CHANGES IN CATALOGUE INFORMATION

Caution: The course offerings and requirements of Washington and Lee
University are under continual examination and revision. This catalogue is
not a contract; it merely presents the offerings and requirements in effect
at the time of publication and in no way guarantees that the offerings and
requirements will not change. The University specifically reserves the
right to change requirements for any major during any particular year.
Whenever changes in course offerings or requirements occur, students
will be notified by a posting outside the Office of the University
Registrar. The individual student assumes full responsibility for
compliance with all academic requirements. Current course offerings may be
obtained from the appropriate department. Current major and degree
requirements may be obtained from the University Registrar, the Dean of the
College, the Dean of the Ernest Williams II School of Commerce, Economics,
and Politics, or from the head of the appropriate department.

GENERAL INFORMATION

This catalogue presents, subject to change, the courses that can
reasonably be expected to be offered during the 1996-97 academic year.
A course is the minimum amount of work in a given subject for which
credit is granted. Each course is indivisible and has a separate number and
separate grade for each term. A course extends through a single term, but
successive term courses may be so connected that no credit for one of them
is given until all are completed. Such "linked" courses are indicated by
the use of a connecting hyphen (e.g. 101-102). The credits awarded for each
course are within parentheses after the course number. Thus Philosophy
101(3) indicates a one-term course granting three credits; French
111-112(8), a two-term, linked course granting eight credits.
The term in which each course is offered and whether the class has a
laboratory meeting are cited below the description of the course.
Some courses are given only in alternate years. In such cases, the
course listing is bracketed and accompanied by an indication of the year in
which it is to be given, if known.
The departmental listing of faculty is presented alphabetically by
rank with the department head listed first in the appropriate rank.
Courses are numbered on the following basis:
100-199 - Introductory courses or course sequences ordinarily taken by
freshmen or sophomores.
200-299 - Intermediate courses or course sequences with or without
prerequisites ordinarily taken by sophomores or juniors.
300-399 - Advanced courses or course sequences, with specified
prerequisites (courses, class standing, or special permission) ordinarily
taken by juniors or seniors. Students may be admitted to advanced courses
(1) if they have met the prerequisite, or (2) in exceptional cases, with
the approval of the department and the appropriate dean.
400-499 - Independent work (directed studies, directed projects,
tutorials, internships, seniors theses, and honors theses).


Permission to substitute courses in major requirements may be granted
in exceptional circumstances by the department or program committee through
its head.

Note: Courses with a * meet a General Education requirement. To determine
which General Education requirement a course satisfies, see listing on
pages 75 and 76.

ACCOUNTING

PROFESSORS GREEN, WHEELER
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR KING
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OLIVER

MAJOR

A major in business administration and accounting leading to a
Bachelor of Science with Special Attainments in Commerce requires 36
credits, as follows:
1. Management 203 (Economics 203), 205, 211, 217, 221, 375
2. 18 credits from among Accounting 211, 320, 321, 330, 340, 355,
360, 395, 396

See Business Administration and Accounting Group (Page 97).

Note: All candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Science with Special
Attainments in Commerce must take Accounting 201, 202, and Economics 101,
102 as background work.

HONORS: An Honors Program in accounting is offered for qualified
students; see department head for details.

ACCOUNTING 100 (3) - Accounting for Non-majors
Prerequisite: Freshman or sophomore standing or permission of the
instructor. May not be used to fulfill major requirements in business
administration or business administration and accounting. This course will
focus on information and skills necessary to interpret companies' financial
statements. The basic principles of financial accounting are covered and
are then applied to the interpretation of a company's performance as
revealed through its financial statements. Textbooks, articles from the
popular press, and financial statements will be used. Oliver.
Spring

ACCOUNTING 201 (3) - Introduction to Financial Accounting
Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. The fundamental principles
of financial accounting. An introduction to the process of accumulating,
classifying, and presenting financial information. Primary emphasis is
given to understanding the financial statements of a business enterprise.
Staff.
Fall, Winter

ACCOUNTING 202 (3) - Introduction to Managerial Accounting
Prerequisite: Accounting 201. The preparation and utilization of
financial information for internal management purposes. Special emphasis is
given to cost determination, cost control, and the development of
information for planning and decisions. Staff.
Winter, Spring

ACCOUNTING 211 (3) - Financial Statement Analysis
Prerequisites: Accounting 202 and permission of the instructor.
Students work to prepare an industry and a company analysis. Through
presentations, written analyses and extensive work using computer
spreadsheets and databases, students learn to analyze and interpret
financial statements of publicly traded companies. Staff.
Spring

ACCOUNTING 320 (3) - Intermediate Accounting I
Prerequisite: Accounting 202. A study of the principles of financial
accounting as applied to financial statement presentation and the
underlying treatment of cash, investments, receivables, inventory,
long-term assets, and intangible assets. Oliver.
Fall

ACCOUNTING 321 (3) - Intermediate Accounting II
Prerequisite: Accounting 320. Accounting for liabilities and
stockholders' equity. Other financial reporting issues: income taxes,
accounting changes and errors, revenue measurement, leases, pensions, cash
flows, financial statement disclosure, earnings per share, and changing
prices. Green.
Winter

ACCOUNTING 330 (3) - Cost Accounting
Prerequisite: Accounting 202. Selected topics from cost accumulation,
planning, reporting, control and decision-making. Use of microcomputer
spreadsheets is required. King.
Fall

ACCOUNTING 340 (3) - Advanced Accounting
Prerequisite: Accounting 321. Accounting for business combinations and
partnerships; segment and interim reporting; foreign currency transactions
and translation of foreign currency financial statements; governmental and
nonprofit accounting. Green.
Fall

ACCOUNTING 355 (3) - Taxation Accounting
Prerequisite: Accounting 201. An analysis of federal income tax laws.
Development of conceptual awareness of federal income tax structure and tax
planning. Emphasis is on developing a student's ability to determine
solutions to tax difficulties confronting individuals. Wheeler.
Winter

ACCOUNTING 360 (3) - Auditing
Prerequisites: Accounting 321 and senior standing. A study of auditing
principles and their application to the examination of financial
statements. King.
Winter

ACCOUNTING 395 (3) - Seminar in Accounting
Theory
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Accounting 321. The conceptual framework of accounting;
measurement, valuation, and realization of assets; valuation and
recognition of liabilities; ownership structure and valuation of equity
accounts; measurement of revenue and expense; miscellaneous financial
accounting topics. Green.
Spring

[ACCOUNTING 396 (3) - Seminar in International
Accounting]
(Spring 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Accounting 321. The nature and growth of multinational
enterprises; international financial reporting differences and their
causes; foreign currency transactions and translation of foreign currency
financial statements; accounting consequences of differing inflation rates
among countries; international accounting standards. Green.

ACCOUNTING 401 (1), 403 (3), 406 (6) - Directed Individual Study
Prerequisites: 12 credits in accounting courses numbered above 202,
either a cumulative grade-point average of 3.0 or of 3.0 in all accounting
courses, and permission of the instructor. The objective is to permit
students to follow a course of directed study in some field of accounting
not presented in other courses, or to emphasize a particular field of
interest. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different.
Fall, Winter, Spring

ACCOUNTING 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Fall-Winter


ANTHROPOLOGY
(See Sociology and Anthropology)


ART

PROFESSORS SIMPSON, STENE
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS OLSON-JANJIC, O'MARA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR BENT

MAJOR

A major in art history leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires
completion of at least 40 credits in art as follows:
1. Art 101, 102, 121, 431
2. Art 122 or 131; Art 473 or 493 (3-3)
3. at least 21 credits from the following, including at least one
course in each group:
a. Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque: Art 200 (Classics
200), 205, 206, 250, 251, 252, 285, 287 (Classics 287), 302, 330, 380
b. East Asian: Art 140, 240, 241, 340, 341, 390
c. American and 19th- and 20th-century European: Art 202, 203,
261, 301, 302, 306, 307, 380
4. three additional credits chosen from among studio art courses

A major in studio art leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires
completion of at least 40 credits in art as follows:
1. Art 102, 121, 217, 431
2. Art 122 or 131; Art 473 or 493 (3-3)
3. three credits chosen from Art 231, 232, 331, and 332
4. 15 additional credits from studio art courses
5. six credits chosen from among art history courses, including
three credits chosen from Art 203, 307, or 380 (when the topic is
20th-century art)
6. a faculty review of the student's studio work in the junior year

All art history courses require the permission of the department.

All studio courses require the permission of the instructor.

HONORS: An Honors Program in art is offered for qualified students;
see department head for details.

