affairs of some corporation. After one week of class the
remainder of the term will be devoted to independent study and
writing the analysis. Staff.
Spring

ACCOUNTING 320 (3) - Intermediate Accounting I
Prerequisite: Accounting 202. A study of the principles of
financial accounting as applied to financial statement presentation
and the underlying treatment of cash, investments, receivables,
inventory, long-term assets, and intangible assets. Oliver.
Fall

ACCOUNTING 321 (3) - Intermediate Accounting II
Prerequisite: Accounting 320. Accounting for liabilities and
stockholders' equity. Other financial reporting issues: income
taxes, accounting changes and errors, revenue measurement, leases,
pensions, cash flows, financial statement disclosure, earnings per
share, and changing prices. Green.
Winter

ACCOUNTING 330 (3) - Cost Accounting
Prerequisite: Accounting 202. Selected topics from cost
accumulation, planning, reporting, control and decision-making. Use
of microcomputer spreadsheets is required. King.
Fall

ACCOUNTING 340 (3) - Advanced Accounting
Prerequisite: Accounting 321. Accounting for business
combinations and partnerships; segment and interim reporting;
foreign currency transactions and translation of foreign currency
financial statements; governmental and nonprofit accounting. Green.
Fall

ACCOUNTING 355 (3) - Taxation Accounting
Prerequisite: Accounting 201. An analysis of federal income
tax laws. Development of conceptual awareness of federal income tax
structure and tax planning. Emphasis is on developing a student's
ability to determine solutions to tax difficulties confronting
individuals. Wheeler.
Winter

ACCOUNTING 360 (3) - Auditing
Prerequisites: Accounting 321 and senior standing. A study
of auditing principles and their application to the examination of
financial statements. King.
Winter

[ACCOUNTING 395 (3) - Seminar in Accounting
Theory]
(Spring 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Accounting 321. The conceptual framework of
accounting; measurement, valuation, and realization of assets;
valuation and recognition of liabilities; ownership structure and
valuation of equity accounts; measurement of revenue and expense;
miscellaneous financial accounting topics. Green.

ACCOUNTING 396 (3) - Seminar in International
Accounting
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Accounting 321. The nature and growth of
multinational enterprises; international financial reporting
differences and their causes; foreign currency transactions and
translation of foreign currency financial statements; accounting
consequences of differing inflation rates among countries;
international accounting standards. Green.
Spring

ACCOUNTING 401 (1), 403 (3), 406 (6) - Directed Individual
Study
Prerequisites: 12 credits in accounting courses numbered
above 202, either a cumulative grade-point average of 3. 0 or of 3.
0 in all accounting courses, and permission of the instructor. The
objective is to permit students to follow a course of directed
study in some field of accounting not presented in other courses,
or to emphasize a particular field of interest. May be repeated for
degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Fall, Winter, Spring

ACCOUNTING 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Fall-Winter

____________________________________________________


ANTHROPOLOGY
(See Sociology and Anthropology)

__________________________________________________ -
ART

PROFESSORS SIMPSON, STENE
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OLSON-JANJIC
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS BENT, O'MARA

MAJOR

A major in art leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires
completion of at least 37 credits in art, as follows:
1. Art 100, 121, 431, and either 473 or 493
2. At least 27 credits distributed in one of the following
ways:
a. 18 credits of studio art including either 122
or 131, and nine credits of art history
b. 21 credits of art history including at least three
credits from each of the following groups, and six credits of
studio art including either 122 or 131
1. Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance, and
Baroque art
2. East Asian art
3. American, and 19th- and 20th-Century
European art

All art history courses require the permission of the
department.

All studio courses require the permission of the instructor.

HONORS: An Honors Program in art is offered for qualified
students; see department head for details.

*ART 100 (3) - Introduction to Art
A survey of Western art in which characteristics of the
various styles will be studied through formal analysis and
contextual art history. Slide lectures. Staff.
Fall

*ART 121 (3) - Drawing I
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A studio course.
Development of skills and visual awareness through the study of the
basic elements of drawing. Variety of media including pencil,
charcoal, ink and crayon. Olson-Janjic, Stene.
Fall, Winter

*ART 122 (3) - Drawing II
Prerequisites: Art 121 and permission of the instructor. A
studio course. Continuation of Art 121. Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter

*ART 131 (3) - Design
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A studio
foundation course. Emphasis is on discussion of principles and
elements of design common to all the visual arts. Discussion is
followed by practice in studio problems. Lab fee required. Stene.
Fall, Winter
*ART 140 (3) - Asian Art
An introduction to the study of architecture, sculpture,
painting, prints, and decorative arts of India, China, Korea, and
Japan. Slide lectures. O'Mara.
Fall

*[ART 200 (Classics 200) (3) - Ancient Art]
(Winter 1997 and alternate years)
A survey of art and architecture in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and
the pre-Classical Aegean world as well as an introduction to Greek
and Roman painting, sculpture, and architecture. Bent.

*ART 202 (3) - 19th-Century European Art
Prerequisite: Art 100 or permission of the instructor.
Sculpture and painting from the French Revolution to 1900. Slide
lectures. O'Mara.
Fall

*ART 203 (3) - 20th-Century European Art
Sculpture and painting in Europe from 1900 to 1950. Slide
lectures. Simpson.
Fall

*[ART 205 (3) - Early Christian and Byzantine Art] (Winter
1997 and alternate years)
Survey of the art of the Eastern Mediterranean, beginning
with the Christianized Roman Empire from circa 300 to circa 500.
Attention then shifts to the establishment of the Byzantine Empire
in Constantinople, with an emphasis on the innovations of the Age
of Justinian, the era of Iconoclasm, the Macedonian Renascence, and
the Comnenian and Paleologian periods. Slide lectures. Bent.

*ART 206 (3) - Medieval Art
(Alternate years)
Survey of the art of Western Europe from circa 700 to circa
1400, examined within the context of the varying political,
intellectual, and cultural movements of the Middle Ages. Topics of
discussion include Carolingian and Ottonian painting and
architecture, Celtic and Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, and French
cathedral design and decoration during the Romanesque and Gothic
periods. Slide lectures. Bent.
Winter

*ART 217 (3) - Painting I
Prerequisites: Art 121 and permission of the instructor. A
studio course. Emphasis on color, design and spatial relationships.
Work from observation and imagination. Oil and acrylic.
Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter

*ART 218 (3) - Painting II
Prerequisites: Art 217 and permission of the instructor. A
studio course. Continuation of Art 217. Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter
Spring 1997 and alternate years

*ART 221 (3) - Figure Drawing I
Prerequisites: Art 121 and permission of the instructor. A
studio course. Drawing from the human figure using a variety of
media. Olson-Janjic.
Spring 1996 and alternate years
Winter 1997 and alternate years
*ART 222 (3) - Figure Drawing II
Prerequisites: Art 221 and permission of the instructor. A
studio course. Continuation of Art 221 with emphasis on the use of
the human figure as a compositional element. Olson-Janjic.
Spring 1996 and alternate years
Winter 1997 and alternate years

*ART 231 (3) - Sculpture I
Prerequisites: Art 131 and permission of the instructor. A
studio course. An introduction to sculpture techniques, tools and
materials. Studio problems will develop skills in working with
wood, stone, clay, and metal. Lab fee required. Stene.
Fall, Winter

*ART 232 (3) - Sculpture II
Prerequisites: Art 231 and permission of the instructor. A
studio sculpture course. Studio problems will concentrate on one
medium, e.g. stone, wood, clay, or metal. Contemporary concerns in
sculpture will be explored through readings and presentations by
students. Lab fee required. Stene.
Fall, Winter

*ART 240 (3) - Arts of China
(Alternate years)
A survey of traditional Chinese art from its beginnings
through the Qing dynasty. Includes architecture, sculpture,
bronzes, and ceramics as well as painting. Slide lectures. O'Mara.
Fall

*[ART 241 (3) - Arts of Japan]
(Fall 1996 and alternate years)
A survey of Japanese art from its beginnings through the Edo
period. Includes architecture, gardens, sculpture, prints,
ceramics, and other decorative arts as well as painting. Slide
lectures. O'Mara.

*[ART 250 (3) - Northern Renaissance Art]
(Fall 1996 and alternate years)
A survey of Northern painting from 1300 to 1600, examined
as symbols of political, religious, and social concerns of
"Renaissance" artists, patrons, and viewers. Among the artists
covered are Campin, van Eyck, van der Weyden, Durer, Holbein, and
Brueghel. Emphasis placed on interpretation of meaning and visual
analysis. Slide lectures. Bent.

