CHANGES IN CATALOGUE INFORMATION

Caution: The course offerings and requirements of Washington and Lee
University are under continual examination and revision. This catalogue is
not a contract; it merely presents the offerings and requirements in effect
at the time of publication and in no way guarantees that the offerings and
requirements will not change. The University specifically reserves the
right to change requirements for any major during any particular year.
Whenever changes in course offerings or requirements occur, students
will be notified by a posting outside the Office of the University
Registrar. The individual student assumes full responsibility for
compliance with all academic requirements. Current course offerings may be
obtained from the appropriate department. Current major and degree
requirements may be obtained from the University Registrar, the Dean of the
College, the Dean of the Ernest Williams II School of Commerce, Economics,
and Politics, or from the head of the appropriate department.

GENERAL INFORMATION

This catalogue presents, subject to change, the courses that can
reasonably be expected to be offered during the 1996-97 academic year.
A course is the minimum amount of work in a given subject for which
credit is granted. Each course is indivisible and has a separate number and
separate grade for each term. A course extends through a single term, but
successive term courses may be so connected that no credit for one of them
is given until all are completed. Such "linked" courses are indicated by
the use of a connecting hyphen (e.g. 101-102). The credits awarded for each
course are within parentheses after the course number. Thus Philosophy
101(3) indicates a one-term course granting three credits; French
111-112(8), a two-term, linked course granting eight credits.
The term in which each course is offered and whether the class has a
laboratory meeting are cited below the description of the course.
Some courses are given only in alternate years. In such cases, the
course listing is bracketed and accompanied by an indication of the year in
which it is to be given, if known.
The departmental listing of faculty is presented alphabetically by
rank with the department head listed first in the appropriate rank.
Courses are numbered on the following basis:
100-199 - Introductory courses or course sequences ordinarily taken by
freshmen or sophomores.
200-299 - Intermediate courses or course sequences with or without
prerequisites ordinarily taken by sophomores or juniors.
300-399 - Advanced courses or course sequences, with specified
prerequisites (courses, class standing, or special permission) ordinarily
taken by juniors or seniors. Students may be admitted to advanced courses
(1) if they have met the prerequisite, or (2) in exceptional cases, with
the approval of the department and the appropriate dean.
400-499 - Independent work (directed studies, directed projects,
tutorials, internships, seniors theses, and honors theses).


Permission to substitute courses in major requirements may be granted
in exceptional circumstances by the department or program committee through
its head.

Note: Courses with a * meet a General Education requirement. To determine
which General Education requirement a course satisfies, see listing on
pages 75 and 76.

FRENCH
(Department of Romance Languages)

G. W. Custis Lee Foundation

PROFESSOR FRALIN
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS KNUDSON, KOBERSTEIN, LAMBETH
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR RADULESCU

MAJOR IN FRENCH

A major in French leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires
demonstrated proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, and
completion of at least 39 credits as follows:
1. Core courses (27 credits)
a. French 261 and 262
b. One course chosen from 195, 213, 215, 250, 285, 286, and 295
c. Two courses in prerevolutionary literature chosen from 311,
313, 314, 315, and 395
d. Two courses in postrevolutionary literature chosen from 321,
322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, and 396
e. One seminar chosen from 380, 381, 382, 383, and 397
f. One additional course numbered 195 or above
2. Related courses (12 credits) - completion of one
of the following groups:
a. At least 12 credits in a non-Romance language or through the
intermediate level in a non-Romance language not previously studied.
Students who wish to work in French and another Romance language are
advised to see the description of the Romance Language major below
b. 12 credits, with advance departmental approval, for courses
in art, English, history, philosophy,
politics, and literature in translation (except 258) or for
any other courses pertinent to the French major, including French
literature courses numbered 195 or above and beyond the 18 credits required
in the core above

MAJOR IN ROMANCE LANGUAGES

A major in Romance Languages leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree
consists of at least 33 credits as follows:
1. Completion of the core courses for either the French major or the
Spanish major
2. Completion of the intermediate level or its equivalent in a
second Romance language (French 152, 162, or Spanish 162, 164)
3. Six credits in the second language as follows:
a. if French, French 261 and 262
b. if Spanish, three credits from Spanish 207 and 208 and three
additional credits chosen from Spanish 207, 208, 211 and 212
Romance Language majors need not complete the "related courses"
requirement of either the French major or the Spanish major.
HONORS: An Honors Program in French is offered for qualified students;
see department head for details.

