Official Notification
of Changes to the 1996-97 Catalogue
(January 31, 1997)

COURSE INFORMATION:

Course Additions


BIOLOGY 231 (6) Field Entomology. Prerequisites: Biology 112
and permission of the instructor. Departmental permission also is
required as enrollment is limited. A study of the diversity,
classification and ecology of insects. This course consists primarily of
field work in Virginia (first four weeks) and Central America (last two
weeks). Students become familiar with the major insect groups, make a
synoptic collection, and compare diversity between temperate Virginia and
tropical Central America. No other course may be taken concurrently. No
more than five credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Either
Biology 230 or 231 may be used to satisfy major requirements but not
both. Laboratory course. Hurd. Spring

The above course will be an option for satisfying the general
education requirement in sciences and mathematics (Area 5c.).

CHEMISTRY 250 (3) - Inorganic Chemistry. Prerequisites:
Chemistry 243 and 261; corequisite: Chemistry 252 or, by permission of
the instructor, Chemistry 254. A survey of main group and transition
metal chemistry, as well as fundamentals of point group symmetry. Main
group chemistry will be discussed from the perspective of the "classic"
compounds from the alkali metals, the alkaline earths, the boron family,
the carbon family, the pnicogens, the chalcogens, the halogens, and the
noble gases. Transition metal chemistry will be examined from the
standpoint of characteristic coordination geometries, kinetics and
mechanism, electron transfer (inner and outer sphere), and catalysis.
Uffelman. Winter

CHEMISTRY 252 (1) - Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory.
Prerequisites: Chemistry 243 and 261; corequisite: Chemistry 250. A
survey of modern inorganic synthesis and spectroscopy. Topics will
include manipulation of air-sensitive compounds, NMR of diamagnetic and
paramagnetic complexes, dynamic NMR, IR, and UV-VIS spectroscopies.
Uffelman. Winter

CHEMISTRY 254 (1) - Bioinorganic Chemistry. Prerequisites:
Chemistry 243 and 261; corequisites: Chemistry 250 and permission of the
instructor. A survey of the major metalloproteins and metalloenzymes.
Uffelman. Winter

CHEMISTRY 347 (2) - Advanced Organic Synthesis. Prerequisite:
Chemistry 242. A study of selected modern synthetic organic reactions,
with an emphasis on stereocontrol. Synthetic methodology as well as
examples of natural product synthesis will be discussed. France. Spring

ECONOMICS 315 (3) American Economic History. (Spring 1997 and
alternate years) Prerequisites: Economics 101 and 102, or permission of
the instructor. This course applies economics analysis and econometric
methods to topics in American history and aspects of the development of
the American economy, primarily before the 20th century. Typically, two
or three topics will be chosen for intensive study; coverage will vary
from year to year. Possible topics include the economics of slavery; the
coming of the railroads; the rise of the industrial corporation, boom and
bust in the 19th century; innovation and technology; and the triumph of
central banking. Holliday.

ECONOMICS 348 (3) Economic Analysis of Law. (Spring 1998 and
alternate years) Prerequisites: Economics 101 and 102, or permission of
the instructor. Analysis of substantive and procedural legal rules
through the application of neo-classical economic theory. Emphasis is on
the Chicago school of Posner, Coase, et al., and their critics, stressing
efficient allocation rather than income distribution. Topics include
property rights and their use to attempt to internalize externalities;
the efficiency of contracts and their role in allocating risk; optimal
liability rules and sanctions in torts; and the efficient amount of
crime. Holliday.

INTERDEPARTMENTAL 101 (3) Poverty: An Introduction. An
exploration of the nature, scope, causes, effects and possible remedies
for poverty as a religious, moral, political, economic, legal and
biological problem. The course considers poverty in both its domestic
and international contexts. Beckley. Fall, Winter

The above course will be an option for satisfying the general
education requirement in fine arts, history, philosophy, and religion
(Area 4).