*ART 251 (3) - Italian Renaissance Art
Survey of the art and architecture of Italy during the 15th
and 16th centuries. The course focuses on innovations of the Early,
High, and Late Renaissance through the work of Brunelleschi,
Donatello, Alberti, Leonardo, Bramante, Titian, Raphael,
Michelangelo, and others. Images are considered as exponents of
contemporary political, social, and religious events and
perceptions. Slide lectures. Bent.
Winter

*ART 252 (3) - Baroque and Rococo Art
(Alternate years)
A survey of the art and architecture of Europe during the
17th and 18th centuries. The course focuses on the stylistic and
ideological issues shaping western art during the age of Rembrandt
and Tiepolo. This course considers the stylistic innovations
apparent in the works of Caravaggio, Bernini, Rubens, Velasquez,
Poussin, Watteau, and Boucher, as well as the function of - and
interest in - artistic production within the context of 17th and
18th century society. Slide lectures. Bent.
Winter

*[ART 261 (3) - History of Photography]
(Not offered in 1995-96)
An introduction to the technical, aesthetic, and social
history of photography in the 19th and 20th centuries. Slide
lectures. Staff.

*ART 285 (3) - Art of the Cities of Northern
Italy, 1250-1550
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The art and
culture of the cities of the North during the Renaissance. Visits
to the important churches, museums, galleries, palaces, villas,
public buildings, and plazas of Milan, Como, Parma, Verona,
Vicenza, Padua, Venice, Ferrara, Mantua, Florence, Siena, Cortona,
Arezzo, Perugia, Assisi, and Rome. Readings, reports, and a term
paper are required. Pellicciaro.
Spring

*[ART 287 (Classics 287) (6 or 3-3) - Supervised
Study Abroad: Athens]
(Not offered in 1995-96)
Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Classics, art
history, and/or studio in Greece. The credits may be distributed in
any way between art and classics, or three credits may be earned in
an approved independent study course in any department including
classics. Application must be made before November 15 and deposit
before December 5. Staff.

*ART 295 (3) - Topics in Printmaking
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor and either Art
121 or 131. A studio course. Lab fee required. In various years
emphasis will be given to lithography, relief, silkscreen or
etching. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if
the topics are different. Stene.
Spring

*ART 301 (3) - American Architecture
Building in the United States from Colonial times to the
present. Slide lectures and individual research projects. Simpson.
Winter

*[ART 302 (3) - The Art and Architecture of England]
(Fall 1996 and alternate years)
The painting, sculpture and architecture of England from the
medieval period to the 20th century. Slide lectures. Simpson.

*ART 306 (3) - American Art to 1900
(Alternate years)
Sculpture and painting in the United States from Colonial
times to the 20th century. Slide lectures. Simpson.
Fall

*ART 307 (3) - 20th Century American Art
Sculpture and painting in the United States from 1900 to the
present. Slide lectures. Simpson.
Winter

*ART 317 (3) - Painting III
Prerequisites: Art 218 and permission of the instructor. A
studio course. For studio art majors. Continuation of the formal
structure of painting with emphasis on developing the expression
and style of the individual student. Expand awareness of
contemporary concerns in art. Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter
Spring 1997 and alternate years

*ART 318 (3) - Painting IV
Prerequisites: Art 317 and permission of the instructor. A
studio course. Continuation of Art 317. Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter
Spring 1997 and alternate years

*ART 320 (3) - Painting V
Prerequisites: Art 318 and permission of the instructor. A
studio course. A continuation of Art 318. Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter
Spring 1997 and alternate years

*ART 321 (3) - Painting VI
Prerequisites: Art 320 and permission of the instructor. A
studio course. A continuation of Art 320. Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter
Spring 1997 and alternate years

*ART 330 (3) - Medieval Art in Italy
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Art 100 or permission of the instructor.
Art and architecture of the Italian peninsula, from circa 1000 to
1400. This colloquium addresses issues of patronage, artistic
training and methods of production, iconography, and the function
of religious and secular imagery. Topics of discussion include the
construction of the Florentine Baptistery, the Leaning Tower of
Pisa, and the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena; sculpture in Verona, Pisa,
and Rome; and painting in Assisi, Padua, and Florence. Slide
presentations. Bent.
Fall

*ART 331 (3) - Sculpture III
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Art 131 and permission of the instructor,
with Art 221 highly recommended. A studio course. Problems are
designed to develop an awareness of form relationships in the human
figure and to gain an understanding of how they relate to design
principles and elements. Lab fee required. Stene.
Winter
*[ART 332 (3) - Sculpture IV]
(Winter 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Art 232 and permission of the instructor. A
studio course. A continuation of Art 232 with emphasis on in-depth
studio problems. Further readings and presentations in contemporary
sculpture. Lab fee required. Stene.

*[ART 340 (3) - The History of Chinese Painting]
(Winter 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Art 140 or permission of the instructor. The
history of Chinese pictorial expression from its pre-painting
beginnings through the painting of the modern period. Slide
lectures. O'Mara.

*[ART 341 (3) - The History of Japanese Painting]
(Not offered in 1995-96 )
Japanese painting from its beginnings through the Edo
period. Slide lectures. O'Mara.

*ART 380 (3) - Seminar in Art History
Prerequisites: Three credits in art history and permission
of the instructor. Research in selected topics in art history with
written and oral reports. May be repeated for degree credit with
permission and if the topics are different. Staff.
Spring

*ART 390 (3) - Seminar in East Asian Art
Prerequisites: Art 140 or permission of the instructor.
Selected topics in East Asian art. Includes guided research,
reports, term paper, and possible visit to the Freer and Sackler
Galleries in Washington, D.C. May be repeated for degree credit
with permission and if the topics are different. O'Mara.
Spring

ART 403 (3) - Directed Individual Study
Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Individual or
class study of special topics in art history. May be repeated for
degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

ART 423 (3) - Directed Studio Projects
Prerequisites for projects in sculpture: Art 331, 332 and
permission of the instructor. Stene. Prerequisites for projects in
painting: Art 320, 321 and permission of the instructor.
Olson-Janjic. Guided studio work for the art major. May be repeated
for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Stene, Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter, Spring

ART 431 (1) - Senior Thesis Tutorial
An exploration of methodology, bibliography, criticism, and
contemporary issues as preparation for the senior thesis project.
Required of all majors. Art and library faculty.
Fall

ART 456 (6) - Museum Internship I
Prerequisites: 3.0 grade-point average and recommendation
of the department head. An introductory training program in a
museum. Application must be made before February 1. Staff.
Spring
ART 466 (6) - Museum Internship II
A continuation of Art 456. Staff.
Spring

ART 473 (3) - Senior Thesis
Prerequisite: Art 431. An art history thesis or a
presentation of creative work. A thesis abstract or a portfolio
with a written statement of objectives must be presented to the
department for consideration by September 30. Staff.
Winter

ART 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and senior standing. An art
history thesis or a studio project. Application for the honors
candidacy must be made by May 1 of the junior year. A thesis
abstract or portfolio with a written statement of the objective
must be presented at this time. A 3.3 cumulative grade-point
average is required. The culmination is an oral defense of the
thesis project. Staff.
Fall-Winter

__________________________________________________


ASTRONOMY
(See Physics)

________________________________________________ -
BIOLOGY

PROFESSORS HURD, NYE, WIELGUS
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR KNOX
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS RUSSELL, SIMURDA

MAJOR

The department offers a Bachelor of Arts major, a Bachelor
of Science major and a major concentration within the
Interdepartmental Major in the Natural Sciences and Mathematics.
Students contemplating any of these should, during the first term
of their freshman year, register for Mathematics 101 and a
laboratory science course in the biology or chemistry departments.
Proficiency in English is as important in science as in any other
field and is required by many professional and graduate schools.

B.A. Major. The biology major leading to a Bachelor of Arts
degree consists of 41 credits as follows:
1. Biology 110, 172, 182, Chemistry 111
2. Biology 170 or 171; Biology 173 or 174; Biology 310 or
316 or Chemistry 112
3. At least 11 credits chosen from the following and not
used to satisfy the above requirements, including one from each
category and two laboratory courses (indicated by *):
a. Cell and Molecular Biology - Biology 310*, 312*,
316*, 318, 396
b. Organismal Biology - Biology 204*, 205, 210,
213*, 314*
c. Population Biology - Biology 207, 214*; either
212* or 216* but not both.
4. Six credits in mathematics which may include
Economics/Management 201

B.S. Major. The biology major leading to a Bachelor of
Science degree consists of 50 credits in mathematics and science,
with at least 30 credits in biology as follows:
1. Biology 110, 170 or 171, 172, 174, 182; Chemistry 242;
Mathematics 102; and Physics 109
2. One seminar chosen from Biology 280, 281, 282, 284,
285, and 286
3. At least 12 credits chosen from Biology 204, 205, 207,
210, 213, 214, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 396, 422-426, 442, and
492-496. Either Biology 212 or 216 may also be used but not both.
4. Biology 182 should be completed in the freshman year
but must be completed by the end of the sophomore year for
prospective biology majors.