FRENCH 111-112 (8 or 5)* - Elementary French
Limited enrollment; departmental permission required. Emphasis on
listening comprehension and speaking, with gradual introduction of reading
and writing. Staff.
Fall-Winter

*Students who have two or more entrance units in French will receive the
lower credit indicated toward their degree requirements.

*FRENCH 151-152 (6) - Intensive Review:
Beginning and Intermediate French
Prerequisite: Departmental approval. A grammar review that includes
the development of listening, speaking, writing, and reading skills.
Students who have completed second-year proficiency in another language may
take French 151 or 152 for degree credit with permission of the department
head. Staff.
Fall-Winter

*FRENCH 161-162 (6) - Intermediate French
Prerequisite: French 112 or the equivalent in language skills.
Individualized grammar review with practical application of listening,
speaking, reading, and writing skills in the classroom. Staff.
Fall, Winter

FRENCH 195 (3) - Topics in Conversation and Culture
Prerequisites: French 152 or 162 or equivalent and permission of the
instructor. A third-year topics course offered when sufficient student
interest is expressed and when departmental personnel are available.
Possible topics: (1) French in the Washington and Lee media; (2) business
French; (3) French publicity; (4) French phonetics. May be repeated for
credit with permission and if the topics are different. Staff.
Fall, Winter

FRENCH 213 (3) - Atelier de conversation
Prerequisites: French 152 or 162 or equivalent and permission of the
instructor. Development of speaking skills pertaining to everyday
communication. Acquisition and use of practical vocabulary. Development of
pronunciation skills. Knudson.
Spring

FRENCH 215 (3) - Atelier de composition
Prerequisites: French 152 or 162 or equivalent and permission of the
instructor. Group-oriented and personalized instruction in written
communication, including French grammar, vocabulary and stylistics.
Koberstein.
Spring

FRENCH 250 (3) - Civilisation et culture fran‡aises
Prerequisites: French 152 or 162 or equivalent and permission of the
instructor. A study of the French people, their history, traditions, and
political and social institutions. Lambeth, Fralin, Radulescu.
Spring

FRENCH 261 (3) - Conversation et composition: cours avanc‚
Prerequisites: French 152 or 162 or equivalent and permission of the
instructor. Further development of conversational skills and beginning work
in free composition, with such grammar review and word study as might be
necessary. Staff.
Fall

*FRENCH 262 (3) - Introduction … la litt‚rature fran‡aise
Prerequisite: French 261 or equivalent. An introduction to French
literature and literary analysis based on a study of selected masterpieces,
with a thematic focus chosen by the instructor. Possible topics include (1)
Le Sublime et le grotesque … travers les siŠcles; (2) Un code de l'honneur;
(3) H‚ros et anti-h‚ros; (4) L'amour … travers les siŠcles; (5) Litt‚rature
et censure. Staff.
Winter

FRENCH 285 (3) - Supervised Study Abroad
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: French 152 or 162 or equivalent and permission of the
instructor. A period of direct exposure to the language, culture, and
people of France. Students live for six weeks with French families in
Paris. The program includes a broad spectrum of cultural activities, such
as lectures by native authorities, attendance at the theatre and excursions
to Versailles, Chartres, and the Loire Valley. Not only language majors but
any students fulfilling the requirements are encouraged to apply. Must be
taken in conjunction with French 286, or with an equivalent project carried
out in Paris and sponsored by some other department. Staff.
Spring

FRENCH 286 (3) - Supervised Study Abroad
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: French 152 or 162 or equivalent and permission of the
instructor. Supervised academic project mutually agreed upon beforehand by
director and student, usually dealing with some aspect of the language,
literature, culture or civilization of France. Taken in conjunction with
French 285. Staff.
Spring

FRENCH 295 (3) - Atelier avanc‚ de langue, litt‚rature et culture
Prerequisites: French 262 or equivalent and permission of the
instructor. A third-year topics or advanced grammar course. Possibilities
include (1) advanced French grammar, phonetics or theme et version; (2)
film production in French; (3) French business and government. May be
repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Staff.
Spring

*[FRENCH 311 (3) - Chefs-d'oeuvre de la litt‚rature fran‡aise du Moyen-Age
et de la Renaissance]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: French 262. An analysis of styles and themes in the
genres of medieval and Renaissance French literature. Study focuses on the
courtly romance or short story, medieval farce, Villon's poetry, Ronsard,
Du Bellay, Rabelais' Gargantua et Pantagruel, Jodelle's Cleopƒtre captive,
Garnier's Les Juives, and Montaigne's Essais. Fralin.