*ART 101 (3) - Survey of Western Art:
Ancient to Renaissance
Chronological survey of Western art from the Paleolithic Age through
the Renaissance in Italy and Northern Europe. Examination of cultural and
stylistic influences in the art and architecture of ancient Mesopotamia,
Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Consideration of distinct interests in early
Christian, Byzantine, Medieval and Renaissance Europe. Focus on major
monuments and influential images produced up to circa 1600. Bent.
Fall
*ART 102 (3) - Survey of Western Art:
Baroque to the Present
Chronological survey of Western art from the end of Mannerism through
the 1990s. Topics include the cultural and stylistic origins of the
Baroque and Rococo, the Neo-Classical reaction, Romanticism and Naturalism,
the Barbizon School and Realism, Impressionism and its aftermath, Fauvism,
Cubism, Dada, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop, Minimalism, and the
Post-modern reaction to Modernism. O'Mara.
Winter

*ART 121 (3) - Drawing I
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A studio course.
Development of skills and visual awareness through the study of the basic
elements of drawing. Variety of media including pencil, charcoal, ink and
crayon. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic, Stene.
Fall, Winter

*ART 122 (3) - Drawing II
Prerequisites: Art 121 and permission of the instructor. A studio
course. Continuation of Art 121. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic.
Winter

*ART 131 (3) - Design
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A studio foundation
course. Emphasis is on discussion of principles and elements of design
common to all the visual arts. Discussion is followed by practice in studio
problems. Lab fee required. Stene.
Fall, Winter

*ART 140 (3) - Asian Art
An introduction to the study of architecture, sculpture, painting,
prints, and decorative arts of India, China, Korea, and Japan. Slide
lectures. O'Mara.
Fall

*ART 200 (Classics 200) (3) - Ancient Art
(Alternate years)
A survey of art and architecture in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the
pre-Classical Aegean world as well as an introduction to Greek and Roman
painting, sculpture, and architecture. Bent.
Winter

*ART 202 (3) - 19th-Century European Art
Sculpture and painting from the French Revolution to 1900. Slide
lectures. O'Mara.
Fall

*ART 203 (3) - 20th-Century European Art
Sculpture and painting in Europe from 1900 to 1950. Slide lectures.
Simpson.
Fall

*ART 205 (3) - Early Christian and Byzantine Art (Alternate years)
Survey of the art of the Eastern Mediterranean, beginning with the
Christianized Roman Empire from circa 300 to circa 500. Attention then
shifts to the establishment of the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople, with
an emphasis on the innovations of the Age of Justinian, the era of
Iconoclasm, the Macedonian Renascence, and the Comnenian and Paleologian
periods. Slide lectures. Bent.
Winter

*[ART 206 (3) - Medieval Art]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Survey of the art of Western Europe from circa 700 to circa 1400,
examined within the context of the varying political, intellectual, and
cultural movements of the Middle Ages. Topics of discussion include
Carolingian and Ottonian painting and architecture, Celtic and Anglo-Saxon
manuscripts, and French cathedral design and decoration during the
Romanesque and Gothic periods. Slide lectures. Bent.

*ART 217 (3) - Painting I
Prerequisites: Art 121 and permission of the instructor. A studio
course. Emphasis on color, design and spatial relationships. Work from
observation and imagination. Oil and acrylic. Lab fee required.
Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter

*ART 218 (3) - Painting II
Prerequisites: Art 217 and permission of the instructor. A studio
course. Continuation of Art 217. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter
Spring 1997 and alternate years

*ART 221 (3) - Figure Drawing I
Prerequisites: Art 121 and permission of the instructor. A studio
course. Drawing from the human figure using a variety of media. Lab fee
required. Olson-Janjic.
Winter 1997 and alternate years
Spring 1998 and alternate years

*ART 222 (3) - Figure Drawing II
Prerequisites: Art 221 and permission of the instructor. A studio
course. Continuation of Art 221 with emphasis on the use of the human
figure as a compositional element. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic.
Winter 1997 and alternate years
Spring 1998 and alternate years

*ART 231 (3) - Sculpture I
Prerequisites: Art 131 and permission of the instructor. A studio
course. An introduction to sculpture techniques, tools and materials.
Studio problems will develop skills in working with wood, stone, clay, and
metal. Lab fee required. Stene.
Fall, Winter

*ART 232 (3) - Sculpture II
Prerequisites: Art 231 and permission of the instructor. A studio
sculpture course. Studio problems will concentrate on one medium, e.g.
stone, wood, clay, or metal. Contemporary concerns in sculpture will be
explored through readings and presentations by students. Lab fee required.
Stene.
Fall, Winter

*[ART 240 (3) - Arts of China]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
A survey of traditional Chinese art from its beginnings through the
Qing dynasty. Includes architecture, sculpture, bronzes, and ceramics as
well as painting. Slide lectures. O'Mara.

*ART 241 (3) - Arts of Japan
(Alternate years)
A survey of Japanese art from its beginnings through the Edo period.
Includes architecture, gardens, sculpture, prints, ceramics, and other
decorative arts as well as painting. Slide lectures. O'Mara.
Winter

*ART 250 (3) - Northern Renaissance Art
(Alternate years)
A survey of Northern painting from 1300 to 1600, examined as symbols
of political, religious, and social concerns of "Renaissance" artists,
patrons, and viewers. Among the artists covered are Campin, van Eyck, van
der Weyden, D�rer, Holbein, and Brueghel. Emphasis placed on interpretation
of meaning and visual analysis. Slide lectures. Bent.
Fall

*ART 251 (3) - Italian Renaissance Art
Survey of the art and architecture of Italy during the 15th and 16th
centuries. The course focuses on innovations of the Early, High, and Late
Renaissance through the work of Brunelleschi, Donatello, Alberti, Leonardo,
Bramante, Titian, Raphael, Michelangelo, and others. Images are considered
as exponents of contemporary political, social, and religious events and
perceptions. Slide lectures. Bent.
Winter

*[ART 252 (3) - Baroque and Rococo Art]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
A survey of the art and architecture of Europe during the 17th and
18th centuries. The course focuses on the stylistic and ideological issues
shaping western art during the age of Rembrandt and Tiepolo. This course
considers the stylistic innovations of Caravaggio, Bernini, Rubens,
Velasquez, Poussin, Watteau, and Boucher, as well as the function of - and
interest in - artistic production within the context of 17th- and
18th-century society. Slide lectures. Bent.

*ART 261 (3) - History of Photography
An introduction to the technical, aesthetic, and social history of
photography in the 19th and 20th centuries. Slide lectures. Staff.
Winter

*ART 285 (3-3) - Art of the Cities of Northern
Italy, 1250-1550
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Required corequisite: All
students must register for three additional credits of independent study
arranged with a W&L department in advance of the spring term. The art and
culture of the cities of the North during the Renaissance. Visits to the
important churches, museums, galleries, palaces, villas, public buildings,
and plazas of Milan, Como, Parma, Verona, Vicenza, Padua, Venice, Ferrara,
Mantua, Florence, Siena, Cortona, Arezzo, Perugia, Assisi, and Rome.
Readings, reports, and a term paper are required. Pellicciaro.
Spring

*[ART 287 (Classics 287) (6 or 3-3) - Supervised
Study Abroad: Athens]
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Classics, art history,
and/or studio in Greece. The credits may be distributed in any way between
art and classics, or three credits may be earned in an approved independent
study course in any department including classics. Application must be made
before November 15 and deposit before December 5. Staff.

*[ART 295 (3) - Topics in Printmaking]
(Not offered in 1996-97)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor and either Art 121 or 131.
A studio course. Lab fee required. In various years emphasis will be given
to lithography, relief, silkscreen or etching. May be repeated for degree
credit with permission and if the topics are different. Stene.

*ART 301 (3) - American Architecture
Building in the United States from Colonial times to the present.
Slide lectures and individual research projects. Simpson.
Winter

*[ART 302 (3) - The Art and Architecture of England]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
The painting, sculpture and architecture of England from the medieval
period to the 20th century. Slide lectures. Simpson.

*ART 306 (3) - American Art to 1900
(Alternate years)
Sculpture and painting in the United States from Colonial times to the
20th century. Slide lectures. Simpson.
Fall

*ART 307 (3) - 20th-Century American Art
Sculpture and painting in the United States from 1900 to the present.
Slide lectures. Simpson.
Winter

*ART 317 (3) - Painting III
Prerequisites: Art 218 and permission of the instructor. A studio
course. For studio art majors. Continuation of the formal structure of
painting with emphasis on developing the expression and style of the
individual student. Expand awareness of contemporary concerns in art. Lab
fee required. Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter
Spring 1997 and alternate years

*ART 318 (3) - Painting IV
Prerequisites: Art 317 and permission of the instructor. A studio
course. Continuation of Art 317. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter
Spring 1997 and alternate years

*ART 320 (3) - Painting V
Prerequisites: Art 318 and permission of the instructor. A studio
course. A continuation of Art 318. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter
Spring 1997 and alternate years

*ART 321 (3) - Painting VI
Prerequisites: Art 320 and permission of the instructor. A studio
course. A continuation of Art 320. Lab fee required. Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter
Spring 1997 and alternate years

*[ART 330 (3) - Medieval Art in Italy]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Art 101 or permission of the instructor.
Art and architecture of the Italian peninsula, from circa 1200 to 1400.
This colloquium addresses issues of patronage, artistic training and
methods of production, iconography, and the function of religious and
secular imagery. Topics of discussion include the construction of Tuscan
cathedrals and civic buildings; sculpture in Siena, Pisa, and Rome; and
painting in Assisi, Padua, and Florence. Slide presentations. Bent.