Additional courses required as prerequisites for completion
of the above include Chemistry 111, 112, and 241, Mathematics 101,
and Physics 108.
Courses in statistics and computer programming are strongly
recommended to all students preparing for graduate or professional
school.

The Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science program in
forestry and environmental studies. The 3-2 plan in forestry and
environmental studies includes 16 credits in biology, eight credits
in chemistry, four credits in computer science, six credits in
economics, nine credits in mathematics, and eight credits in
physics. See Page 80 for more information.
The Marine Science Education Consortium with the Duke
University Marine Laboratory. This program makes it possible for
W&L biology majors to spend one fall term at the Duke University
Marine Laboratory in Beaufort, N.C. Usually this term is during the
junior or senior year. All credits successfully completed will
apply toward the major in biology and the degree from Washington
and Lee. See Page 88 for more information.

HONORS: An Honors Program in biology is offered for
qualified students; see department head for details.

*BIOLOGY 100 (4) - Introduction to Biology
Prerequisite: Departmental permission. Limited enrollment.
An introduction to the basic concepts of biology, beginning with
the origin of life and proceeding through molecules and cells to
the organism and ecosystem with emphasis on the biology of humans.
Open only to non-biology majors. Credit may not apply toward the
biology major or the interdepartmental major in the natural
sciences and mathematics. Laboratory course. Nye.
Spring

*BIOLOGY 110 (4) - General Biology
Prerequisite: Departmental permission. A course in
biological principles as they apply to both plants and animals.
Emphasis is placed on the origin of life, bioenergetics, cellular
and system evolution, reproductive strategies, development and
genetics. Appropriate for prospective science majors. Laboratory
course. Nye and staff.
Fall

*BIOLOGY 170 (4) - Survey of the Plant Kingdom
Prerequisites: Biology 110 and departmental permission.
Limited enrollment. A survey of the plant kingdom. Emphasis is on
phylogenetic relationships and evolution of the various groups
comprising the plant kingdom. In addition to lectures and
laboratories, short field trips are taken to various local areas.
Laboratory course. Nye.
Winter

*BIOLOGY 171 (4) - General Botany
Prerequisites: Biology 110 and departmental permission.
Lectures explore the practice of plant systematics, mechanisms of
plant evolution, some aspects of plant genetics including plant
genetic engineering, the role of hormones in the control of plant
development, C-4 and CAM photosynthesis, conservation botany, and
a review of selected research papers. Lab includes a term research
project, plus three field trips intended as a brief introduction to
the local flora. Laboratory course. Knox.
Winter

*BIOLOGY 172 (4) - General Zoology
Prerequisites: Biology 110 and departmental permission. A
survey of the animal kingdom emphasizing the evolution of the
animal phyla and how animals function, reproduce and interact with
their environment. Laboratory course. Hurd.
Winter

BIOLOGY 173 (3) - Lectures in Genetics
Prerequisites: Biology 110 and departmental permission. This
is the lecture component of Biology 174. It may not be used to meet
the biology major requirements leading to a Bachelor of Science
degree. Russell.
Fall

BIOLOGY 174 (4) - Genetics
Prerequisites: Biology 110 and departmental permission.
Limited enrollment. A study of the three main branches of modern
genetics: 1) Mendelian genetics, the study of the transmission of
traits from one generation to the next; 2) molecular genetics, a
study of the chemical structure of genes and how they operate at
the molecular level; and 3) population genetics, the study of the
variation of genes between and within populations. Laboratory
course. Russell.
Fall, Winter

BIOLOGY 182 (1) - Use and Understanding of
Biological Literature
Prerequisite: Biology 110. An introduction to the
in-formation resources in the biological sciences as well as the
aims and format of writing in the sciences. Basic computer skills
are taught. Biology 182 must be completed by the end of the
sophomore year by prospective biology majors. Biology Staff and
Library Staff.
Fall

[BIOLOGY 204 (4) - Developmental Biology]
(Fall 1996 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Biology 110 and departmental permission.
Limited enrollment. A survey of the developmental process from
gametogenesis to senescence with emphasis on molecular development.
Laboratory work includes the descriptive embryology of the frog,
chick, pig and selected invertebrates. Laboratory course. Wielgus.

BIOLOGY 205 (3) - Vertebrate Endocrinology
Prerequisites: Biology 110 and departmental permission. A
study of the chemoregulatory mechanisms of the vertebrates;
emphasis is on biochemical and cellular as well as physiological
aspects of hormone action. Wielgus.
Spring

BIOLOGY 207 (3) - Evolution
Prerequisites: One course chosen from Biology 170, 171, 172,
173 or 174 and departmental permission. The history of evolutionary
thought, evidences for evolution, the mechanisms of evolution, and
the evolution of man. Knox.
Fall

*BIOLOGY 210 (3) - The Biology of Animal Parasites
Prerequisite: Biology 100 or 110. A survey of the phenomenon
of animal parasitism including discussion of the chief
distinguishing structures, life cycles, and functions of the major
parasites infecting humans and other animals. Simurda.
Spring

*BIOLOGY 212 (6) - Field Botany
Prerequisites: Biology 110 and permission of the instructor.
Departmental permission is also required as enrollment is limited.
A study of the diversity, classification, and distribution, of
American vascular plants. Through extensive field work the student
learns to use technical floristic works to identify plants. A field
trip is taken to tropical forests in Central America. No other
course may be taken concurrently. No more than five credits may be
counted toward the major in biology. Laboratory course. Either
Biology 212 or 216 may be used to satisfy major requirements but
not both Knox.
Spring
BIOLOGY 213 (4) - Anatomy and Physiology
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Biology 110 and permission of the instructor.
Limited enrollment. An introduction to the structure, function and
homeostasis of the major organ systems of humans. Laboratory
exercises include basic histology, dissection of the cat with
comparisons to human anatomy, and physiology of the cardiovascular,
respiratory, and urinary systems. Wielgus.
Fall

BIOLOGY 214 (4) - General Ecology
Prerequisites: Biology 110 and departmental permission.
Limited enrollment. An introduction to the study of interactions
between organisms and their environments. Topics are arranged
hierarchically: a) evolution and elementary population genetics; b)
population dynamics and regulation; c) interspecific competition,
predation, parasitism and symbiosis; d) community structure, energy
and material flux in ecosystems. Emphasis is on ecology as a
scientific process rather than merely a collection of information
about natural systems. Laboratory course. Hurd.
Fall

BIOLOGY 216 (6) - Field Trip to the
Galapagos Islands
Prerequisites: Biology 172 and either 170 or 171 and
departmental permission. Organized field trip to the Galapagos
Islands and Ecuador. The program includes an inter-island cruise,
the ascent of a volcano, research in the intertidal environment,
and a visit to a tropical rain forest in mainland Ecuador. Details
of the program will be announced by the department. No more than
five credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Either
Biology 212 or 216 may be used to satisfy major requirements but
not both. Hurd.
Spring

______________ -


SELECTED SEMINARS IN BIOLOGY - The following courses, Biology
280-286, are one-credit in-depth studies of restricted topics
within the broad areas indicated under each number. One such
seminar is required of each B.S. biology major and no more than two
may be counted toward the 30 credits in biology required of biology
majors. They involve individual literature search, discussions, and
the preparation of a review type paper. All have the prerequisites
of Biology 110, 182, junior standing, and permission of the
instructor. Enrollment is strictly limited. May be repeated for
degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.