*FRENCH 313 (3) - Le Th‚ƒtre du dix-septiŠme
siŠcle
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: French 262. A study of the origins of the theatre in
France and its development through the 17th century, with emphasis on
Corneille, Racine and MoliŠre. Fralin.
Winter

*FRENCH 314 (3) - Prose et po‚sie de la p‚riode classique
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: French 262. A study of the development
of the novel during the 17th century supplemented by reading from poetry
and prose literature. Koberstein.
Fall

*[FRENCH 315 (3) - Les Romans de l'ƒge des lumiŠres]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: French 262. Readings from the prominent novelists of the
18th century, including the philosophers Diderot, Rousseau and Voltaire as
well as popular favorites such as Bernardin de St. Pierre and the Marquis
de Sade. Koberstein.

*FRENCH 321 (3) - La Po‚sie du dix-neuviŠme et du vingtiŠme siŠcle
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: French 262. A presentation and analysis of major French
poets and schools of the 19th and 20th centuries. Radulescu.
Winter

*[FRENCH 322 (3) - La Prose romantique]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: French 262. A study of the novel in France from 1800
through the era of Hugo, Balzac and Stendhal. Investigation of the new
sentimentalism and of reaction to existing socio-political structures as
well as a definition of the romantic hero and heroine. Koberstein.

*FRENCH 323 (3) - Le Roman fran‡ais de 1850 … 1930
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: French 262. A study of the evolution of the French novel
from Realism through Naturalism towards a new aesthetic in the early 20th
century. Representative novelists will include Flaubert, Zola, Gide and
Proust. Lambeth.
Fall

*FRENCH 324 (3) - Contes et nouvelles depuis la R‚volution
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: French 262. A partially individualized course combining
study of the French short story with development of the skills in speaking
and writing French. Staff.
Spring

*[FRENCH 325 (3) - Le Th‚ƒtre fran‡ais aprŠs 1930]
(Spring 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: French 262. Reading and discussion of the most important
works in this genre written between 1930 and the present with special
emphasis on Giraudoux, Sartre, Camus, and the Theatre of the Absurd. Staff.

*[FRENCH 326 (3) - Le Roman fran‡ais aprŠs 1930]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: French 262. Reading and discussion of the most important
novels and short stories of the period, including works of Malraux,
Mauriac, Saint-Exup‚ry, Sartre, Camus and Queneau. Staff.

*[FRENCH 327 (3) - L'Histoire du cin‚ma fran‡ais]
(Spring 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: French 262. A study of French cinema from its origins,
concentrating on the golden age in the 1930's and the renewal of the
Nouvelle Vague in the 1960's. Lambeth.

*FRENCH 328 (3) - Th‚ƒtre de l'absurde, th‚ƒtre de la derision
Prerequisites: French 262 or equivalent and permission of the
instructor. Reading and discussion of some of the main playwrights of
avant-garde French theatre from Jarry to Beckett and Ionesco. The
production and performance of one of the plays studied constitutes an
important part of the course. Interested students must contact the
professor during the winter term. Radulescu.
Spring

*[FRENCH 380 (3) - Pagnol par rapport … MoliŠre]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Nine credits chosen from courses numbered between 311
and 328. A seminar emphasizing imagery and Molieresque elements in plays
and novels of Marcel Pagnol. Study focuses on Pagnol's major works and on a
selection of MoliŠre's plays not examined in French 313. Fralin.

*[FRENCH 381 (3) - Questions onomastiques]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Nine credits chosen from courses numbered between 311
and 328. A survey of the development of French literature from the
Renaissance to the 20th century focused on the functioning of the proper
name. Koberstein.