*[ART 331 (3) - Sculpture III]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Art 131 and permission of the instructor, with Art 221
highly recommended. A studio course. Problems are designed to develop an
awareness of form relationships in the human figure and to gain an
understanding of how they relate to design principles and elements. Lab fee
required. Stene.

*ART 332 (3) - Sculpture IV
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Art 232 and permission of the instructor. A studio
course. A continuation of Art 232 with emphasis on in-depth studio
problems. Further readings and presentations in contemporary sculpture. Lab
fee required. Stene.
Winter

*[ART 340 (3) - The History of Chinese Painting]
(Not offered in 1996-97)
Prerequisites: Art 140 or permission of the instructor. The history of
Chinese pictorial expression from its pre-painting beginnings through the
painting of the modern period. Slide lectures. O'Mara.

*[ART 341 (3) - The History of Japanese Painting]
(Not offered in 1996-97 )
Japanese painting from its beginnings through the Edo period. Slide
lectures. O'Mara.

*ART 380 (3) - Seminar in Art History
Prerequisites: Three credits in art history and permission of the
instructor. Research in selected topics in art history with written and
oral reports. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different. Staff.
Spring

*ART 390 (3) - Seminar in East Asian Art
Prerequisites: Art 140 or permission of the instructor. Selected
topics in East Asian art. Includes guided research, reports, term paper,
and possible visit to the Freer and Sackler Galleries in Washington, D.C.
May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are
different. O'Mara.
Spring

ART 401 (1), 402 (2), 403 (3) - Directed Individual
Study
Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Individual or class study
of special topics in art history. May be repeated for degree credit with
permission and if the topics are different. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

ART 423 (3) - Directed Studio Projects
Prerequisites for projects in sculpture: Art 331, 332 and permission
of the instructor. Stene. Prerequisites for projects in painting: Art 320,
321 and permission of the instructor. Olson-Janjic. Guided studio work for
the art major. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different. Stene, Olson-Janjic.
Fall, Winter, Spring

ART 431 (1) - Senior Thesis Tutorial
An exploration of methodology, bibliography, criticism, and
contemporary issues as preparation for the senior thesis project. Required
of all majors. Art and library faculty.
Fall

ART 456 (6) - Museum Internship I
Prerequisites: 3.0 grade-point average and recommendation of the
department head. An introductory training program in a museum. Application
must be made before February 1. Staff.
Spring

ART 466 (6) - Museum Internship II
A continuation of Art 456. Staff.
Spring

ART 473 (3) - Senior Thesis
Prerequisite: Art 431. An art history thesis or a presentation of
creative work. A thesis abstract or a portfolio with a written statement of
objectives must be presented to the department for consideration by
September 30. Staff.
Winter

ART 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and senior standing. An art history
thesis or a studio project. Application for the honors candidacy must be
made by May 1 of the junior year. A thesis abstract or portfolio with a
written statement of the objective must be presented at this time. A 3.3
cumulative grade-point average is required. The culmination is an oral
defense of the thesis project. Staff.
Fall-Winter


ASTRONOMY
(See Physics)


BIOLOGY

PROFESSORS HURD, NYE, WIELGUS
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS KNOX, RUSSELL, SIMURDA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR I'ANSON

MAJOR

The department offers a Bachelor of Arts major, a Bachelor of Science
major and a major concentration within the Interdepartmental Major in the
Natural Sciences and Mathematics. Students contemplating any of these
should, during the first term of their freshman year, register for
Mathematics 101 and a laboratory science course in the biology or chemistry
departments. Proficiency in English is as important in science as in any
other field and is required by many professional and graduate schools.

B.A. major: The biology major leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree
consists of 41 credits as follows:
1. Biology 111, 112, 182, 340, Chemistry 111
2. either Biology 215 or Chemistry 112
3. at least 15 credits chosen from the following and not used to
satisfy the above requirements, including at least one from each category
and two laboratory courses (indicated by *):
a. Cellular and Molecular Biology: Biology 210, 215*, 220*,
310*, 320*, 396
b. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology: Biology 230*, 235*, 240*,
245*, 330*, 345*
c. Structural and Functional Biology: Biology 250, 255, 260*,
350, 355*, 362*, 365*, 397
4. six credits in mathematics, or three credits in mathematics and
Economics/Management 201

Biology 182 should be completed during the freshman year, but must be
completed before the end of the sophomore year for prospective biology
majors.

B.S. major: The biology major leading to a Bachelor of Science degree
consists of 50 credits in science and mathematics, with at least 30 credits
in biology. The major must include the following:
1. Biology 111, 112, 182, 295; Chemistry 242; Mathematics 102;
Physics 109
2. at least 20 additional credits among biology courses at or above
the 200 level. This must include at least nine credits at the 300 level,
including at least one laboratory course

Biology 182 should be completed during the freshman year, but
must be completed before the end of the sophomore year for prospective
biology majors.

Additional courses required as prerequisites for completion of the
above include Chemistry 111, 112, and 241, Mathematics 101, and Physics
108.

Courses in statistics and computer programming are strongly
recommended to all students preparing for graduate or professional school.

The Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science program in forestry and
environmental studies. The 3-2 plan in forestry and environmental studies
includes 16 credits in biology, eight credits in chemistry, four credits in
computer science, six credits in economics, nine credits in mathematics,
and eight credits in physics. See Page 83 for more information.

The Marine Science Education Consortium with the Duke University
Marine Laboratory. This program makes it possible for W&L biology majors to
spend one fall term at the Duke University Marine Laboratory in Beaufort,
N.C. Usually this term is during the junior or senior year. All credits
successfully completed will apply toward the major in biology and the
degree from Washington and Lee. See Page 90 for more information.

HONORS: An Honors Program in biology is offered for qualified
students; see department head for details.

*BIOLOGY 100 (4) - Introduction to Biology
Prerequisite: Departmental permission. Limited enrollment. An
introduction to the basic concepts of biology, beginning with the origin of
life and proceeding through molecules and cells to the organism and
ecosystem with emphasis on the biology of humans. Open only to non-biology
majors. Credit may not apply toward the biology major or the
interdepartmental major in the natural sciences and mathematics. Laboratory
course. Nye.
Spring

*BIOLOGY 111 (4) - General Biology I
Prerequisite: Departmental permission. Basic concepts of molecular and
cellular biology, physiology and development of animals and plants.
Emphasis on evolution, characteristics of living systems, and common
problems of survival among Earth's life forms. Appropriate for prospective
science majors. Laboratory course. Staff.
Fall

*BIOLOGY 112 (4) - General Biology II
Prerequisite: Departmental permission. General principles of genetics
and evolutionary biology, survey of biodiversity, and ecology. Emphasis on
micro- and macro-evolutionary processes responsible for diversification of
life on Earth. Appropriate for prospective science majors. Laboratory
course. Staff.
Winter

BIOLOGY 182 (1) - Use and Understanding of
Biological Literature
Prerequisite: Departmental permission. An introduction to the
information resources in the biological sciences as well as the aims and
format of writing in the sciences. Basic computer skills are taught.
Biology 182 must be completed by the end of the sophomore year by
prospective biology majors. Biology Staff and Library Staff.
Fall, Winter

BIOLOGY 210 (3) - The Biology of Animal Parasites
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and departmental permission. A survey of
the phenomenon of animal parasitism including discussion of the chief
distinguishing structures, life cycles, and functions of major pathogenic
parasites infecting humans and other animals. Simurda.
Spring
BIOLOGY 215 (4) - Cell and Molecular Biology
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and departmental permission. Limited
enrollment. A study of the molecular basis of cell structure and function.
The laboratory emphasizes techniques for use in current biochemical
research. Laboratory course. Wielgus.
Winter

BIOLOGY 220 (4) - Genetics
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and departmental permission. Limited
enrollment. A study of the three main branches of modern genetics: 1)
Mendelian genetics, the study of the transmission of traits from one
generation to the next; 2) molecular genetics, a study of the chemical
structure of genes and how they operate at the molecular level; and 3)
population genetics, the study of the variation of genes between and within
populations. Laboratory course. Russell.
Fall

*BIOLOGY 230 (6) - Field Botany
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and permission of the instructor.
Departmental permission is also required as enrollment is limited. A study
of the diversity, classification, and distribution, of American vascular
plants. Through extensive field work the student learns to use technical
floristic works to identify plants. A field trip is taken to tropical
forests in Central America. No other course may be taken concurrently. No
more than five credits may be counted toward the major in biology.
Laboratory course. Either Biology 230 or 345 may be used to satisfy major
requirements but not both. Knox.
Spring

*BIOLOGY 235 (4) - Survey of the Plant Kingdom
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and departmental permission. Limited
enrollment. A survey of the plant kingdom. Emphasis is on phylogenetic
relationships and evolution of the various groups comprising the plant
kingdom. In addition to lectures and laboratories, short field trips are
taken to various local areas. Laboratory course. Nye.
Winter

*[BIOLOGY 240 (4) - General Zoology]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and departmental permission. A survey of
the animal phyla and how animals function, reproduce and interact with
their environment. Laboratory course. Hurd.