INTERDEPARTMENTAL 423 (3) Poverty: A Research Seminar.
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Interdepartmental 101 is
recommended. An inquiry into the principal factors or agents responsible
for the causes, effects and remedies of poverty. This examination is
conducted through reading appropriate in-depth studies from various
disciplines and perspectives, and culminates with an independent research
projects into specific aspects of poverty, drawing on students'
respective areas of study. Beckley. Winter

JOURNALISM 243 (3) Ethics of Journalism in Democratic States.
An examination of historical and contemporary roles and functions of
journalism in the creation and sustenance of democratic governments.
Includes inquiry into ethical responsibilities of professional
journalists and news organizations, theories of government and the press
during the era of the American Revolution, special roles of journalism in
the "Third World," and forces that promote and deter press performance.
Staff. Fall

JOURNALISM 346 (3) Issues in the Ethics of Journalism.
Prerequisite: Journalism/Interdepartmental 344. Examination of some
perennial issues in professional ethics as they apply to the practice of
journalists and news organizations. Subjects may include privacy;
confidentiality of sources; objectivity; conflict of interest; free
press/fair trial; press freedom; law and the press; and accountability.
Staff. Winter

LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION 295 (3) Special Topics in Literature
in Translation. (Offered when interest is expressed and departmental
resources permit.) Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A
selected topic focusing on a particular author, genre, motif or period in
translation. The specific topic is determined by the interests of the
individual instructor. May be repeated for degree credit with permission
and if the topics are different. Staff.

LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION 395 (3) Literature in Translation
Seminar. (Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) Prerequisite: Two 200-level or higher literature courses or
permission of the instructor. A seminar focusing on a particular author,
genre, motif, or period in translation. The specific topic is determined
by the interests of the individual instructor. May be repeated for
degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. Staff.

The above courses will be options for satisfying the general
education requirement in literature (Area 3).

MANAGEMENT 306 (3) Seminar in Management Information Systems.
Prerequisite: Computer Science/Management 310.

MUSIC 221 (3) - History of Jazz. A study of the development of
jazz from its roots in turn-of-the- century New Orleans to its
contemporary styles. Strong emphasis is placed on listening to and
recognition of the performers and composers discussed. Vosbein. Fall
1996 only.

This course may be used as an option for satisfying the general
education requirement in fine arts, history, philosophy, and religion
(Area 4).

PHILOSOPHY 206 (3) Problems in Logic. (Winter 1998 and
alternate years) Prerequisite: Philosophy 106 or permission of the
instructor. An inquiry into formal logic and philosophical issues
related to logic. The course is a study of truth and meaning, vagueness,
the revisability of logic, and Gvdels theorem. It also extends
propositional and predicate logic to include topics such as the logic of
identity, fuzzy logic, many-valued logic, mereology, and modal logic.
Wilson. Winter

PHILOSOPHY 257 (3) Philosophy of Biology. Prerequisite:
Permission of the instructor. An examination of some of the
philosophical issues raised by biology, with an emphasis on current
evolutionary theory. Topics discussed include the structure of the
theory of evolution by natural selection, an examination of the concepts
of fitness and adaptation, the role of teleological and teleonomic
explanation in biology, reductionism, the nature of biological species,
individuality, levels of selection, and sociobiology. Wilson. Winter

The above courses will be options for satisfying the general
education requirement in fine arts, history, philosophy, and religion
(Area 4).

POLITICS 401 (1), 402 (2) Directed Individual Study.
Prerequisites: Grade point average of 3.0 in politics and permission of
the instructor. This course permits a student to follow a program of
directed reading, library research or data collection and analysis in
some area not covered in other courses. May be repeated for degree
credit with permission and if the topics are different.

PUBLIC SPEAKING 306 (3) Classical Rhetoric. (Spring 1997 and
alternate years) The students read in translation Plato's Gorgias and
Phaedrus, Aristotle's Rhetoric, the Rhetorica ad Herennium, and selected
books in Quintilian's Instituto Oratoria. Selected Greek and Latin
orations are also studied. Ryan.