*FRENCH 382 (3) - Le Th‚ƒtre fran‡ais, 1700-1930
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Nine credits chosen from courses numbered between 311
and 328. The development of the French theatre during the 18th and 19th
centuries, from the romantic drama of Hugo and Musset to the plays of the
"Th‚ƒtre Libre." Radulescu.
Fall

*FRENCH 383 (3) - Nouveau Roman et Nouvelle Vague
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Nine credits chosen from courses numbered between 311
and 328. A study of the esthetic principles of the avant-garde in French
literature and cinema of the 1950s and 1960s. Authors considered include
Sarraute, Duras, Robbe-Grillet and Butor; directors will include Bresson,
Resnais, Truffaut and Godard. Lambeth.
Winter

* FRENCH 395 (3) - Lectures pr‚r‚volutionnaires
A study of French literary works before 1789, with the particular
topic chosen by instructor or students. May be offered when sufficient
student interest is expressed and when departmental personnel are
available. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

* FRENCH 396 (3) - Lectures postr‚volutionnaires
Readings in literature of the 19th and 20th centuries, with topic
chosen by instructor or students. May be offered when sufficient student
interest is expressed and departmental personnel are available. May be
repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

* FRENCH 397 (3) - S‚minaire avanc‚
Prerequisite: Nine credits chosen from courses numbered between 311
and 328. Topic chosen by instructor or student. May be offered when
sufficient student interest is expressed and departmental personnel are
available. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

FRENCH 403 (3) - Directed Individual Study
Prerequisites: At least nine credits of 300-level French and
permission of the instructor. Nature and content of course to be determined
by students' needs and by instructors acquainted with their earlier
preparation and performance. May be repeated for degree credit with
permission and if the topics are different. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

FRENCH 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Interested students should see a member of the French faculty by
winter term of their junior year.
Fall-Winter


GEOLOGY


Robinson Foundation

PROFESSORS SPENCER, KOZAK, SCHWAB
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR HARBOR

MAJORS

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

A major in geology leading to a Bachelor of Science degree consists
of 50 credits as follows:
1. Geology 160, 210, 310, 330, 350, and a comprehensive examination
in geology; Chemistry 111, 112; Physics 108, 109
2. Geology 247 or 340
3. Additional courses to bring the total to 50 must be selected from
among Biology 111, 112; Geology 108, 209, 247, 275, 340, 373, 376 (or an
approved summer field course), 395, 396, 397, and 472 (four credits) or 493
(six credits)

Additional courses required as prerequisites for completion of the
above include Geology 100 or 101 and Mathematics 101.

Independent majors in geophysics or engineering geology may be
developed with guidance from the Geology Department for students interested
in these areas of study.

BACHELOR OF ARTS

A major in geology leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires 40
credits as follows:
1. At least 26 credits in geology including at least 16 credits
numbered 200 or above
2. Additional courses must be selected from among Accounting 201,
202; Biology 111 or higher; Chemistry 111 or higher; Computer Science 110
or higher; Economics 101, 102, 201; all engineering; all geology;
Management 201, 221; all mathematics; Philosophy 108; Physics 108 or
higher; Politics 230, 232

A major in environmental studies in geology is designed to provide
general background in environmental studies with emphasis on geological
aspects of the field. Graduate program in environmental studies and
environmental sciences are offered at many universities. Some of the
programs are centered around particular disciplines such as geology,
geography, ecology, engineering, or oceanography. Some are concerned with
public policy issues such as land use planning; others are truly
interdisciplinary. Students who expect to undertake scientific work in
environmental geology should complete the geology major leading to a
Bachelor of Science degree. Students with an interest in environmental
issues are advised to define their interests as precisely as possible and
to consult with faculty members regarding major and course selection.
The major in environmental studies in geology leading to a Bachelor of
Arts degree requires 40 credits as follows:
1. Geology 100 or 101
2. Geology 135, 160, 201, 247, and 340
3. Geology 397 or 472 (four credits) or 493 (six credits) on an
environmental topic
4. Additional courses must be selected from among Biology 111, 112,
230, 240, 245, 330; Chemistry 111; Economics 101, 102 (or 301 if not having
taken 101 or 102), 120; Geology 146, 210, 275, 310, 330, 350; Philosophy
108; Politics 230, 232.
HONORS: An Honors Program in geology is offered for qualified
students; see department head for details.