BIOLOGY 245 (4) - General Ecology
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and departmental permission. Limited
enrollment. An introduction to the study of interactions between organisms
and their environments. Topics are arranged hierarchically: a) evolution
and elementary population genetics; b) population dynamics and regulation;
c) interspecific competition, predation, parasitism and symbiosis; d)
community structure, energy and material flux in ecosystems. Emphasis is on
ecology as a scientific process rather than merely a collection of
information about natural systems. Laboratory course. Hurd.
Fall
BIOLOGY 250 (3) - Vertebrate Endocrinology
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and departmental permission. A study of the
chemoregulatory mechanisms of the vertebrates; emphasis is on biochemical
and cellular as well as physiological aspects of hormone action. Wielgus.
Spring

[BIOLOGY 255 (3) - Reproductive Physiology]
(Spring 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Biology 112. An examination of sex as a biological
phenomenon with consideration of the genetic (chromosomal), embryological,
endocrine, and neurological bases of sexual development, differentiation,
and identity. I'Anson.

[BIOLOGY 260 (4) - Anatomy and Physiology]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and permission of the instructor. Limited
enrollment. An introduction to the structure, function and homeostasis of
the major organ systems of humans. Laboratory exercises include basic
histology, dissection of the cat with comparisons to human anatomy, and
physiology of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary systems.
Wielgus.

BIOLOGY 295 (1) - Topics in Biology
Prerequisites: Biology 112, 182, junior standing and departmental
permission. Seminar topics vary with instructor and term. Sample topics
include: Genetics, Molecular Genetics, Virology, evolutionary biology,
history of medicine, biology of aging, ecology, cancer, microbiology and
immunology. These are in-depth studies of restricted topics within the
broad areas indicated by the titles, involving critical review of
literature, discussion and oral and/or written presentation. One such
seminar is required of each major pursuing a Bachelor of Science degree,
and no more than two may be counted toward the 30 credits in biology
required for the major. May be repeated for degree credit with permission
and if the topics are different. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

BIOLOGY 310 (4) - Microbiology
Prerequisites: Biology 220, and either Chemistry 241 or 244 and
departmental permission. A broadly-based course in the study of
micro-organisms: specifically prokaryotic cells, microbial diversity, and
the effects of microbes in the world, in society and in the bodies of
animals and plants. It concerns the central role of microbiology as a basic
biological science that enhances our understanding of the biology of higher
organisms. Laboratory course. Simurda.
Winter

BIOLOGY 320 (4) - Molecular Genetics
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Biology 220 or Chemistry 244 and departmental
permission. This course reviews the molecular structures and mechanisms
underlying the utilization of genetic information by complex organisms. The
information covered includes an overview of the molecular basis of heredity
and a scan of recombinant DNA technology, however emphasis is placed on
study of the molecular anatomy, expression and regulation of genes. The
laboratory provides an opportunity for hands-on experience with several
recombinant DNA techniques. Russell.
Spring
BIOLOGY 330 (4) - Experimental Botany
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and departmental permission. Lectures
explore the practice of plant systematics, mechanisms of plant evolution,
some aspects of plant genetics including plant genetic engineering, the
role of hormones in the control of plant development, C-4 and CAM
photosynthesis, conservation botany, and a review of selected research
papers. Lab includes a term research project, plus three field trips
intended as a brief introduction to the local flora. Laboratory course.
Knox.
Fall

BIOLOGY 340 (3) - Evolution
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and departmental permission. The history of
evolutionary thought, evidences for evolution, the mechanisms of evolution,
and the evolution of humans. Knox.
Winter

BIOLOGY 345 (6) - Field Trip to the
Galapagos Islands
Prerequisites: Biology 240 or 340 and departmental permission.
Organized field trip to the Galapagos Islands and Ecuador. The program
includes an inter-island cruise, the ascent of a volcano, research in the
intertidal environment, and a visit to a tropical rain forest in mainland
Ecuador. Details of the program will be announced by the department. No
more than five credits may be counted toward the major in biology. Either
Biology 230 or 345 may be used to satisfy major requirements but not both.
Laboratory course. Hurd.
Spring

BIOLOGY 350 (4) - Immunology
Prerequisites: Biology 220, Chemistry 242 or 244, and departmental
permission. Limited enrollment. A study of the structural and functional
aspects of the immune system from the perspective of cellular and
developmental biology; the biochemical and structural properties of
antibodies and the possible origins of their diversity; and
immunopathology. Simurda.
Fall

BIOLOGY 355 (4) - Histology
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and permission of the instructor. A study
of the normal microscopic structure of the mammalian body with emphasis
placed on structural and functional correlations. Laboratory work includes
the study of prepared tissue and the preparation of tissues for microscopy.
Laboratory course. I'Anson.
Fall

BIOLOGY 362 (4) - Comparative Animal Physiology
Prerequisites: Biology 240 and departmental permission. Limited
enrollment. A comparative study of functional processes of animals,
primarily vertebrates, and their environmental interactions. Laboratory
emphasis is on functional adaptations and the use of physiological
instrumentation in measuring functional processes. Laboratory course.
I'Anson.
Winter

BIOLOGY 365 (4) - Developmental Biology
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Biology 112 and departmental permission. Limited
enrollment. A survey of the developmental process from gametogenesis to
senescence with emphasis on molecular development. Laboratory work includes
the descriptive embryology of the frog, chick, pig and selected
invertebrates. Laboratory course. Wielgus.
Fall

BIOLOGY 396 (3) - Selected Topics in Virology
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Biology 220 and departmental permission. An
introduction to the genetics, biochemistry, structure and pathology of
animal viruses. Topics may include RNA viruses, DNA viruses, tumor-inducing
viruses, or retroviruses, among others. May be repeated for degree credit
with permission and if the topics are different. Russell.
Winter

BIOLOGY 397 (3) - Selected Topics in
Neuroendocrinology
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Biology 250, 260 or 362, junior standing and
departmental permission. A study of the interaction between the nervous
system and the endocrine system, with special reference to regulation and
communication in the mammal. Topics may include neuroendocrine regulation
of development, the role of the adrenal axis in stress, metabolic
regulation of reproduction, or biological rhythms, among others. May be
repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
I'Anson.
Spring

BIOLOGY 422 (2), 423 (3), 424 (4), 425 (5), 426 (6) -
Directed Individual Research
Prerequisites: Departmental permission. Each student, with the
guidance of a faculty member, plans the research, does the requisite
literature search, carries out the experimental procedures, and writes a
report in scientific journal format. No more than four credits may be
counted toward the 30 credits in biology required of biology majors. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

BIOLOGY 442 (2) - Honors Thesis Proposal
Prerequisite: Honors candidacy. Writing a proposal for honors thesis
research, including a clear statement of the problem being studied, a
literature review, and a feasible, detailed plan for the research. This
must be taken no later than the winter term of the junior year. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

BIOLOGY 492 (2), 493 (3), 494 (4), 495 (5), 496 (6) - Honors Thesis
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and Biology 442. Laboratory and/or
field research resulting in an honors thesis. A total of six credits is
required with no more than four credits allowed toward the 30 credits in
biology required of biology majors. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring


CHEMISTRY
Bayly Foundation

PROFESSORS PLEVA, GOEHRING
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS ALTY, DESJARDINS
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS FRANCE, UFFELMAN

MAJOR

Students planning to major in chemistry may enroll in any of four
programs offered by the department.

B.A. Major. The requirements are completion of Chemistry 206, 207,
241, 242, 243, and 261; Physics 108 and 109; and nine credits chosen from
biology, chemistry (above 200), geology, or physics (above 150).
Mathematics 101 and 102 are prerequisites for Chemistry 261.

B.S. Major. The requirements are completion of 32 credits in chemistry
courses numbered above 200, including Chemistry 206, 207, 210, 241, 242,
243, 261, 262, and 311; and 345, 350 or 365. Physics 108 and 109 and
Mathematics 221 are prerequisites for Chemistry 262. (Mathematics 222 is
recommended.) The program must include any additional credits in the
sciences or mathematics to total 50 credits in sciences and mathematics.

B.S. with Special Attainments in Chemistry. The requirements of this
specialized degree, which is certified by the American Chemical Society,
are:
Chemistry 111, 112, 206, 207, 210, 241, 242, 243, 244, 261, 262, 266,
267, 311, 312, 350, 351 and 471; and 345 or 365 (chemistry courses must be
completed with a grade-point average of 2.00); Mathematics 221, 222 (332 is
recommended); Physics 108 and 109. (Additional advanced courses are
recommended.)
Electives must include six credits in English, and German 261, 262 or
Russian 261, 262 are highly recommended in preparation for graduate school.

B.S. Major in Chemistry-Engineering. The requirements for this
program, which is designed for students interested in the field of chemical
engineering, are described under Engineering.

HONORS: An Honors Program in chemistry is offered for qualified
students; see department head for details.