BIOLOGY 280 (1) - Genetics, Molecular Genetics
or Virology
Russell.
Fall

BIOLOGY 281 (1) - Current Research in
Evolutionary Biology
Knox.
Fall

BIOLOGY 282 (1) - The History of Medicine
Nye.
Winter
BIOLOGY 284 (1) - Topics in Ecology
Hurd.
Winter

BIOLOGY 285 (1) - Cancer: Science and Society
Wielgus.
Fall

BIOLOGY 286 (1) - Microbiology or Immunology
Simurda.
Winter

______________ -


BIOLOGY 310 (4) - Microbiology
Prerequisites: Biology 173 or 174 or Chemistry 244 and
departmental permission. A broadly-based course in the study of
micro-organisms: the living cells and how they work, microbial
diversity, and the effects of microbes in the world, in society and
in the bodies of animals and plants. It concerns the central role
of microbiology as a basic biological science that enhances our
understanding of the biology of higher organisms. Simurda.
Winter

[BIOLOGY 312 (4) - Molecular Genetics]
(Spring 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Biology 173 or 174 or Chemistry 244 and
instructor permission. This course reviews the molecular structures
and mechanisms underlying the utilization of genetic information by
complex organisms. The information covered includes an overview of
the molecular basis of heredity and a scan of recombinant DNA
technology, however emphasis is placed on study of the molecular
anatomy, expression and regulation of genes. The laboratory
provides an opportunity for hands-on experience with several
recombinant DNA techniques. Russell.

[BIOLOGY 314 (4) - Animal Physiology]
(Not offered in 1995-96)
Prerequisites: Biology 172 and departmental permission.
Limited enrollment. A comparative study of functional processes of
animals, primarily vertebrates, and their environmental
interactions. Laboratory emphasis is on functional adaptations and
the use of physiological instrumentation in measuring functional
processes. Laboratory course. Staff.

BIOLOGY 316 (4) - Cell and Molecular Biology
Prerequisites: Biology 110 and departmental permission.
Limited enrollment. A study of the molecular basis of cell
structure and function. The laboratory emphasizes techniques for
use in current biochemical research. Laboratory course. Wielgus.
Winter

BIOLOGY 318 (4) - Immunology
Prerequisites: Biology 173 or 174 or Chemistry 244, senior
standing, and departmental permission. Limited enrollment. A study
of the structural and functional aspects of the immune system from
the perspective of cellular and developmental biology; the
biochemical and structural properties of antibodies; and the
possible origins of their diversity and immunopathology. Simurda.
Fall

BIOLOGY 396 (3) - Selected Topics in Virology
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Biology 173 or 174 and departmental
permission. An introduction to the genetics, biochemistry,
structure and pathology of animal viruses. Topics may include RNA
viruses, DNA viruses, tumor-inducing viruses, or retroviruses,
among others. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and
if the topics are different. Russell.
Spring

BIOLOGY 422 (2), 423 (3), 424 (4), 425 (5), 426 (6) -
Directed Individual Research
Prerequisites: One course selected from Biology 170, 171,
172, 173 or 174, and permission of the instructor. Each student,
with the guidance of a faculty member, plans the research, does the
requisite literature search, carries out the experimental
procedures, and writes a report in scientific journal format. No
more than four credits may be counted toward the 30 credits in
biology required of biology majors. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

BIOLOGY 442 (2) - Honors Thesis Proposal
Prerequisite: Honors candidacy. Writing a proposal for
honors thesis research, including a clear statement of the problem
being studied, a literature review, and a feasible, detailed plan
for the research. This must be taken no later than the winter term
of the junior year. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

BIOLOGY 492 (2), 493 (3), 494 (4), 495 (5), 496 (6) -
Honors Thesis
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and Biology 442. Laboratory
and/or field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six
credits is required with no more than four credits allowed toward
the 30 credits in biology required of biology majors. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

__________________________________________________
CHEMISTRY

Bayly Foundation

PROFESSORS PLEVA, GOEHRING
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS ALTY, DESJARDINS
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS FRANCE, UFFELMAN

MAJOR

Students planning to major in chemistry may enroll in any
of four programs offered by the department.

B.A. Major. The requirements are completion of Chemistry
206, 207, 241, 242, 243, and 261; Physics 108 and 109; and nine
credits chosen from biology, chemistry (above 200), geology, or
physics (above 150). Mathematics 101 and 102, are prerequisites for
Chemistry 261.

B.S. Major. The requirements are completion of 32 credits
in chemistry courses numbered above 200, including Chemistry 206,
207, 210, 241, 242, 243, 261, 262, and 311; and 345, 350 or 365.
Physics 108 and 109 and Mathematics 221 are prerequisites for
Chemistry 262. (Mathematics 222 is recommended.) The program must
include any additional credits in the sciences or mathematics to
total 50 credits in sciences and mathematics.

B.S. with Special Attainments in Chemistry. The requirements
of this specialized degree, which is certified by the American
Chemical Society, are:
Chemistry 111, 112, 206, 207, 210, 241, 242, 244, 261, 262,
266, 267, 311, 312, 350, 351 and 471; and 345 or 365 (chemistry
courses must be completed with a grade-point average of 2.00);
Mathematics 221, 222 (332 is recommended); Physics 108 and 109.
(Additional advanced courses are recommended.)
Electives must include six credits in English, and German
261, 262 or Russian 261, 262 are highly recommended in preparation
for graduate school.

B.S. Major in Chemistry-Engineering. The requirements for
this program, which is designed for students interested in the
field of chemical engineering, are described under Engineering.

HONORS: An Honors Program in chemistry is offered for
qualified students; see department head for details.

*CHEMISTRY 100 (4) - Modern Descriptive
Chemistry
Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Enrollment
limited. An elementary study of the structure and reactions of
molecules. Laboratory work illustrates some fundamental procedures
in chemistry. Designed for non-science students fulfilling general
education requirements or desiring a science elective. No credit
given for this course if a 200-level chemistry course has been
successfully completed. Laboratory course. Desjardins.
Fall

*CHEMISTRY 104 (Physics 104) (3) - The Conceptual
Foundations of Quantum Theory
An introduction to what is currently the fundamental theory
of nature. Quantum behavior is considered in the context of
classical (Newtonian) notions of waves and particles and is applied
to atomic, molecular, and nuclear systems. The practical and
philosophical implications of quantum theory are considered in
detail. No mathematics beyond high school algebra is assumed.
Desjardins, Williams.
Winter

*CHEMISTRY 105 (3) - Foundations of Chemistry
An historical review of the development of chemistry, with
emphasis on the applications of chemistry during its development.
Designed particularly for non-science students fulfilling general
education requirements or desiring a science elective. (May not be
used for credit in the interdepartmental major in the natural
sciences and mathematics.) Staff.
Spring

*CHEMISTRY 106 (3) - Disorder and Chaos
An elementary introduction to the concepts underlying
non-linear dynamics and statistical thermodynamics. Emphasis is
placed on examining physical and social systems using both
deterministic (dynamic) and statistical (Monte Carlo) approaches.
Practical implementation of these methodologies is achieved through
the use of computer modelling and simulation. Topics include
computer simulation methods, deterministic chaos and fractal
geometry, and information theory. No previous computer experience
is required. Desjardins and Pleva.
Spring

*CHEMISTRY 111 (4) - General Chemistry
The fundamental principles of general chemistry, with
emphasis on atomic and molecular structure, phases of matter, and
energy relations. Laboratory work includes qualitative inorganic
analysis. No previous knowledge of chemistry is required, though it
is advantageous. Laboratory course. Goehring, Uffelman, Fuller.
Fall

*CHEMISTRY 112 (4) - Aqueous Inorganic
Quantitative Chemistry
Prerequisite: Chemistry 111. A continuation of Chemistry
111, with emphasis on inorganic systems exhibiting aqueous solution
equilibria. Topics covered include acid/base, redox, complexation,
and precipitation reactions, along with solution kinetics.
Laboratory work emphasizes techniques of chemical quantitative
analysis and data handling. Designed for students planning to
continue with more advanced science courses. Laboratory course.
Goehring, Pleva, Fuller.
Winter

[CHEMISTRY 201 (2) - Analytical Chemistry I]
(Not offered in 1995-96)
Corequisite: Chemistry 122. Introduction to techniques of
chemical analysis; the course includes data handling, gravimetric
analysis, and acid-base volumetric analysis. Laboratory course.
Pleva.

[CHEMISTRY 202 (2) - Analytical Chemistry II]
(Not offered in 1995-96)
Prerequisite: Chemistry 201 with C grade or better.
Continuation of Chemistry 201 with emphasis on methods in redox,
complexometric, and precipitation volumetric analysis and with an
introduction to instrumental methods of analysis. Laboratory
course. Pleva.