SOCIOLOGY 406 (6) - Crime and Mental Illness: The Sociology of
Deviance in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Prerequisite: Permission of the
instructor. An examination of crime and mental illness within a
cross-cultural perspective. Consideration is given to theoretical models
within the sociology of deviance with special emphasis on labelling
theory. Applications of labelling theory will be used to analyze crime
and mental illness in various societies. The course participants meet
for one week on campus and then travel to Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece.
Novack. Spring 1997

SPANISH 315 (3) - The Spanish-American Short Story. (Spring 1996
and alternate years) A study of the Spanish-American short story with
special attention to the works of Quiroga, Borges, Cortazar, and
Valenzuela. Williams.

The above course will be an option for satisfying the general
education requirement in literature (Area 3).


Course Revisions

ART 350 (3) - Medieval Art in Italy. (renumbered from Art 330)

CHEMISTRY
increase credit for Chemistry 311 (3) - Advanced Analytical
Chemistry I

Chemistry 350 (3) - Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. Prerequisites:
Chemistry 250, 252, and 262. An introduction to group theory and its
application to inorganic spectroscopy and an introduction to
organometallic chemistry and organometallic catalytic processes.
Uffelman. Spring

ENGLISH 363 (3) - Modern American Poetry. (Fall 1996 and
alternate years) Prerequisites: Three credits in English, and either
junior standing or permission of the instructor. A study of American
poetry written from about 1900 to World War II. Readings range from
expatriate writers such as Eliot and H.D. to regionally identified
writers including Frost and Hughes. Students also study the modern long
poem. Wheeler.

ENGLISH 364 (3) - Contemporary American Poetry. (Winter 1997
and alternate years) Prerequisites: Three credits in English, and
either junior standing or permission of the instructor. Readings in
American poetry from World War II to the present, starting with Bishop
and ending with the contemporary avant-garde(s). Students also review a
book of contemporary poetry of their choice. Wheeler.

PHILOSOPHY 106 (3) Introduction to Logic. The study of
argumentation and modern formal logic. This course explores the basic
principles of deductive and inductive reasoning. Students will learn to
symbolize and evaluate natural language arguments. Topics covered
include the study of formal and informal fallacies, propositional and
predicate logic, scientific induction, and probabilities. Wilson. Fall,
Winter

The above course will be an option for satisfying the general
education requirement in fine arts, history, philosophy, and religion
(Area 4).

PHYSICS
renumber Physics 180 (3) as Physics 202 (3) - Relativity

UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS (course descriptions for 1996-97)
UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS 101 (1) - Pilgrimage in Religious
Traditions. A. Brown. Winter 1997.

UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS 201 (3) - Pilgrimage in Religious
Traditions. Whether to visit temples or churches, climb mountains, bathe
in rivers, venerate relics, or trace the footsteps of a religious master,
people have made pilgrimages and talked about pilgrimage throughout known
history and everywhere in the world. This course examines a variety of
pilgrimages, both actual and literary, from different religious
traditions and historical periods with a view to seeing pilgrimage as a
category for understanding religion. In the winter term reading course,
the participants prepare to approach particular pilgrimages by reading
basic theory about religion and about how pilgrimage informs the study of
religion. From this foundation, we proceed to examine particular
pilgrimages in both Eastern and Western religious traditions. Brown,
Sullivan. Spring 1997. GE4 in religion

UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS 202 (3) - Evolution of Consciousness. An
exploration into the biological and cultural evolution of human
consciousness. The course begins by defining consciousness, then
evaluating the possible neural substrate of this phenomenon. Fossil and
behavioral evidence of humans and other animals are also discussed. The
course concludes with an examination of consciousness in machines and
Dawkins' hypothesis of biopsychosocial evolution. Lorig. Fall 1996.
Does not meet a general education requirement.

UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS 203 (3) - The Constitution of Civility.
From both the left and the right in American political life there is much
talk of the decay of "community" and the loss of "values," not least
among them civility. Some look forward and wonder about the prospects
for civility in the context of a rapidly changing and increasingly
diverse society. Others look backward and wonder about the possibility
of preserving the traditions which supposedly inform the "American way of
life." In the former case, civility is looked upon as the "value" of
liberal republicanism par excellence and coincident with toleration; in
the latter case, civility is looked upon with awe and reverence, as if
part of an age that is no more. There is undoubtedly much talk about
civility, but what is it? This course examines the origin of the idea of
civility. We turn to the founders of this idea, the philosophers of the
Enlightenment. We examine the nature and character of civility,
particularly in relation to the virtues civility is thought to have
supplanted, namely, the martial virtues of antiquity and the pious
virtues of medieval Christianity. Civility is compared to friendship,
citizenship, piety, charity, and love. Finally we explore the relation
of civility to the formation and education of the liberal character.
Velasquez. Winter 1997. GE 6 in politics


Course Deletions

Biology 345 (6) - Field Trip to the Galapagos Islands
Chemistry 201 (2) - Analytical Chemistry I
Chemistry 202 (2) - Analytical Chemistry II
Chemistry 206 (2) - Survey of the Periodic Table
Chemistry 207 (2) - Synthesis of Inorganic Complexes
Chemistry 312 (2) - Advanced Analytical Chemistry II
Chemistry 341 (1) - Organic Qualitative Analysis I
Chemistry 342 (1) - Organic Qualitative Analysis II
Chemistry 343 (1) - Organic Qualitative Analysis III
English 301 (1) - Fundamentals of Literary and Scholarly Practice
History 371 (3) - History of the Islamic Peoples to 1914
History 372 (3) - History of the Islamic Peoples, 1914 to the Present
History 443 (3) - Honors Tutorial
Philosophy 105 (3) - Logic
Philosophy 107 (3) - Contemporary Radical Thought



Revisions to Major Requirements
(effective immediately unless otherwise noted)

CHEMISTRY
"The major in chemistry leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree
requires completion of 44 credits as follows.
1. Chemistry 111, 112, 241, 242, 243, 244, 250, 261; Physics
108, 109
2. Chemistry 252 or 254
3. Five additional credits chosen from biology, chemistry
(numbered 200 or above), geology, or physics (numbered 200 or above).

Additional courses required as prerequisites for completion of
the above include Mathematics 101 and 102, or their equivalents.

The major in chemistry leading to a Bachelor of Science degree
requires completion of at least 53 credits in the sciences and
mathematics including the following.
1. Chemistry 111, 112, 210, 241, 242, 243, 244, 250, 252,
261, 262, 311; Mathematics 221; Physics 108, 109
2. One course chosen from Chemistry 345, 347, 350, and 365

Mathematics 221 and Physics 109 must be completed by the end of
the sophomore year; Chemistry 262 must be completed by the end of the
junior year. Chemistry 254 and Mathematics 222 are recommended.
Additional courses required as prerequisites for completion of the above
include Mathematics 101 and 102, or their equivalents.

The major in chemistry leading to a specialized Bachelor of
Science with Special Attainments in Chemistry degree certified by the
American Chemical Society requires completion of 61 credits as follows.
1. Chemistry 111, 112, 210, 241, 242, 243, 244, 250, 252,
261, 262, 266, 267, 311, 350, 351, 471. These courses must be completed
with a 2.000 grade-point average or higher.
2. Mathematics 221, 222
3. Physics 108, 109

Students pursuing this degree must complete six credits in
English (usually covered by the general education requirements in
composition and literature). Mathematics 221 and Physics 109 must be
completed by the end of the sophomore year; Chemistry 262 must be
completed by the end of the junior year. Additional advanced courses in
chemistry, Mathematics 332, and either German 261-262 or Russian 261-262
are highly recommended in preparation for graduate school. Additional
courses required as prerequisites for completion of the above include
Mathematics 101 and 102, or their equivalents.

The major in chemistry-engineering leading to a Bachelor of
Science degree is designed for students interested in the field of
chemical engineering. The requirements are described under Engineering."

ENGLISH
(effective with all catalogs beginning with 1994-95)
"A major in English leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree
requires 36 credits and successful completion of the senior comprehensive
examination. The credits must include:
1. Six credits from the surveys..."

HISTORY
"2.b. United States, Canada, and Latin America (330-369).
Because of the accessibility of primary materials in American history,
the 15 credits must include one course from three of the following six
groupings: History 331; History 342; History 344 or 346; History 348 or
368; History 361 or 367; and History 366."

MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES
"3. 30 credits chosen from the following courses, with no
fewer than nine credits at the 300 or 400 level. Majors must complete at
least four courses in one area, at least two courses in two other areas,
and at least one course in the fourth area. These courses must be
distributed among the four areas as follows:
a. History and History of Science: History 302, 304,
315, 316, 317, 318; Physics 150; and, when appropriate, History 329, 403;
Medieval and Renaissance Studies 395, 403; and Physics 403
b. Literature: English 312, 313, 314, 316, 318, 319,
320; French 311, 313; German 318, 334; Latin 327; Literature in
Translation 255, 269; Spanish 208, 211, 311, 313; and, when appropriate,
English 380-384, 403; French 395, 403; German 395, 396, 403; Italian 403;
Literature in Translation 295, 395; Medieval and Renaissance Studies 395,
403; and Spanish 395, 403
c. History of Ideas: Philosophy 221 (Classics 221),
222; Politics 265; Religion 204, 225, 241, 261; and, when appropriate,
Medieval and Renaissance Studies 395, 403; Philosophy 395, 403; Politics
396, 403; and Religion 295, 381, 384, 403
d. Fine Arts: Art 205, 206, 250, 251, 285, 330;
Music 131, 331; and, when appropriate, Art 380, 403; Medieval and
Renaissance Studies 395, 403; and Music 374, 423"

NEUROSCIENCE
"A major in neuroscience leading to a Bachelor of Science degree
requires the completion of at least the following 50 credits:
1. Biology 112, 215, 220, Chemistry 241, 242, Neuroscience
120, 395, Psychology 111, 180, 253
2. either Biology 250 or 365
3. either Psychology 255 or 257
4. at least nine credits chosen from the following...
Biology 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 492-496
Chemistry 421, 422, 423, 433, 436, 439, 471, 472, 473, 493
Computer Science 251 (Engineering 251)
Psychology 353, 355, 357, 431, 432, 433, 473, 493"


Policy information:

Additions

(May 1996) pages 56 and 57, Grades, governing repeats when a student
withdraws - effective May 1996

page 56, new Paragraph 3.E - "Withdrawal while
repeating a course will entitle students to receive grades of WP or WF
and to have the original grade and credit, if any, reinstated."

(relabel paragraph 3.E defining WP and WF grades as
paragraph F.)

page 57, revise paragraph 4.C - "... If the
student drops the course before its completion, the grade of record will
be F and will be treated as any other grade received in that term.
Withdrawal from the University while repeating a course reinstates the
original grade and credit, if any. Degree credit is awarded only once
for any course."

(February 1996) page 89, Study Abroad - effective February 1996
approved formal institutional affiliation with the
Advanced Studies in England program


Revisions

(November 1996) page 76, General Education requirements - effective
September 1997
"4. Fine Arts, History, Philosophy, and Religion. A
student must take at least 12 credits, which may include
Interdepartmental 101 and must include courses from at least two of the
following four areas: ... "

(December 1996) page 63 and 64 - effective January 1997

"UNIVERSITY POLICY ON HAZING
Washington and Lee University prohibits hazing by all
students and campus organizations. Hazing is defined as a harassing,
excessive task associated with initiation or membership in an
organization. It involves mistreatment of prospective members by those
who exercise control over them.

Because hazing is contrary to the institutional values
and goals of Washington and Lee University, and is a criminal offense in
the Commonwealth of Virginia, the University will not tolerate hazing by
students or student organizations. Furthermore, the University will hold
individuals strictly accountable for their actions. The following
activities are prohibited: physical abuse such as paddling, striking,
branding, electric shock or bodily contact with harmful substances;
intimidation by threats of physical or other abuse; excessive exercise or
other tasks intended to cause physical exhaustion; prolonged or
repetitive tasks which result in sleep deprivation; prolonged or
harmful exposure to the elements; compelled consumption of any amount of
alcohol; compelled consumption of food, liquids or concoctions intended
to cause nausea; and any task which requires the participant to violate
the law or University policies. This list does not and cannot encompass
every circumstance which will cause the University to discipline a
student for hazing. However, students must be aware that participation
in the above listed activities will result in disciplinary action,
including suspension or dismissal from the University. Furthermore,
they must understand that consent or acquiescence of those who are hazed
is not a defense for engaging in this illegal practice.