*CHEMISTRY 100 (4) - Modern Descriptive
Chemistry
Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Enrollment limited. An
elementary study of the structure and reactions of molecules. Laboratory
work illustrates some fundamental procedures in chemistry. Designed for
non-science students fulfilling general education requirements or desiring
a science elective. No credit given for this course if a 200-level
chemistry course has been successfully completed. Laboratory course.
Desjardins.
Fall

*CHEMISTRY 104 (Physics 104) (3) - The Conceptual Foundations of Quantum
Theory
An introduction to what is currently the fundamental theory of nature.
Quantum behavior is considered in the context of classical (Newtonian)
notions of waves and particles and is applied to atomic, molecular, and
nuclear systems. The practical and philosophical implications of quantum
theory are considered in detail. No mathematics beyond high school algebra
is assumed. Desjardins, Williams.
Winter

*CHEMISTRY 105 (3) - Foundations of Chemistry
An historical review of the development of chemistry, with emphasis on
the applications of chemistry during its development. Designed particularly
for non-science students fulfilling general education requirements or
desiring a science elective. (May not be used for credit in the
interdepartmental major in the natural sciences and mathematics.) Staff.
Spring

*CHEMISTRY 106 (3) - Disorder and Chaos
An elementary introduction to the concepts underlying non-linear
dynamics and statistical thermodynamics. Emphasis is placed on examining
physical and social systems using both deterministic (dynamic) and
statistical (Monte Carlo) approaches. Practical implementation of these
methodologies is achieved through the use of computer modelling and
simulation. Topics include computer simulation methods, deterministic chaos
and fractal geometry, and information theory. No previous computer
experience is required. Desjardins and Pleva.
Spring

*CHEMISTRY 111 (4) - General Chemistry
The fundamental principles of general chemistry, with emphasis on
atomic and molecular structure, phases of matter, and energy relations.
Laboratory work includes qualitative inorganic analysis. No previous
knowledge of chemistry is required, though it is advantageous. Laboratory
course. Goehring, Uffelman, Pleva.
Fall

*CHEMISTRY 112 (4) - Aqueous Inorganic
Quantitative Chemistry
Prerequisite: Chemistry 111. A continuation of Chemistry 111, with
emphasis on inorganic systems exhibiting aqueous solution equilibria.
Topics covered include acid/base, redox, complexation, and precipitation
reactions, along with solution kinetics. Laboratory work emphasizes
techniques of chemical quantitative analysis and data handling. Designed
for students planning to continue with more advanced science courses.
Laboratory course. Goehring, Pleva.
Winter

[CHEMISTRY 201 (2) - Analytical Chemistry I]
(Not offered in 1996-97)
Corequisite: Chemistry 122. Introduction to techniques of chemical
analysis; the course includes data handling, gravimetric analysis, and
acid-base volumetric analysis. Laboratory course. Pleva.
[CHEMISTRY 202 (2) - Analytical Chemistry II]
(Not offered in 1996-97)
Prerequisite: Chemistry 201 with C grade or better. Continuation of
Chemistry 201 with emphasis on methods in redox, complexometric, and
precipitation volumetric analysis and with an introduction to instrumental
methods of analysis. Laboratory course. Pleva.

[CHEMISTRY 205 (1) - Literature of Chemistry]
(Not offered in 1996-97)
Prerequisite: Chemistry 112. Systematic training in the use of the
chemical library. Staff.

CHEMISTRY 206 (2) - Survey of the Periodic Table
Prerequisite: Chemistry 111. Corequisite: Chemistry 112 or permission
of the instructor. A descriptive survey of the groups of the Periodic
Table, and the application of principles of chemistry to descriptive
inorganic chemistry. Uffelman.
Winter

CHEMISTRY 207 (2) - Synthesis of Inorganic
Complexes
Prerequisite: Chemistry 206. This course continues the discussion of
transition metal chemistry begun in Chemistry 206, and introduces inorganic
synthetic techniques involving main group polymer chemistry, inorganic
stereochemistry, and bio-inorganic synthesis. Laboratory course. Uffelman.
Spring

CHEMISTRY 210 (2) - The Structure and
Reactivity of Molecules
Prerequisites: Chemistry 112 and Mathematics 102. An introduction to
the basic physical principles underlying molecular structure and chemical
reactivity, with an emphasis on organic molecules. Topics include molecular
potential energies and charge distributions as both the basis of molecular
geometry and a guide to reactive behavior. Quantum mechanical pictures of
molecules are also considered, both in the molecular orbital and valence
bond approaches. Computational methods including molecular mechanics,
molecular dynamics, and semi-empirical quantum mechanics are discussed and
applied to example systems. Desjardins.
Spring

CHEMISTRY 241 (4) - Organic Chemistry I
Prerequisite: Chemistry 112. General theory of organic chemistry
directed toward the basic functional groups of organic compounds.
Laboratory work includes the preparation of typical organic compounds and
an introduction to organic qualitative analysis. This is the first course
of a sequence which will satisfy the entrance requirements of all medical
schools. Laboratory course. France.
Fall

CHEMISTRY 242 (4) - Organic Chemistry II
Prerequisite: Chemistry 241. A continuation of Chemistry 241.
Laboratory course. France.
Winter
CHEMISTRY 243 (3) - Organic Spectroscopic
Methods
Prerequisite: Chemistry 242. Introduction to mass spectroscopy,
ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy. Emphasis is on interpreting spectra to determine
structures of organic molecules. Laboratory work includes experiments on
the instruments to identify unknown organic molecules. Alty, France.
Spring

CHEMISTRY 244 (4) - Biochemistry
Prerequisite: Chemistry 242. A study of the structure, function,
biosynthesis and breakdown of biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic
acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Enzymes, biological membranes and
membrane transport, and regulation of metabolism are studied in greater
detail. Alty.
Fall

CHEMISTRY 261 (4) - Physical Chemistry I
Prerequisites: Chemistry 112 and Mathematics 102. An introduction to
classical thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. Biological applications of
thermodynamic principles will be emphasized with examples. Polymer and
enzyme kinetics will also be stressed. Desjardins.
Fall

CHEMISTRY 262 (4) - Physical Chemistry II
Prerequisites or Corequisites: Chemistry 210, 261, Mathematics 221,
and Physics 109. An introduction to quantum mechanics as it applies to
atomic and molecular systems. The emphasis is placed on spectroscopic
methods and the modern picture of chemical bonding and molecular structure.
Semi-empirical and ab initio quantum chemistry is considered in some
detail. The elements of statistical thermodynamics are considered with
regard to the structure of matter and chemical equilibrium. Desjardins.
Winter

CHEMISTRY 266 (1) - Physical Chemical
Measurements
Prerequisite or Corequisite: Chemistry 261. Laboratory work
illustrating the principles and instruments of physical chemistry.
Laboratory course. Desjardins.
Fall

CHEMISTRY 267 (1) - Physical Chemical
Measurements
Prerequisite: Chemistry 261. Laboratory work illustrating the
principles and instruments of physical chemistry. Laboratory course.
Desjardins.
Winter


SPECIAL TOPICS IN CHEMISTRY

The following four courses, Chemistry 281-284, are one-credit studies
of special topics to be selected from the list below by mutual consent of
the students and staff. Each has a prerequisite or corequisite of 16
credits in chemistry and requires permission of the department. Class
meetings will be arranged for two periods each week for six weeks. May be
repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Fall term topics: Solid State Chemistry, Use of Computer Software in
Chemistry.
Winter term topics: Medicinal Chemistry, Techniques in Theoretical
Physical Chemistry, Data Handling.
Spring term topics: Asymmetric Organic Synthesis, Nuclear Chemistry.

CHEMISTRY 281 (1) - Special Topics I
Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 282 (1) - Special Topics II
Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 283 (1) - Special Topics III
Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 284 (1) - Special Topics IV
Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 311 (2) - Advanced Analytical
Chemistry I
Prerequisite: Chemistry 262. Instrumentation in the chemical
laboratory. Taught in four three-week segments emphasizing spectroscopic,
chromatographic, potentiometric, and polarographic methods and equipment.
Laboratory includes experiments employing the instruments. This course
emphasizes potentiometric and polarographic methods and equipment.
Laboratory course. Pleva.
Fall - first six weeks

CHEMISTRY 312 (2) - Advanced Analytical
Chemistry II
Prerequisite: Chemistry 311. A continuation of Chemistry 311 with the
remaining two segments. Laboratory course. Pleva.
Fall - second six weeks

[CHEMISTRY 341 (1) - Organic Qualitative Analysis I]
(Not offered in 1996-97)
Prerequisite or Corequisite: Chemistry 242, Chemistry 201 highly
recommended. Laboratory work in organic qualitative analysis involving
reactions of functional groups. Laboratory course. Staff.

[CHEMISTRY 342 (1) - Organic Qualitative Analysis II]
(Not offered in 1996-97)
Prerequisite: Chemistry 341. Laboratory work in organic qualitative
analysis involving single unknowns. Laboratory course. Staff.

[CHEMISTRY 343 (1) - Organic Qualitative
Analysis III]
(Not offered in 1996-97)
Prerequisite: Chemistry 342. Laboratory work in organic qualitative
analysis involving mixtures. Laboratory course. Staff.