CHEMISTRY 205 (1) - Literature of Chemistry
Prerequisite: Chemistry 112. Systematic training in the use
of the chemical library. Staff.
Spring

CHEMISTRY 206 (2) - Survey of the Periodic Table
Prerequisite: Chemistry 111. Corequisite: Chemistry 112 or
permission of the instructor. A descriptive survey of the groups of
the Periodic Table, and the application of principles of chemistry
to descriptive inorganic chemistry. Uffelman.
Winter

CHEMISTRY 207 (2) - Synthesis of Inorganic
Complexes
Prerequisite: Chemistry 206. This course continues the
discussion of transition metal chemistry begun in Chemistry 206,
and introduces inorganic synthetic techniques involving main group
polymer chemistry, inorganic stereochemistry, and bio-inorganic
synthesis. Laboratory course. Uffelman.
Spring

CHEMISTRY 210 (2) - The Structure and
Reactivity of Molecules
Prerequisites: Chemistry 112 and Mathematics 102. An
introduction to the basic physical principles underlying molecular
structure and chemical reactivity, with an emphasis on organic
molecules. Topics include molecular potential energies and charge
distributions as both the basis of molecular geometry and a guide
to reactive behavior. Quantum mechanical pictures of molecules are
also considered, both in the molecular orbital and valence bond
approaches. Computational methods including molecular mechanics,
molecular dynamics, and semi-empirical quantum mechanics are
discussed and applied to example systems. Desjardins.
Spring

CHEMISTRY 241 (4) - Organic Chemistry I
Prerequisite: Chemistry 112. General theory of organic
chemistry directed toward the basic functional groups of organic
compounds. Laboratory work includes the preparation of typical
organic compounds and an introduction to organic qualitative
analysis. This is the first course of a sequence which will satisfy
the entrance requirements of all medical schools. Laboratory
course. Staff.
Fall

CHEMISTRY 242 (4) - Organic Chemistry II
Prerequisite: Chemistry 241. A continuation of Chemistry
241. Laboratory course. Staff.
Winter

CHEMISTRY 243 (3) - Organic Spectroscopic
Methods
Prerequisite: Chemistry 242. Introduction to mass
spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Emphasis is on
interpreting spectra to determine structures of organic molecules.
Laboratory work includes experiments on the instruments to identify
unknown organic molecules. Alty.
Spring

CHEMISTRY 244 (4) - Biochemistry
Prerequisite: Chemistry 242. A study of the structure,
function, biosynthesis and breakdown of biomolecules, including
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Enzymes,
biological membranes and membrane transport, and regulation of
metabolism are studied in greater detail. Alty.
Fall

CHEMISTRY 261 (4) - Physical Chemistry I
Prerequisites: Chemistry 112 and Mathematics 102. An
introduction to classical thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics.
Biological applications of thermodynamic principles will be
emphasized with examples. Polymer and enzyme kinetics will also be
stressed. Desjardins.
Fall

CHEMISTRY 262 (4) - Physical Chemistry II
Prerequisites or Corequisites: Chemistry 210, 261,
Mathematics 221, and Physics 109. An introduction to quantum
mechanics as it applies to atomic and molecular systems. The
emphasis is placed on spectroscopic methods and the modern picture
of chemical bonding and molecular structure. Semi-empirical and ab
initio quantum chemistry is considered in some detail. The elements
of statistical thermodynamics are considered with regard to the
structure of matter and chemical equilibrium Desjardins.
Winter

CHEMISTRY 266 (1) - Physical Chemical
Measurements
Prerequisite or Corequisite: Chemistry 261. Laboratory work
illustrating the principles and instruments of physical chemistry.
Laboratory course. Desjardins.
Fall

CHEMISTRY 267 (1) - Physical Chemical
Measurements
Prerequisite: Chemistry 261. Laboratory work illustrating
the principles and instruments of physical chemistry. Laboratory
course. Desjardins.
Winter

______________ -


SPECIAL TOPICS IN CHEMISTRY

The following four courses, Chemistry 281-284, are
one-credit studies of special topics to be selected from the list
below by mutual consent of the students and staff. Each has a
prerequisite or corequisite of 16 credits in chemistry and requires
permission of the department. Class meetings will be arranged for
two periods each week for six weeks. May be repeated for degree
credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Fall term topics: Polymers in Chemistry, Solid State
Chemistry, Use of Computer Software in Chemistry.
Winter term topics: Heterocycles and Polyaromatics,
Medicinal Chemistry, Techniques in Theoretical Physical Chemistry,
Data Handling.
Spring term topics: Natural Products, Nuclear Chemistry.

CHEMISTRY 281 (1) - Special Topics I
Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring.

CHEMISTRY 282 (1) - Special Topics II
Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 283 (1) - Special Topics III
Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 284 (1) - Special Topics IV
Staff
Fall, Winter, Spring

______________ -


CHEMISTRY 311 (2) - Advanced Analytical
Chemistry I
Prerequisite: Chemistry 262. Instrumentation in the chemical
laboratory. Taught in four three-week segments emphasizing
spectroscopic, chromatographic, potentiometric, and polarographic
methods and equipment. Laboratory includes experiments employing
the instruments. This course emphasizes potentiometric and
polarographic methods and equipment. Laboratory course. Pleva.
Fall - first six weeks

CHEMISTRY 312 (2) - Advanced Analytical
Chemistry II
Prerequisite: Chemistry 311. A continuation of Chemistry 311
with the remaining two segments. Laboratory course. Pleva.
Fall - second six weeks

[CHEMISTRY 341 (1) - Organic Qualitative Analysis I]
(Not offered in 1995-96)
Prerequisite or Corequisite: Chemistry 242, Chemistry 201
highly recommended. Laboratory work in organic qualitative analysis
involving reactions of functional groups. Laboratory course. Staff.

[CHEMISTRY 342 (1) - Organic Qualitative Analysis II]
(Not offered in 1995-96)
Prerequisite: Chemistry 341. Laboratory work in organic
qualitative analysis involving single unknowns. Laboratory course.
Staff.

[CHEMISTRY 343 (1) - Organic Qualitative
Analysis III]
(Not offered in 1995-96)
Prerequisite: Chemistry 342. Laboratory work in organic
qualitative analysis involving mixtures. Laboratory course. Staff.

CHEMISTRY 345 (2) - Advanced Organic Chemistry
Prerequisite: Chemistry 242. A detailed study of the methods
of physical-organic chemistry as applied to the mechanisms of
organic reactions. Selected advanced topics. Alty.
Winter

CHEMISTRY 350 (3) - Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
Prerequisite or Corequisite: Chemistry 262. A study of
selected advanced topics emphasizing the application of physical
chemical principles to the study of inorganic systems. Uffelman.
Fall

CHEMISTRY 351 (1) - Advanced Inorganic Synthesis
Prerequisite or Corequisite: Chemistry 262. Laboratory work
illustrating techniques used in the synthesis and characterization
of inorganic compounds. Goehring.
Spring

CHEMISTRY 365 (2) - Advanced Physical Chemistry
Prerequisite: Chemistry 262. An introduction to
phenomenological transport theory and time dependent chemical
systems. Applications to industrial and biological systems are
considered, with the emphasis depending on the nature of student
interest. Desjardins.
Winter

CHEMISTRY 421 (1), 422 (2), 423 (3) - Directed
Individual Research
Prerequisite: Chemistry 242 or permission of the instructor.
Literature search, conferences, tri-weekly reports and laboratory
work on a project supervised by the instructor and designed by the
student and instructor. A final written report on the project is
required. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 433 (3), 436 (6), 439 (9) - Tutorial
Prerequisite: Honors candidacy or permission of the
department. Directed reading, conferences, laboratory experiments,
and papers on topics mutually agreeable to the student and the
staff. Laboratory course. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 443 (3) - Honors Tutorial
Prerequisite: Honors candidacy with senior standing.
Directed reading and conferences in preparation for a comprehensive
examination. Staff.
Spring

CHEMISTRY 471 (1), 472 (2), 473 (3) - Senior Thesis
Prerequisite: Senior standing in chemistry. Literature
search, conferences, reports and laboratory. Maximum of six
credits. Laboratory course. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Prerequisite: Honors candidacy. Literature search,
conferences, reports and laboratory work resulting in a thesis
exhibiting a significant understanding of an important problem.
Staff.
Fall-Winter

CHEMISTRY SEMINAR
Regular meetings of the staff and chemistry majors are held
weekly throughout the academic year to discuss selected topics. All
interested students are invited to attend.


CHINESE
(Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures)

PROFESSOR HILL

(Interested students should also consider East Asian Studies
100 (3) - Introduction to Chinese Culture.)