*GEOLOGY 100 (4) - General Geology
with Field Emphasis
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Same as Geology 101 with
special emphasis on field study in the region near Lexington. Contact the
instructor for additional information. No credit for students who have
completed Geology 101. Laboratory course. Spencer and Harbor.
Fall

*GEOLOGY 101 (4) - General Geology
The study of our physical environment and the processes shaping it.
The materials and structure of the earth's crust, the origin of the
landforms, the concept of geologic time, and the nature of the earth's
interior are considered. No credit for students who have completed Geology
100. Laboratory course. Staff.
Fall, Winter

*GEOLOGY 102 (3) - History and
Evolution of the Earth
An introductory examination of the origin and physical evolution of
the earth as inferred from the rock record. Areas of particular emphasis
include: (1) the origin of the solar system and differentiation of the
planets; (2) the evolution of the terrestrial atmosphere and hydrosphere;
(3) explanations for the development of life; (4) organic evolution and
interpretations of "mass extinctions"; (5) the changing configuration of
continental blocks and ocean basins by continental drift, sea-floor
spreading, and plate tectonics; and (6) the growth of continental blocks
and their mountain systems. Schwab.
Winter

*GEOLOGY 104 (3) - Planetary Geology
Large scale geological features of the earth will be examined and
compared with surface features visible on images of other planets and
planetary satellites of the solar system. Features examined include those
resulting from volcanism, impact cratering, and structure; eolian, fluvial,
glacial and periglacial processes; and mass movement. The composition of
terrestrial and lunar rocks and extraterrestrial objects is examined.
Models of the origin and evolution of planets and their satellites are
discussed. Kozak.
Spring

*GEOLOGY 108 (3) - Origin and Evolution of Life
A general survey of the science of paleontology summarizing the
changing character of the biosphere over the past four billion years as
documented by the fossil record. Major topics include the chemical origin
of early organisms; the Cambrian explosion of skeletonization and the
Paleozoic conquest of land; mass extinctions; the interplay between the
biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere; and the use of the fossil record for
tracking the origin, development and physical distribution of ancient
continental blocks and ocean basins. Students desiring experience in
recognition and practical identification from the fossil record should
register concurrently for Geology 209. Schwab.
Fall

*GEOLOGY 135 (1) - Meteorology
A brief survey of weather and climate including the physical
properties of air, planetary circulation, storms, and weather forecasting.
Spencer.
Winter

*[GEOLOGY 140 (3) - Geology of National Parks]
An introduction to the regional geologic phenomena of the United
States. Many of the national parks, which are chosen for rare geologic
conditions, are studied through readings, maps and photographs. Emphasis is
on parks covering formative geologic processes, including stream erosion
(Grand Canyon, Bryce Canyon), volcanic activity (Mt. Rainier, Hawaiian
Volcanoes), glaciation (Rocky Mountain, Glacier Bay), groundwater action
(Mammoth Cave) and tectonic uplift (Grand Tetons, Smokey Mountains).
Assignments include written reports, map evaluations, and interpretive
projects. Optional overnight field trip to the Shenandoah National Park.
Harbor.

*[GEOLOGY 146 (3) - Geology of Natural Resources]
Prerequisite: Geology 100 or 101. Geology and geography of mineral,
fuel, soil, and water resources. Exploitation techniques, patterns of
distribution and use, and environmental aspects are considered.

*GEOLOGY 150 (3) - Water Resources
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Geology 100 or 101. A seminar examining the quality and
quantity of water resources as a limiting factor for future generations.
Issues include resource depletion, pollution, historical use and abuse,
remediation, and habitat maintenance. Resource constraints are analyzed
from a scientific perspective in order to understand or predict water
resource problems and solutions. Harbor.
Winter

*GEOLOGY 160 (3) - Field Geology
Prerequisite: Geology 100 or 101. An introduction to the study of
geology in the field with special attention to the methods used by
geologists to make, record, and interpret field observations. The course
includes study of and field trips in the central Appalachian region.
Spencer.
Spring

*GEOLOGY 195 (1) - Selected Topics
Selected topical coverage of various subject areas in geology of
particular interest for reasons of timeliness, general interest, etc. The
topic selected will vary from year to year and be announced in advance of
the registration period. Impact and extinction of the dinosaurs, geology of
natural resources, computer applications in geology, climatology, and
geologic consideration in land use planning are among topics previously
studied. May be repeated for a maximum of four degree credits with
permission and in different topics. Staff.
Fall, Winter