CHEMISTRY 345 (2) - Advanced Organic Chemistry
Prerequisite: Chemistry 242. A detailed study of the methods of
physical-organic chemistry as applied to the mechanisms of organic
reactions. Selected advanced topics. Alty.
Winter

CHEMISTRY 350 (3) - Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
Prerequisite or Corequisite: Chemistry 262. A study of selected
advanced topics emphasizing the application of physical chemical principles
to the study of inorganic systems. Uffelman.
Fall

CHEMISTRY 351 (1) - Advanced Inorganic Synthesis
Prerequisite or Corequisite: Chemistry 262. Laboratory work
illustrating techniques used in the synthesis and characterization of
inorganic compounds. Goehring.
Spring

CHEMISTRY 365 (2) - Advanced Physical Chemistry
Prerequisite: Chemistry 262. An introduction to phenomenological
transport theory and time dependent chemical systems. Applications to
industrial and biological systems are considered, with the emphasis
depending on the nature of student interest. Desjardins.
Winter

CHEMISTRY 421 (1), 422 (2), 423 (3) - Directed
Individual Research
Prerequisite: Chemistry 242 or permission of the instructor.
Literature search, conferences, tri-weekly reports and laboratory work on a
project supervised by the instructor and designed by the student and
instructor. A final written report on the project is required. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 433 (3), 436 (6), 439 (9) - Tutorial
Prerequisite: Honors candidacy or permission of the department.
Directed reading, conferences, laboratory experiments, and papers on topics
mutually agreeable to the student and the staff. Laboratory course. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 443 (3) - Honors Tutorial
Prerequisite: Honors candidacy with senior standing. Directed reading
and conferences in preparation for a comprehensive examination. Staff.
Spring

CHEMISTRY 471 (1), 472 (2), 473 (3) - Senior Thesis
Prerequisite: Senior standing in chemistry. Literature search,
conferences, reports and laboratory. Maximum of six credits. Laboratory
course. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

CHEMISTRY 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Prerequisite: Honors candidacy. Literature search, conferences,
reports and laboratory work resulting in a thesis exhibiting a significant
understanding of an important problem. Staff.
Fall-Winter

CHEMISTRY SEMINAR
Regular meetings of the staff and chemistry majors are held weekly
throughout the academic year to discuss selected topics. All interested
students are invited to attend.


CHINESE
(Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures)

PROFESSOR HILL

(Interested students should also consider East Asian Studies 100 (3) -
Introduction to Chinese Culture.)

CHINESE 111-112 (8) - Elementary Colloquial
Mandarin
An introduction to modern spoken and written Chinese. In addition to
classroom drill in speaking and reading, extensive use is made of both the
language laboratory and the computer in outside preparation. Hill.
Fall-Winter

CHINESE 113 (3) - Elementary Conversation
Prerequisite: Chinese 112 or the equivalent. This course is intended
to consolidate the material learned in Chinese 111-112 and to develop
fluency in speaking. It includes intensive conversational practice focused
upon specific themes with reinforcement through slides and movies. Each
week, the students, as a group, prepare a skit for video recording and
classroom analysis. Hill.
Spring

*CHINESE 261-262 (8) - Intermediate Chinese
Prerequisite: Chinese 111-112 or its equivalent. A continuation of
Chinese 111-112 with intensive drill in spoken Chinese closely coordinated
with the acquisition of Chinese characters and the translation of Chinese
texts. The language laboratory and computerized drills are used
extensively. Hill.
Fall-Winter

CHINESE 263 (3) - Chinese Language and Culture
Prerequisites: Chinese 262 or its equivalent and permission of the
instructor. This course focuses on the skills and knowledge needed for
continued work in Chinese. Students expand their vocabulary and control of
Chinese characters through intensive reading and translation and are
introduced to three additional transliteration systems useful in advanced
sinological work. Basic theoretical tools, practical techniques, and
information for interpretation of cultural phenomena are also supplied.
Course materials may be adapted to an individual's needs. Hill.
Spring

CHINESE 311 (3) - Advanced Chinese I
Prerequisites: Chinese 262 or the equivalent and permission of the
instructor. Advanced readings with discussion in Chinese. Course content
may be adjusted according to specific individual needs and may include an
introduction to and practice in the use of simplified characters. Hill.
Fall

*CHINESE 312 (3) - Advanced Chinese II:
Contemporary Fiction
Prerequisites: Chinese 311 or its equivalent and permission of the
instructor. This course combines translation from Chinese to English with
intensive practice in speaking and writing. The texts analyzed are modern
and unabridged literary works from both The Republic of China (Taiwan) and
the People's Republic of China. Hill.
Winter

*CHINESE 401 (1), 402 (2), 403 (3) - Directed
Individual Study
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Advanced study in Chinese.
The nature and content of the course will be determined by the students'
needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. This course meets the
general education requirement in literature only when the subject is
literary (area 3). Hill.
Fall, Winter, Spring



CLASSICS
(See also Greek and Latin)

Corcoran-Peabody Foundation

PROFESSOR TAYLOR
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PELLICCIARO

MAJOR

A major in classics leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires
completion of at least 36 credits, including the following, and the
comprehensive examination:
1. At least 18 credits in Greek and/or Latin with no more than six
credits at the 100-level
2. At least 12 credits chosen from the following:
Courses in Latin or Greek in addition to those used in 1.
above
Classics 200 (Art 200)
Classics 201 (Literature in Translation 201)
Classics 202 (Literature in Translation 202)
Classics 221 (Philosophy 221)
Classics 222 (Sociology 222)
Classics 287 (Art 287)
Classics 288
Classics 300 (History 300)
Classics 473, 493
History 109, 110, 111
Philosophy 141, 152, 222
Religion 102
Independent study courses approved in advance by the
department
3. A comprehensive examination administered in the senior year

HONORS: An Honors Program in classics is offered for qualified
students. See department head for details.

CLASSICS 101 (3) - English Derivatives from
Latin and Greek
A study of Latin and Greek combining forms in English. The course aims
to develop a large recognition vocabulary among that portion (about 60
percent) of English words which is derived from Latin and Greek. Taylor.
Spring

CLASSICS 103 (1) - Greek and Roman Elements in Scientific English
A study of the form and meaning of the Latin and Greek stems and
affixes most frequently found in scientific terminology. Taylor.
Winter

*CLASSICS 200 (Art 200) - Ancient Art
(Alternate years)
A survey of art and architecture in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the
pre-Classical Aegean world as well as an introduction to Greek and Roman
painting, sculpture, and architecture. Bent.
Winter
*CLASSICS 201 (Literature in Translation 201) (3) - The Greek and Roman
Myths
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A study in English of the
ancient myths in their narrative forms using ancient and modern
compilations. A consideration of the structure of the major myths through
an examination of selected literary and artistic works. Slide lectures.
Staff.
Fall

*CLASSICS 202 (Literature in Translation 202) (3) - Greek and Latin Epic,
Lyric, and
Dramatic Literature in Translation
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Reading of a body of works
in translation and independent study by students in literary topics and/or
forms which interest them. Staff.
Winter

*CLASSICS 221 (Philosophy 221) (3) - Plato
(Alternate years)
A close study of one or several dialogues. Pemberton.
Winter

CLASSICS 222 (Sociology 222) (3) - Structural
Linguistics
A course concerning the nature of natural languages, the elements of
which they are composed, and how they may be analyzed on the levels of
sound, grammar, and meaning. The attention is to language as a particular
kind of human knowledge. Accordingly, what we know best, English, is the
particular language considered throughout the course. Ability in a foreign
language is not expected of students who enroll. Pellicciaro.
Winter

*[CLASSICS 287 (Art 287) (6 or 3-3) - Supervised Study Abroad: Athens]
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Classics, art history,
and/or studio in Greece. The credits may be distributed in any way between
art and classics, or 3 credits may be earned in an approved independent
study course in any department including classics. Application must be made
before November 15 and deposit before December 5. Staff.

*[CLASSICS 288 (6 or 3-3) - Supervised Study
Abroad: Rome and Ancient Italy]
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Offered subject to
student interest and faculty availability. This course will trace the
growth of Rome and Roman civilization from its modest beginnings to its
glory during the Republic and Empire. Lectures and readings will prepare
students for daily visits to sites, excavations, monuments and museums in
Rome and its environs, and to locations in the Bay of Naples area. Credits
may be split between classics and other disciplines with the approval of
the departments involved. Application must be made by November 15
(financial aid recipients need to contact that office before November 1)
and deposits before November 29. Taylor.
*CLASSICS 300 (History 300) (3) - Seminar in
Ancient History
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructors. A
consideration of the major Greek and Roman historians, the influence of
various literary and philosophical conventions on the development of their
method, and their approach to selected problems in ancient history
evaluated in the light of modern historical research. Sanders and Taylor.
Winter

CLASSICS 401 (1), 402 (2), 403 (3) - Directed
Individual Study
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different.

CLASSICS 421 (1), 422 (2), 423 (3) - Directed
Individual Research
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different.