CHINESE 111-112 (8) - Elementary Colloquial
Mandarin
An introduction to modern spoken and written Chinese. In
addition to classroom drill in speaking and reading, extensive use
is made of both the language laboratory and the computer in outside
preparation. Hill.
Fall-Winter

CHINESE 113 (3) - Elementary Conversation
Prerequisite: Chinese 112 or the equivalent. This course is
intended to consolidate the material learned in Chinese 111-112 and
to develop fluency in speaking. It includes intensive
conversational practice focused upon specific themes with
reinforcement through slides and movies. Each week, the students,
as a group, prepare a skit for video recording and classroom
analysis. Hill.
Spring

*CHINESE 261-262 (8) - Intermediate Chinese
Prerequisite: Chinese 111-112 or its equivalent. A
continuation of Chinese 111-112 with intensive drill in spoken
Chinese closely coordinated with the acquisition of Chinese
characters and the translation of Chinese texts. The language
laboratory and computerized drills are used extensively. Hill.
Fall-Winter

CHINESE 263 (3) - Chinese Language and Culture
Prerequisites: Chinese 262 or its equivalent and permission
of the instructor. This course focuses on the skills and knowledge
needed for continued work in Chinese. Students expand their
vocabulary and control of Chinese characters through intensive
reading and translation and are introduced to three additional
transliteration systems useful in advanced sinological work. Basic
theoretical tools, practical techniques, and information for
interpretation of cultural phenomena are also supplied. Course
materials may be adapted to an individual's needs. Hill.
Spring

CHINESE 311 (3) - Advanced Chinese I
Prerequisites: Chinese 262 or the equivalent and permission
of the instructor. Advanced readings with discussion in Chinese.
Course content may be adjusted according to specific individual
needs and may include an introduction to and practice in the use of
simplified characters. Hill.
Fall

*CHINESE 312 (3) - Advanced Chinese II:
Contemporary Fiction
Prerequisites: Chinese 311 or its equivalent and permission
of the instructor. This course combines translation from Chinese to
English with intensive practice in speaking and writing. The texts
analyzed are modern and unabridged literary works from both The
Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China.
Hill.

*CHINESE 401 (1), 402 (2), 403 (3) - Directed
Individual Study
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Advanced study
in Chinese. The nature and content of the course will be determined
by the students' needs and by an evaluation of their previous work.
This course meets the general education requirement in literature
only when the subject is literary (area 3). Hill.
Fall, Winter, Spring

_____________________________________________ -

CLASSICS
(See also Greek and Latin)

Corcoran-Peabody Foundation

PROFESSOR TAYLOR
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PELLICCIARO

MAJOR

A major in classics leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree
requires the completion of at least 36 credits in classics and
related courses according to the following scheme of distribution:
1. 18 to 24 credits in Greek and/or Latin language
courses. These may be divided in any proportion between the two
languages, but the courses in one
of the two languages must be above the elementary
level
2. 12 to 18 credits from the following:
Latin and/or Greek language courses not used to satisfy
part 1. above.
Classics 200 (Art 200)
Classics 201 (Literature in Translation 201)
Classics 202 (Literature in Translation 202)
Classics 221 (Philosophy 221)
Classics 222 (Sociology 222)
Classics 287 (Art 287)
Classics 288
Classics 300 (History 300)
Classics 473, 493
History 109, 110, 111
Philosophy 141, 152, 222
Religion 102
Approved independent study courses

Courses taken to fulfill the requirements above must be
approved in advance by the department.

A comprehensive examination will be given to all seniors
majoring in classics.

HONORS: An Honors Program in classics is offered for
qualified students. See department head for details.

CLASSICS 101 (3) - English Derivatives from
Latin and Greek
A study of Latin and Greek combining forms in English. The
course aims to develop a large recognition vocabulary among that
portion (about 60 percent) of English words which is derived from
Latin and Greek. Taylor.
Spring

CLASSICS 103 (1) - Greek and Roman Elements in Scientific
English
A study of the form and meaning of the Latin and Greek stems
and affixes most frequently found in scientific terminology.
Taylor.
Winter

*[CLASSICS 200 (Art 200) - Ancient Art]
(Winter 1997 and alternate years)
A survey of art and architecture in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and
the pre-Classical Aegean world as well as an introduction to Greek
and Roman painting, sculpture, and architecture. Bent.

*CLASSICS 201 (Literature in Translation 201) (3) -
The Greek and Roman Myths
A study in English of the ancient myths in their narrative
forms using ancient and modern compilations. A consideration of the
structure of the major myths through an examination of selected
literary and artistic works. Slide lectures. Staff.
Fall

*CLASSICS 202 (Literature in Translation 202) (3) -
Greek and Latin Epic, Lyric, and
Dramatic Literature in Translation
Reading of a body of works in translation and independent
study by students in literary topics and/or forms which interest
them. Staff.
Winter

*[CLASSICS 221 (Philosophy 221) (3) - Plato]
A close study of one or several dialogues. Pemberton.

CLASSICS 222 (Sociology 222) (3) - Structural
Linguistics
A course concerning the nature of natural languages, the
elements of which they are composed, and how they may be analyzed
on the levels of sound, grammar, and meaning. The attention is to
language as a particular kind of human knowledge. Accordingly, what
we know best, English, is the particular language considered
throughout the course. Ability in a foreign language is not
expected of students who enroll. Pellicciaro.
Spring

*[CLASSICS 287 (Art 287) (6 or 3-3) - Supervised Study
Abroad: Athens]
(Not offered in 1995-96)
Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Classics, art
history, and/or studio in Greece. The credits may be distributed in
any way between art and classics, or 3 credits may be earned in an
approved independent study course in any department including
classics. Application must be made before November 15 and deposit
before December 5. Staff.

*CLASSICS 288 (6 or 3-3) - Supervised Study
Abroad: Rome and Ancient Italy
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Offered subject
to student interest and faculty availability. This course will
trace the growth of Rome and Roman civilization from its modest
beginnings to its glory during the Republic and Empire. Lectures
and readings will prepare students for daily visits to sites,
excavations, monuments and museums in Rome and its environs, and to
locations in the Bay of Naples area. Credits may be split between
classics and other disciplines with the approval of the departments
involved. Application must be made by November 15 (financial aid
recipients need to contact that office before November 1) and
deposits before November 29. Taylor.
Spring

*[CLASSICS 300 (History 300) (3) - Seminar in
Ancient History]
(Winter 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the
instructors. A consideration of the major Greek and Roman
historians, the influence of various literary and philosophical
conventions on the development of their method, and their approach
to selected problems in ancient history evaluated in the light of
modern historical research. Sanders and Taylor.

CLASSICS 401 (1), 402 (2), 403 (3) - Directed
Individual Study
May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CLASSICS 421 (1), 422 (2), 423 (3) - Directed
Individual Research
May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CLASSICS 473 (3) - Senior Thesis
Prerequisites: Senior standing, major in classics, and
permission of the department. The student researches and writes a
senior thesis under the direction of a faculty member.
Fall, Winter

CLASSICS 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Prerequisite: Honors candidacy.
Fall-Winter

__________________________________________________
COGNITIVE SCIENCE

PROFESSORS ELMES, MARTIN*

MAJOR

A major in cognitive science leading to a Bachelor of Arts
degree requires the completion of at least 43 credits including the
following:
1. Core courses: Cognitive Science 110, 395, 403, 473,
Computer Science 111, 301, Philosophy 106, 313, Psychology 112, 180
2. Four courses chosen from one of the following tracks:
a. Formal Systems in Cognitive Science: Computer
Science 295 (LISP, PROLOG or C), 303, 315, Psychology 207
b. Philosophical Foundations of Cognitive Science:
Philosophy 205, 255, 305 (Psychology 305), 312, Sociology 222
(Classics 222)
c. Experimental Cognitive Science: Psychology 207,
251, 252, 254, 255
d. Cognitive Neuropsychology: Neuroscience 120,
Psychology 111, 253, 255

Additional courses required as prerequisites for the
completion of the above core include Computer Science 110 and
Mathematics 121. Psychology 111 is a prerequisite for Psychology
255 in the Experimental Cognitive Science track.