Procedures
All cases of suspected hazing will be reported to the
Dean of Students. The Dean will charge the Director of University
Security with conducting an investigation of the alleged hazing
incident. Students are expected to cooperate fully with this
investigation in the spirit of the Honor System. The Director of
University Security will report the findings of his investigation to the
appropriate judicial body.

If the investigation finds no evidence of hazing but does
uncover other violations of regulations governing pledgeship established
by the Interfraternity Council/Panhellenic Council or Student Conduct
Committee or violations of the rules of other student organizations, the
Director of University Security will send his investigative report to the
appropriate judicial body for its review and action. The Interfraternity
Council and Panhellenic Council are responsible for all other
regulations governing pledgeship for prospective new members of
fraternity and sorority chapters respectively and for sanctioning
chapters that violate those rules. The Student Conduct Committee is
responsible for reviewing cases of other student organizations and for
sanctioning those organizations and individual students when appropriate.

If the investigation finds evidence of hazing, the
Interfraternity Council/Panhellenic Council or Student Conduct Committee
will suspend immediately and indefinitely all activities related to
pledgeship or a new member program. The Director of University Security
will submit his report to the Student Affairs Committee Hearing Board
with a charge to conduct hearings for those students who are subject to
disciplinary action. The SAC Hearing Board will be composed of three
faculty members -- all faculty members of SAC except the senior faculty
member (who is a member of the University Board of Appeals) -- and three
student members of SAC -- the Head Dormitory Counselor, the President of
the Student Bar Association and either a) the President of the Student
Conduct Committee, if the alleged hazing incident involves students from
a Greek organization, or b) the President of the Interfraternity Council
or the President of the Panhellenic Council, if the alleged hazing
incident involves students from a non-Greek student organization. The
SAC Hearing Board will be chaired by the faculty member (of the three on
the Hearing Board) with SAC seniority.

The Chair of the SAC Hearing Board will provide each
student with written notice of the charges and will schedule a Board
hearing with each accused student at which time the student will be
permitted to submit a written response to the charges, provide an oral
statement, and present witnesses. After completing the individual
hearings, the SAC Hearing Board will evaluate the evidence and make a
decision which may include dismissal, suspension, referral to the Student
Conduct Committee or other appropriate judicial bodies as warranted by
the circumstances of each case, or acquittal. The minimum penalty for
hazing will be immediate suspension from the University. If applicable,
the suspended individual will be reported to the appropriate national body.

The complainant, the accused and the Director of
University Security have a right to appeal the decision of the SAC
Hearing Board to the University Board of Appeals (Dean of Students,
senior faculty member of the Student Affairs Committee, and President of
the Student Body). Grounds for appeal include, but are not limited to,
inappropriate penalty, lack of fair process, or new information. The
appeal of the case must be made in writing to the University Board of
Appeals within 72 hours of the SAC Hearing Boards decision. The
University Board of Appeals will have the final decision.

In addition to the University Policy on Hazing, all
Washington and Lee students and student organizations are subject to the
Commonwealth of Virginia statute on Hazing (Virginia Code 18.2-56).

Hazing is a criminal offense in Virginia and any person found
guilty of hazing is subject to a Class 1 misdemeanor, unless the injury
would be such as to constitute a felony, and in that event the punishment
shall be inflicted as is otherwise provided by law for the punishment of
such felony. Any person receiving bodily injury by hazing or
mistreatment shall have a right to sue, civilly, the person or persons
guilty thereof, whether adults or infants.

Furthermore, in serious hazing cases or in cases where
evidence is not forthcoming, the President of the University may refer
the case to the Commonwealth Attorney of Rockbridge County.

This University Policy on Hazing will be reviewed by the
Student Affairs Committee during the Fall Term 1997."


Deletions



Miscellaneous information:

The Pre-medical Studies Committee has been renamed the Health
Professions Advisory Committee.