CLASSICS 473 (3) - Senior Thesis
Prerequisites: Senior standing, major in classics, and permission of
the department. The student researches and writes a senior thesis under
the direction of a faculty member.
Fall, Winter

CLASSICS 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Prerequisite: Honors candidacy.
Fall-Winter



COGNITIVE SCIENCE

PROFESSOR ELMES*
*Head of the Cognitive Science Program

MAJOR

A major in cognitive science leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree
requires the completion of at least 43 credits including the following:
1. Core courses: Cognitive Science 110, 395, 403, 473, Computer
Science 111, 301, Philosophy 106, 313, Psychology 112, 180
2. Four courses chosen from one of the following tracks:
a. Formal Systems in Cognitive Science: Computer Science 295
(LISP, PROLOG or C), 303, 315, Psychology 207
b. Philosophical Foundations of Cognitive Science: Philosophy
205, 255, 305 (Psychology 305), 312, Sociology 222 (Classics 222)
c. Experimental Cognitive Science: Psychology 207, 251, 252,
254, 255
d. Cognitive Neuropsychology: Neuroscience 120, Psychology 111,
253, 255

Additional courses required as prerequisites for the completion of the
above core include Computer Science 110 and Mathematics 121. Psychology 111
is a prerequisite for Psychology 255 in the Experimental Cognitive Science
track.

Cognitive Science courses are as follows; for course descriptions, see
the appropriate departmental listings:
Classics 222 - Structural Linguistics
Cognitive Science 110 - Introduction to Cognitive Science
Cognitive Science 395 - Special Topics in Cognitive Science
Cognitive Science 403 - Directed Individual Study
Cognitive Science 473 - Senior Thesis
Computer Science 111 - Fundamentals of Data Structures
Computer Science 211 - Data Structure and Algorithms
Computer Science 295 - Language Laboratory
Computer Science 313 - Theory of Computation
Computer Science 315 - Artificial Intelligence
Neuroscience 120 - Introduction to Neuroscience
Philosophy 106 - Symbolic Logic
Philosophy 205 - Philosophy of Language
Philosophy 255 - Philosophy of Science
Philosophy 305 - Speech and Cognition
Philosophy 312 - Theory of Knowledge
Philosophy 313 - Philosophy of Mind
Psychology 111 - Brain and Behavior
Psychology 112 - Cognition
Psychology 180 - Research Design and Analysis
Psychology 207 - A Psychological Approach to Artificial
Intelligence
Psychology 251 - Experimental Psychology: Learning and Retention
Psychology 252 - Experimental Psychology:
Perception
Psychology 253 - Physiological Psychology
Psychology 254 - Experimental Psychology:
Language and Thought
Psychology 255 - Human Neuropsychology
Psychology 305 - Speech and Cognition
Sociology 222 - Structural Linguistics

*COGNITIVE SCIENCE 110 (3) - Introduction to Cognitive Science
This course introduces the student to the information processing
approach of cognitive science by examining the ability to understand and
produce language from the perspectives of computer science, linguistics,
neuroscience, philosophy, and psychology. Staff.
Spring

COGNITIVE SCIENCE 395 (3) - Special Topics in Cognitive Science
Prerequisites: Cognitive Science 110 and six credits chosen from
Computer Science 111, 301, Philosophy 106, 313, Psychology 112, 180. This
seminar provides the advanced student with a more thorough knowledge of the
methods of cognitive science. The course focuses on a specific cognitive
capacity - spatial memory, word recognition, sentence processing, or visual
pattern recognition, for instance - and compares competing information
processing models, examining how they can be tested in the laboratory and
by computer simulation. Topics will vary and may be determined, in part, by
student interest. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if
the topics are different. Staff.
Fall

COGNITIVE SCIENCE 403 (3) - Directed
Individual Study
Prerequisites: Cognitive Science 395 or permission of the Cognitive
Science program adviser. Conferences, in-dependent reading, and research
leading to a topic for the senior thesis. This course is taken by all
Cognitive Science majors in preparation for the senior thesis. Cognitive
Science faculty.
Fall

COGNITIVE SCIENCE 473 (3) - Senior Thesis
Prerequisite: Cognitive Science 403. Cognitive Science faculty.
Winter


COMPUTER SCIENCE

PROFESSOR WHALEY
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR LAMBERT
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR VERMEER

MAJOR

A major in computer science leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree
requires completion of at least 40 credits, including the following:
1. Computer Science 110, 111, 130, 210, 211, 312, 313; Mathematics
121
2. either Computer Science 423 or 493 (3-3)
3. either Mathematics 102 or 122
4. one course chosen from Computer Science 315, 317, 330, 332, 340,
397
5. completion of one of the following groups:
a. six additional credits in computer science
b. three additional credits in computer science and, with
approval of a student's computer science adviser, nine credits from a
cognate area such as accounting, economics, engineering, management,
mathematics or physics. Examples of appropriate cognate work are available
from the department head

Students should consult with an adviser in the department when
choosing courses to fulfill requirement 5b. above.

A major in computer science leading to a Bachelor of Science degree
requires completion of at least 50 credits, including the following:

1. Computer Science 110, 111, 130, 210, 211, 312, 313; Mathematics
121, 222
2. either Computer Science 330 or 332
3. either Computer Science 423 or 493 (3-3)
4. six additional credits in computer science
5. six additional credits in mathematics at the 200-level or above

Additional courses required as prerequisites for completion of the
above include Mathematics 101 and 102.

In order that the discrete mathematics requirement for Computer
Science 212, 301, and 303 be completed in a timely fashion, freshmen
expecting to major in computer science are encouraged to take Mathematics
121 in their freshman year.

HONORS: An Honors Program in computer science is offered for qualified
students; see the department head for details.

*COMPUTER SCIENCE 101 (4) - Survey of
Computer Science
A Cognitive Science course. An examination of some of the major areas
of computer science such as computer organization, algorithms and data
structures, programming, and the theory of computation. Weekly meetings
will include lectures and a laboratory session. Staff.
Fall, Spring

*COMPUTER SCIENCE 110 (4) - Fundamentals of
Programming
A Cognitive Science course. This course is a disciplined introduction
to programming. Emphasis is on problem solving methods and algorithm
development. A high level programming language will be taught, as well as
how to design, code, debug, and document programs using techniques of good
programming style. Staff.
Fall, Winter

*COMPUTER SCIENCE 111 (3) - Fundamentals of
Data Structures
Prerequisite: Computer Science 110. Continuation of Computer Science
110. Further development of discipline in program design, in style and
expression, in debugging and testing, especially for larger programs.
Introduction of algorithm analysis, string processing, recursion, internal
sort/search methods, and simple data structures. Staff.
Fall, Winter

COMPUTER SCIENCE 130 (3) - Unix Software Tools
Prerequisite: Computer Science 111. An introduction to software tools
provided in the Unix operating system environment. Students use and program
the Z-shell Unix interface, use and customize the X-window environment,
edit text with emacs, and program on a Unix platform machine. Further
topics are selected from document typesetting with LaTeX, developing
documents for the World Wide Web, programming with the Perl language, using
Lex and Yacc to generate programs, and using other current Unix-based
software tools. Vermeer.
Spring

COMPUTER SCIENCE 210 (3) - Computer
Organization
Prerequisite: Computer Science 111. Multilevel machine organization
studied at the levels of digital logic, microprogramming, conventional
machine, operating system, and assembly language. Staff.
Fall

COMPUTER SCIENCE 211 (3) - Data Structures and Algorithms
Prerequisites: Computer Science 111 and Mathematics 121. Computer
representations of data structures as derived from mathematical models:
stacks, queues, linked lists. Access methods into data structures, such as
hashing and tree searching. Storage allocation and deallocation procedures.
Algorithms for manipulating such structures are introduced, analyzed, and
implemented by the student. Staff.
Winter
COMPUTER SCIENCE 251 (Engineering 251) (3) -
Laboratory Computer Applications
Techniques and application of digital data acquisition and automated
experimental control. The course is intended for any science major
interested in the use of computers in experimental work. Laboratory course.
Akins.
Fall

[COMPUTER SCIENCE 295 (1-3) - Language
Laboratory]
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. Introduction to a computer
language, which will be chosen according to needs of students and of other
Computer Science courses. Typical languages include Small talk, LISP,
PROLOG. May be repeated once for degree credit with permission and if the
languages are different. May only be used once toward the major
requirements. Staff.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 310 (Management 310) (3) -
Management Information Systems
Prerequisite: Junior standing. The objective is to build an
understanding of the value and uses of information systems for business
operations, management decision making, and strategic advantage. Topics
include basic systems concepts and major roles of information systems;
computer, telecommunications, and database management concepts; management
issues in the implementation of information systems including
international, security, and ethical considerations. Cline.
Winter

COMPUTER SCIENCE 312 (3) - Programming
Language Design
Prerequisites: Computer Science 111, 210, Mathematics 121. Formal
language description tools; Semantic concepts and syntactic constructs
appropriate to diverse applications. Comparison of several high-level
languages, such as FORTRAN, LISP, PASCAL, PROLOG, and their implementations
of these semantic and syntactic elements. Staff.
Fall

COMPUTER SCIENCE 313 (3) - Theory of
Computation
A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisites: Computer Science 111,
Mathematics 121, and one of Mathematics 102, 122 or Philosophy 106. A study
of the principles of computer science embodied in formal languages,
automata, computability, and computational complexity. Topics include
context-free grammars, Turing machines, and the halting problem. Staff.
Winter