Cognitive Science courses are as follows; for course
descriptions, see the appropriate departmental listings:
Classics 222 - Structural Linguistics
Cognitive Science 110 - Introduction to
Cognitive Science
Cognitive Science 395 - Special Topics in
Cognitive Science
Cognitive Science 403 - Directed Individual Study
Cognitive Science 473 - Senior Thesis
Computer Science 111 - Fundamentals of Data Structures
Computer Science 295 - Language Laboratory
Computer Science 301 - Data Structure and
Algorithms
Computer Science 303 - Theory of Computation
Computer Science 315 - Artificial Intelligence
Neuroscience 120 - Introduction to Neuroscience
Philosophy 106 - Symbolic Logic
Philosophy 205 - Philosophy of Language
Philosophy 255 - Philosophy of Science
Philosophy 305 - Speech and Cognition
Philosophy 312 - Theory of Knowledge
Philosophy 313 - Philosophy of Mind
Psychology 111 - Brain and Behavior
Psychology 112 - Cognition
Psychology 180 - Research Design and Analysis
Psychology 207 - A Psychological Approach to Artificial
Intelligence
Psychology 251 - Experimental Psychology: Learning and
Retention
Psychology 252 - Experimental Psychology:
Perception
Psychology 253 - Physiological Psychology
Psychology 254 - Experimental Psychology:
Language and Thought
Psychology 255 - Human Neuropsychology
Psychology 305 - Speech and Cognition
Sociology 222 - Structural Linguistics

*COGNITIVE SCIENCE 110 (3) - Introduction to
Cognitive Science
This course introduces the student to the information
processing approach of cognitive science by examining the ability
to understand and produce language from the perspectives of
computer science, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, and
psychology. Staff.
Spring

COGNITIVE SCIENCE 395 (3) - Special Topics in Cognitive
Science
Prerequisites: Cognitive Science 110 and six credits chosen
from Computer Science 111, 301, Philosophy 106, 313, Psychology
112, 180. This seminar provides the advanced student with a more
thorough knowledge of the methods of cognitive science. The course
focuses on a specific cognitive capacity - spatial memory, word
recognition, sentence processing, or visual pattern recognition,
for instance - and compares competing information processing
models, examining how they can be tested in the laboratory and by
computer simulation. Topics will vary and may be determined, in
part, by student interest. May be repeated for degree credit with
permission and if the topics are different. Staff.
Fall

COGNITIVE SCIENCE 403 (3) - Directed
Individual Study
Prerequisites: Cognitive Science 395 or permission of the
Cognitive Science program advisor. Conferences, in-dependent
reading, and research leading to a topic for the senior thesis.
This course is taken by all Cognitive Science majors in preparation
for the senior thesis. Cognitive Science faculty.
Fall

COGNITIVE SCIENCE 473 (3) - Senior Thesis
Prerequisite: Cognitive Science 403. Cognitive Science
faculty.
Winter

________________________________________________
COMPUTER SCIENCE

PROFESSOR WHALEY
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR LAMBERT
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR VERMEER

MAJOR

The computer science major leading to a Bachelor of Arts
degree requires completion of at least 40 credits including the
following:
1. Computer Science 110, 111, 210, 212, 301, 303, 423,
and Mathematics 121
2. either Computer Science 330 or 332
3. either Mathematics 102 or 122
4. completion of one of the following groups:
a. nine additional credits in computer science
b. six additional credits in computer science and,
with approval of a student's computer science advisor, nine credits
from a cognate area such as accounting, economics, engineering,
management, mathematics or physics. Examples of appropriate cognate
work are available from the department head

The computer science major leading to a Bachelor of Science
degree requires completion of at least 50 credits, including the
following:
1. Computer Science 110, 111, 210, 212, 301, 303, 423;
Mathematics 121, 222
2. either Computer Science 330 or 332
3. nine additional credits in computer science
4. six additional credits in mathematics numbered 200 or
above

Additional courses required as prerequisites for completion
of the above include Mathematics 101 and 102.

Students should consult with an adviser in the department
when choosing courses to fulfill requirement 4 above. In order that
the discrete mathematics requirement for Computer Science 212, 301,
and 303 be completed in a timely fashion, freshmen expecting to
major in computer science are encouraged to take Mathematics 121 in
their freshman year.

*COMPUTER SCIENCE 101 (4) - Survey of
Computer Science
A Cognitive Science course. An examination of some of the
major areas of computer science such as computer organization,
algorithms and data structures, programming, and the theory of
computation. Weekly meetings will include lectures and a laboratory
session.
Fall, Winter

*COMPUTER SCIENCE 110 (4) - Fundamentals of
Programming
A Cognitive Science course. This course is a disciplined
introduction to programming. Emphasis is on problem solving methods
and algorithm development. A high level programming language will
be taught, as well as how to design, code, debug, and document
programs using techniques of good programming style.
Fall, Winter
*COMPUTER SCIENCE 111 (3) - Fundamentals of
Data Structures
Prerequisite: Computer Science 110. Continuation of Computer
Science 110. Further development of discipline in program design,
in style and expression, in debugging and testing, especially for
larger programs. Introduction of algorithmic analysis, string
processing, recursion, internal sort/search methods, and simple
data structures.
Winter

COMPUTER SCIENCE 210 (3) - Computer
Organization
Prerequisite: Computer Science 111. Multilevel machine
organization studied at the levels of digital logic,
microprogramming, conventional machine, operating system, and
assembly language.
Fall

COMPUTER SCIENCE 212 (3) - Programming
Language Design
Prerequisites: Computer Science 111, 210, Mathematics 121.
Formal language description tools; Semantic concepts and syntactic
constructs appropriate to diverse applications. Comparison of
several high-level languages, such as FORTRAN, LISP, PASCAL,
PROLOG, and their implementations of these semantic and syntactic
elements.
Winter

COMPUTER SCIENCE 251 (Engineering 251) (3) -
Laboratory Computer Applications
Techniques and application of digital data acquisition and
automated experimental control. The course is intended for any
science major interested in the use of computers in experimental
work. Laboratory course. Akins.
Fall

COMPUTER SCIENCE 295 (1-3) - Language
Laboratory
A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Permission of
instructor. Introduction to a computer language, which will be
chosen according to needs of students and of other Computer Science
courses. Typical languages include APL, C, COBOL, FORTRAN, LISP,
PROLOG, SNOBOL. May be repeated once for degree credit with
permission and if the languages are different. May only be used
once toward the major requirements.
Spring

COMPUTER SCIENCE 301 (3) - Data Structures and Algorithms
Prerequisites: Computer Science 111 and Mathematics 121.
Computer representations of data structures as derived from
mathematical models: stacks, queues, linked lists. Access methods
into data structures, such as hashing and tree searching. Storage
allocation and deallocation procedures. Algorithms for manipulating
such structures are introduced, analyzed, and implemented by the
student.
Fall
COMPUTER SCIENCE 303 (3) - Theory of
Computation
A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisites: Computer Science
111, Mathematics 121, and one of Mathematics 102, 122 or Philosophy
106. A study of the principles of computer science embodied in
formal languages, automata, computability, and computational
complexity. Topics include context-free grammars, Turing machines,
and the halting problem.
Winter

COMPUTER SCIENCE 310 (Management 310) (3) -
Management Information Systems
Prerequisite: Junior standing. The objective is to build an
understanding of the value and uses of information systems for
business operations, management decision making, and strategic
advantage. Topics include basic systems concepts and major roles of
information systems; computer, telecommunications, and database
management concepts; management issues in the implementation of
information systems including international, security, and ethical
considerations. Cline.
Winter

[COMPUTER SCIENCE 315 (3) - Artificial Intelligence]
(Spring 1997 and alternate years)
A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Computer Science
301. Basic concepts of robotics, theorem proving, natural language
processing and intelligent systems.

[COMPUTER SCIENCE 317 (3) - Database
Management]
(Fall 1996 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Computer Science 210 and 301.
Entity-relationship, network, hierarchical, and relational database
models. Theory of functional dependencies and normal forms for
relational database design. A major project to design and implement
a database using a commercial package.

[COMPUTER SCIENCE 321 (3) - Networks]
Prerequisite: Computer Science 210. Concepts and goals of
computer networking. Network protocols, analysis and design of
management. Network topologies and case studies.