*GEOLOGY 201 (3) - Oceanography
Prerequisite: Geology 100 or 101 or Biology 111 or 112 or Chemistry
111 or Physics 108. Introduction to physical oceanography and marine
geology; tides, waves, currents, and the interaction of oceans and
atmosphere, submarine landscapes; and sedimentary, volcanic, and tectonic
activity in the ocean basins. Spencer.
Winter

GEOLOGY 209 (1) - Laboratory Study of the
Fossil Record
Prerequisite or corequisite: Geology 108. Examination of the
fossilized remains of representative species of major groups of organisms.
Emphasis is given to those organisms which, due to uneven distribution in
the record, are particularly useful in interpreting the age and setting of
ancient rocks. Schwab.
Fall

*GEOLOGY 210 (4) - Mineralogy
Prerequisite: Geology 100 or 101. A study of the crystallography,
optics, chemistry, structure, and occurrence of minerals. Laboratory work
on mineral hand specimen identification, crystallography, use of the
petrographic microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, and SEM/EDS analytical
techniques. Laboratory course. Kozak.
Fall

*GEOLOGY 247 (4) - Geomorphology
Prerequisite: Geology 100 or 101. Investigation of landforms from
maps, aerial photographs, digital data, and the analysis of the surficial
processes by which they are formed. Laboratory activities include
identification and interpretation of topography, field measurements of
landscape form and process, and a required weekend field trip. Laboratory
course. Harbor.
Fall

GEOLOGY 275 (3) - Introductory Geophysics
Prerequisite: Geology 100 or 101 or Physics 108. A review of the
geophysical methods used to study the interior of the earth, the magnetic
field, isostasy, and earthquake seismology. Attention is given to the
methods used in geophysics to collect and analyze data. A gravimeter, a
magnetometer, seismic refraction and electrical resistivity equipment are
used to collect field data. The data, corrections, and interpretations are
incorporated into a technical report for each of the four surveys. Spencer.
Fall
GEOLOGY 310 (4) - Igneous and Metamorphic
Petrology
Prerequisite: Geology 210. A study of the origin, classification,
occurrence and evolution of silicate systems germane to igneous and
metamorphic rocks. Laboratory involves characterization of igneous and
metamorphic rocks in hand specimen, in thin section, and by chemical
analysis. Laboratory course. Kozak.
Winter

GEOLOGY 330 (4) - Sedimentation and Stratigraphy
Properties, origins, and dynamics of sediments and sedimentary rocks.
Correlation, organization, and historical interpretation of the sedimentary
rock record. Field and laboratory analyses of sedimentary rocks. Laboratory
course. Schwab.
Fall

GEOLOGY 340 (4) - Hydrology
Prerequisites: Geology 100 or 101. Systems and processes of water
movement on and below the earth's surface. Encompasses the theoretical and
applied aspects of soil moisture, runoff, flooding, groundwater movement,
and water well use. Numerical evaluation of flow properties from field and
lab data describing water movement in soils, aquifers, and streams.
Laboratory course. Harbor.
Winter

GEOLOGY 350 (4) - Structural Geology and
Tectonics
Prerequisites: Geology 160 and Mathematics 101. Description and
methods of analysis of large and small scale structural features of the
Earth's crust. Rock and soil mechanics, application of structural geology
in environmental engineering and resource exploration, structural analysis
of satellite imagery, plate tectonics, geometric techniques used in
structural analysis, interpretation of geologic maps, and the structural
development of mountain systems. Laboratory course. Spencer.
Winter

GEOLOGY 373 (3), 376 (6) - Advanced Field Study
Prerequisite or Corequisite: Geology 160 and permission of the
instructor. The emphasis and location of the study area will differ from
year to year. Information will be made available by the end of the fall
term. Staff.
Spring

[GEOLOGY 395 (1), 396 (2), 397 (3) - Seminar]
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The title, term of
meeting, and credits for seminars will be announced to all geology majors.
May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are
different. A seminar devoted to environmental studies is offered each
winter. Staff.

GEOLOGY 401 (1), 402 (2), 403 (3) - Directed
Individual Study
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Advanced work and
reading in topics selected by the instructor and meeting the special needs
of advanced students. This course may be repeated for degree credit with
permission and if the topics are different. Staff.