[COMPUTER SCIENCE 315 (3) - Artificial
Intelligence]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Computer Science 301. Basic
concepts of robotics, theorem proving, natural language processing and
intelligent systems. Lambert.
[COMPUTER SCIENCE 317 (3) - Database
Management]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Computer Science 210 and 301. Entity-relationship,
network, hierarchical, and relational database models. Theory of functional
dependencies and normal forms for relational database design. A major
project to design and implement a database using a commercial package.
Whaley.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 330 (3) - Operating Systems
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Computer Science 210 and 301. Procedure initiation,
environment construction, re-entrancy, kernel functions, resource
management, input/output, file structures, security, process control,
semaphores and deadlock, and recovery procedures. The laboratory includes
the opportunity to examine and modify the internals of an operating system.
Staff.
Winter

[COMPUTER SCIENCE 332 (3) - Compiler
Construction]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Computer Science 210, 211, 312, and 313. Lexical
analysis, parsing, context dependence, translation techniques,
optimization. Students are expected to produce a compiler for a suitably
restricted language. Staff.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 340 (3) - Interactive
Computer Graphics
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Computer Science 211. A study of the underlying
techniques and algorithms used in the display and manipulation of graphics
images in an interactive environment. Topics include programming with Motif
and the X-window system, two- and three-dimensional viewing and
transformations, color models, and realistic rendering of images. A major
component of the course is the development and programming of a variety of
projects which demonstrate the topics discussed in class. Vermeer.
Fall

[COMPUTER SCIENCE 395 (1), 396 (2), 397 (3) -
Seminar]
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Readings and
conferences for a student or students on topics agreed upon with the
directing staff. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if
the topics are different. A maximum of six credits may be used toward the
major requirements.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 401 (1), 402 (2), 403 (3) -
Directed Individual Study
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Individual
conferences. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 423 (3) - Senior Project
The senior project is required of all majors in computer science.
Under exceptional circumstances it may be completed during the junior year.
The student must obtain approval of a project proposal, from a department
member, before registering for this course. The project requires planning,
design and implementation of a computer application, in such a way as to
integrate the material from other computer science courses and courses
outside computer science. Students who have a second major are encouraged
to design a project which makes use of material from the other major.
Fall, Winter, Spring

COMPUTER SCIENCE 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Prerequisites: Senior standing and honors candidacy. Staff.
Fall-Winter



EAST ASIAN LANGUAGES
AND LITERATURES
(See Chinese, Japanese, and Literature in Translation)

The Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures does not offer
a major, but two years of Chinese or Japanese are required as part of the
East Asian Studies major (see entry under that heading).
Students are urged to begin their East Asian language study as early
as possible, preferably in their freshman year.
Chinese and Japanese language students may apply for participation in
Washington and Lee's exchange programs in Hong Kong and Japan. By
arrangement with the University of Massachusetts, qualified students of
Chinese may study for the summer in Taiwan and/or may spend a semester or
an academic year or both in Taiwan or in the People's Republic of China.



EAST ASIAN STUDIES

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ROGERS*
*Head of East Asian Studies Committee

MAJOR

A major in East Asian studies leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree
requires the completion of 38 credits as follows:
1. Chinese 111-112 and 261-262 or Japanese 111-112 and 261-262
2. East Asian Studies 190 or another bibliographical
resources course, with the approval of the head of
the East Asian Studies Committee
3. One course from seven of the following eight groups (21 credits
total):
Art 240 or 241
Economics 285 or 286
History 103 or 104
History 380 or 383
Literature in Translation 218 or 221
Philosophy 168
Politics 224 or 225
Religion 103 or 208
In addition, all East Asian studies majors are expected to participate
in exit interviews to be scheduled during the spring term of their senior
year.

HONORS: An Honors Program in East Asian studies is offered for
qualified students; see program director for details.

East Asian studies courses are as follows; for course descriptions,
see the appropriate departmental listings:
Art 140 - Asian Art
Art 240 - Arts of China
Art 241 - Arts of Japan
Art 340 - The History of Chinese Painting
Art 341 - The History of Japanese Painting
Art 390 - Seminar in East Asian Art
Chinese 111-112 - Elementary Mandarin
Chinese 113 - Elementary Conversation
Chinese 261-262 - Intermediate Chinese
Chinese 263 - Chinese Language and Culture
Chinese 311 - Advanced Chinese I
Chinese 312 - Advanced Chinese II: Contemporary Fiction
Chinese 401, 402, 403 - Directed Individual Study
East Asian Studies 100 - Introduction to Chinese
Culture
East Asian Studies 190 - Bibliographical
Resources
East Asian Studies 201 - Supervised Study
in China
East Asian Studies 202 - Supervised Study
in Japan
East Asian Studies 473 - Senior Thesis
East Asian Studies 493 - Honors Thesis
Economics 285 - Japan's Modern Economy
Economics 286 - China's Modern Economy
Economics 399 - Special Topics in Economics
(when on Asia)
History 103 - Modern China: The Road
to Revolution
History 104 - The Rise of Modern Japan
History 380 - Japanese Civilization to 1800
History 381 - Seminar on Japan in World War II
History 383 - Chinese Civilization to 1800
History 384 - Seminar on the History of
Chinese Communism
Japanese 111-112 - Elementary Japanese
Japanese 261-262 - Intermediate Japanese
Japanese 301 - Advanced Japanese I
Japanese 302 - Advanced Japanese II
Japanese 311 - Readings in Japanese Literature I
Japanese 312 - Readings in Japanese Literature II
Japanese 401, 402, 403 - Directed Individual Study
Literature in Translation 218 - Chinese Literature
before the Republic
Literature in Translation 221 - Japanese Literature
Literature in Translation 231 - Seminar in
Japanese Literature
Philosophy 168 - Chinese Philosophy
Politics 224 - The Japanese Political System
Politics 225 - The Chinese Political System
Religion 107 - From Hinduism to Zen
Religion 208 - Japanese Religion and Society
Religion 217 - Religion, Wealth and Power
(term paper to focus on Japan)
Religion 218 - Comparative Religious Ethics
Religion 390 - Seminar in Asian Religion
Religion 396 - Seminar in the Sacred and the Social
(depending on topic for year)

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 100 (3) - Introduction to
Chinese Culture
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. This non-language course
is designed especially for freshmen and provides the student with basic
tools for understanding the country, its people, and its history. It
introduces the technical concept of culture as such and, inductively,
through analysis and discussion of works of art and literature, the main
elements that have informed Chinese culture and thought. It is intended to
be of general interest and to supply background for further study of China.
Audio-visual materials are used extensively throughout. Hill.
Winter

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 190 (1) - Bibliographical Resources
Prerequisite: Major standing or permission of the East Asian Studies
Committee. An introduction to bibliographical tools useful in the study of
China and Japan. This course is required of all majors and should be taken
as soon as possible after declaring the major. Degree credit is awarded for
only one 190 course regardless of academic discipline. Staff.
Fall

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 201 (6 or 3-3) - Supervised Study in China
Prerequisites: A G.P.A. of 2.5 and permission of the instructor. The
grade-point average requirement may be modified at the discretion of the
instructor. Courses on East Asia are recommended, particularly Chinese
111-112. The itinerary and specific content of this course will be
announced early in the fall term of each year in which it is given. Travel
will be to the People's Republic of China, Taiwan or Hong Kong, or to a
combination of these. The program includes supervised academic projects,
lectures by authorities on Chinese cultural history, and field trips to
points of historical and cultural interest as well as to those related to
the specific theme of the course. Students in majors other than East Asian
studies are encouraged to apply. Credits may be split between East Asian
Studies and other disciplines with approval of the departments involved.
Staff.
Spring

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 202 (6 or 3-3) - Supervised
Study in Japan
Prerequisites: A G.P.A. of 2.5 and permission of the instructor. The
grade-point average requirement may be modified at the discretion of the
instructor. Courses on East Asia are recommended, particularly Japanese
111-112. The itinerary and specific content of this course will be
announced early in the fall term of each year in which it is given. The
program includes supervised academic projects, lectures by authorities on
Japanese cultural history, and field trips to points of historical interest
as well as to those related to the specific theme of the course. Students
in majors other than East Asian studies are encouraged to apply. Credits
may be split between East Asian studies and other disciplines with approval
of the departments involved. Staff.
Spring

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 403 (3-3) - Directed
Individual Study
Prerequisite: Permission of the East Asian Studies Committee. Limited
to students who have unsuccessfully attempted an honors thesis.
Fall-Winter

EAST ASIAN STUDIES 473 (3) - Senior Thesis
Prerequisites: Senior standing as an East Asian studies major,
cumulative grade-point average of 3.0 or higher, and permission of an East
Asian studies faculty member serving as thesis director. This elective
course provides an opportunity for original research on a topic selected
with the thesis director. It is intended to allow the student to
consolidate and apply knowledge of the East Asian field in an area of
personal interest. Meetings are scheduled as the thesis director deems
necessary. Though not required, it is desirable for the student to have
completed a bibliog