[COMPUTER SCIENCE 330 (3) - Operating Systems]
(Winter 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Computer Science 210 and 301. Procedure
initiation, environment construction, re-entrancy, kernel
functions, resource management, input/output, file structures,
security, process control, semaphores and deadlock, and recovery
procedures. The laboratory includes the opportunity to examine and
modify the internals of an operating system.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 332 (3) - Compiler
Construction
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Computer Science 210, 212, 301, and 303.
Lexical analysis, parsing, context dependence, translation
techniques, optimization. Students are expected to produce a
compiler for a suitably restricted language.
Winter
COMPUTER SCIENCE 395 (1), 396 (2), 397 (3) -
Seminar
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Readings and
conferences for a student or students on topics agreed upon with
the directing staff. May be repeated for degree credit with
permission and if the topics are different. A maximum of six
credits may be used toward the major requirements.
Fall, Winter, Spring

COMPUTER SCIENCE 401 (1), 402 (2), 403 (3) -
Directed Individual Study
Prerequisite: Permission of the Department. Individual
conferences. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and
if the topics are different.
Fall, Winter, Spring

COMPUTER SCIENCE 423 (3) - Senior Project
The senior project is required of all majors in computer
science. Under exceptional circumstances it may be completed during
the junior year. The student must obtain approval of a project
proposal, from a department member, before registering for this
course. The project requires planning, design and implementation of
a computer application, in such a way as to integrate the material
from other computer science courses and courses outside computer
science. Students who have a second major are encouraged to design
a project which makes use of material from the other major.
Fall, Winter, Spring

________________________________________________


EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES
AND LITERATURES

(See Chinese, Japanese, and Literature in Translation)

The Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures does
not offer a major, but two years of Chinese or Japanese are
required as part of the East Asian Studies major (see entry under
that heading).
Students are urged to begin their East Asian language study
as early as possible, preferably in their freshman year.
Chinese and Japanese language students may apply for
participation in Washington and Lee's exchange programs in Hong
Kong and Japan. By arrangement with the University of
Massachusetts, qualified students of Chinese may study for the
summer in Taiwan and/or may spend a semester or an academic year or
both in Taiwan or in the People's Republic of China.

____________________________________________________
EAST ASIAN STUDIES

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ROGERS*

MAJOR

A major in East Asian studies leading to a Bachelor of Arts
degree requires the completion of 38 credits as follows:
1. Chinese 111-112 and 261-262 or Japanese 111-112 and
261-262
2. East Asian Studies 190 or another bibliographical
resources course, with the approval of the head of
the East Asian Studies Committee.
3. One course from seven of the following eight groups (21
credits total):
Art 240 or 241
Economics 285 or 286
History 103 or 104
History 380 or 383
Literature in Translation 218 or 221
Philosophy 168
Politics 224 or 225
Religion 103 or 208
In addition, all East Asian studies majors are expected to
participate in exit interviews to be scheduled during the spring
term of their senior year.

HONORS: An Honors Program in East Asian studies is offered
for qualified students; see program director for details.

East Asian studies courses are as follows; for course
descriptions, see the appropriate departmental listings:
Art 140 - Asian Art
Art 240 - Arts of China
Art 241 - Arts of Japan
Art 340 - The History of Chinese Painting
Art 341 - The History of Japanese Painting
Art 390 - Seminar in East Asian Art
Chinese 111-112 - Elementary Mandarin
Chinese 113 - Elementary Conversation
Chinese 261-262 - Intermediate Chinese
Chinese 263 - Chinese Language and Culture
Chinese 311 - Advanced Chinese I
Chinese 312 - Advanced Chinese II:
Contemporary Fiction
Chinese 401, 402, 403 - Directed Individual Study
East Asian Studies 100 - Introduction to Chinese
Culture
East Asian Studies 190 - Bibliographical
Resources
East Asian Studies 201 - Supervised Study
in China
East Asian Studies 202 - Supervised Study
in Japan
East Asian Studies 473 - Senior Thesis
East Asian Studies 493 - Honors Thesis
Economics 285 - Japan's Modern Economy
Economics 286 - China's Modern Economy
Economics 399 - Special Topics in Economics
(when on Asia)
History 103 - Modern China: The Road
to Revolution
History 104 - The Rise of Modern Japan
History 380 - Japanese Civilization to 1800
History 381 - Seminar on Japan in World War II
History 383 - Chinese Civilization to 1800
History 384 - Seminar on the History of
Chinese Communism
Japanese 111-112 - Elementary Japanese
Japanese 261-262 - Intermediate Japanese
Japanese 301 - Advanced Japanese I
Japanese 302 - Advanced Japanese II
Japanese 311 - Readings in Japanese Literature I
Japanese 312 - Readings in Japanese Literature II
Japanese 401, 402, 403 - Directed Individual Study
Literature in Translation 218 - Chinese Literature
before the Republic
Literature in Translation 221 - Japanese Literature
Literature in Translation 231 - Seminar in
Japanese Literature
Philosophy 168 - Chinese Philosophy
Politics 224 - The Japanese Political System
Politics 225 - The Chinese Political System
Religion 103 - Introduction to Asian Religions
Religion 207 - Hinduism and Buddhism
Religion 208 - Japanese Religion and Society
Religion 217 - Religion, Wealth and Power
(term paper to focus on Japan)
Religion 218 - Comparative Religious Ethics
Religion 390 - Seminar in Asian Religion
Religion 396 - Seminar in the Sacred and the Social
(depending on topic for year)

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 100 (3) - Introduction to
Chinese Culture
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. This
non-language course is designed especially for freshmen and
provides the student with basic tools for understanding the
country, its people, and its history. It introduces the technical
concept of culture as such and, inductively, through analysis and
discussion of works of art and literature, the main elements that
have informed Chinese culture and thought. It is intended to be of
general interest and to supply background for further study of
China. Audio-visual materials are used extensively throughout.
Hill.
Winter

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 190 (1) - Bibliographical
Resources
Prerequisite: Major standing or permission of the East Asian
Studies Committee. An introduction to bibliographical tools useful
in the study of China and Japan. This course is required of all
majors and should be taken as soon as possible after declaring the
major. Degree credit is awarded for only one 190 course regardless
of academic discipline. Staff.
Fall

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 201 (6 or 3-3) - Supervised Study in
China
Prerequisites: A G.P.A. of 2.5 and permission of the
instructor. The grade-point average requirement may be modified at
the discretion of the instructor. Courses on East Asia are
recommended, particularly Chinese 111-112. The itinerary and
specific content of this course will be announced early in the fall
term of each year in which it is given. Travel will be to the
People's Republic of China, Taiwan or Hong-Kong, or to a
combination of these. The program includes supervised academic
projects, lectures by authorities on Chinese cultural history, and
field trips to points of historical and cultural interest as well
as to those related to the specific theme of the course. Students
in majors other than East Asian Studies are encouraged to apply.
Credits may be split between East Asian Studies and other
disciplines with approval of the departments involved. Staff.
Spring

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 202 (6 or 3-3) - Supervised
Study in Japan
Prerequisites: A G.P.A. of 2.5 and permission of the
instructor. The grade-point average requirement may be modified at
the discretion of the instructor. Courses on East Asia are
recommended, particularly Japanese 111-112. The itinerary and
specific content of this course will be announced early in the fall
term of each year in which it is given. The program includes
supervised academic projects, lectures by authorities on Japanese
cultural history, and field trips to points of historical interest
as well as to those related to the specific theme of the course.
Students in majors other than East Asian studies are encouraged to
apply. Credits may be split between East Asian studies and other
disciplines with approval of the departments involved. Staff.
Spring

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 403 (3-3) - Directed
Individual Study
Prerequisite: Permission of the East Asian Studies
Committee. Limited to students who have unsuccessfully attempted an
honors thesis.
Fall-Winter

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 473 (3) - Senior Thesis
Prerequisites: Senior standing as an East Asian studies
major, cumulative grade-point average of 3.0 or higher, and
permission of an East Asian studies faculty member serving as
thesis director. This elective course provides an opportunity for
original research on a topic selected with the thesis director. It
is intended to allow the student to consolidate and apply knowledge
of the East Asian field in an area of personal interest. Meetings
are scheduled as the thesis director deems necessary. Though not
required, it is desirable for the student to have completed a
bibliographical resources course prior to enrollment. Staff.
Fall, Winter

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Prerequisites: Senior standing and honors candidacy.
Fall-Winter: Individual conferences

__________________________________________________ -

ECONOMICS

PROFESSORS HERRICK, CLINE, KAISER, LOWRY, PEPPERS,
PHILLIPS, WINFREY
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS ANDERSON,
GOLDSMITH, SMITKA
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS HOLLIDAY, HOOKS

MAJOR

A major in economics is granted upon completion of:
1. Basic courses. Economics 101, 102; Politics 100, 101
2. Advanced courses. Economics 210 (Microeconomic
Theory), Economics 345 (Economic Policy), Economics 360
(Money and Banking), and Economics 390 (Macroeconomic Theory), as
well as 12 more credits in other economics courses numbered above
203.
3. Statistics and econometrics. Economics 201 (Elementary
Applied Statistics), and Economics 203 (Quantitative Models for
Management and Economics)
4. Mathematics. Achievement in calculus at a level
equivalent to Mathematics 101 is required. Additional courses in
mathematics are recommended