GEOLOGY 472 (2-2) - Senior Research Thesis
Candidates for the Bachelor of Science degree in geology are urged to
undertake research on a field or laboratory problem which can lead to the
presentation of a senior thesis. Work on this project should be started in
the spring term of the junior year. Interested students should consult
members of the faculty who will help define the problem and provide
guidance during research.
Fall-Winter

GEOLOGY 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Fall-Winter


GERMAN
(Department of German and Russian)

PROFESSORS CROCKETT, DICKENS
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR YOUNGBLOOD
LECTURER FOLLO

MAJOR

A major in German language leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree
requires at least 39 credits as follows:
1. German 262 (or an approved substitute in German language or a
cognate field), 311, 312, 332, 334
2. Six credits from German 303 or from German 301 and 302
3. German 347 or 349
4. Six additional credits in literature chosen from the following:
German 313, 314, 315, 316, 318, 320, 321 (if topic is literary), 325
5. The remaining credits must be taken from a list of approved
courses, available from the department, with no more than six credits in
any one discipline.
6. Students must pass an oral proficiency examination conducted by
the department before or during their last term prior to graduation.

A major in German literature leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree
requires at least 39 credits as follows:
1. German 262 (or an approved substitute in German
language or a cognate field)
2. Six credits from German 303 or from German 311 and 312
3. Three credits in each of the following four groups:
German 313 or 315 German 347 or 349
German 314 or 316 German 395 or 396
4. Six additional credits in literature chosen from the
following: German 313, 314, 315, 316, 318, 320,
321 (if topic is literary), 325, 347, 349, 395, 396
5. The remaining credits must be taken from a list of approved
courses, available from the department, with no more than six credits in
any one discipline.
6. Students must pass a comprehensive literature proficiency
examination conducted by the department before or during their last term
prior to graduation.

HONORS: Qualified students may become candidates for Honors in German
as early as the first term of their junior year; see department head for
details.

GERMAN 111-112 (8 or 5)* - Elementary
A course in elementary German which emphasizes the spoken language as
well as grammar and reading. Staff.
Fall-Winter

*Students with two or more entrance units in German will receive the lower
number of credits indicated.

GERMAN 115 (3) - Elementary
Prerequisite: German 111-112 or the equivalent. The course is designed
to provide training in German conversation for students as a transition
from the elementary to the intermediate level. Staff.
Spring

*GERMAN 261-262 (8) - Intermediate
Prerequisite: German 111-112 or German 115 or the equivalent.
Emphasis on listening comprehension and speaking as well as reading and
writing. The course also offers the student some acquaintance with German
literature and culture. Staff.
Fall-Winter

GERMAN 301 (3) - German Conversation
Prerequisite: German 261-262 or permission of the instructor. An
intensive course stressing development of active German skills through
conversation and some writing on cultural and practical subjects.
Especially recommended for the student with a background in reading German
who plans further study of active German. Staff.
Spring

GERMAN 302 (3) - Business German
Prerequisite: German 262 or equivalent. Acquisition of specific
vocabulary necessary to transact business in Germany or with German
speakers. Readings in manufacturing, marketing, banking and the
organization of the European community. Business letter and resume writing.
Taught in German. Youngblood.
Spring

GERMAN 303 (6 or 3-3) - Supervised Study Abroad
Prerequisites: German 261-262 with grade of B or better and an average
of B in all German courses taken; or permission of the department; and
approval of the Foreign Study Committee. A period of direct exposure to the
language, culture, and people of Germany. A training period on campus
precedes residence with German families in Germany. The program includes
supervised academic projects, lectures by native authorities, and other
cultural activities. Additional details of the program, including some of
special interest to students not majoring in German, are available from the
department. Crockett.
Spring

GERMAN 311 (3) - Advanced German
Prerequisite: German 261-262 or equivalent. Following a study of
German phonology and the components of advanced German grammar, the course
emphasizes spoken German, accompanied by written exercises. Young-blood.
Fall

GERMAN 312 (3) - Advanced German
Prerequisites: German 303, 311 or departmental permission. A
continuing course of advanced German with emphasis on the written language
through composition and a study of stylistics. Advanced conversational
material is drawn from topics relevant to contemporary life in the
German-speaking world. Youngblood.
Winter

*[GERMAN 313 (3) - German Literature, 1800-1850]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: German 261-262 or equivalent. The various phases of
Romanticism. Tieck, Wackenroder, Brentano, Heine, Eichendorff, and E. T. A.
Hoffmann are among the authors treated. Dickens.

*[GERMAN 314 (3) - 20th-Century Fiction]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: German 313, or German 315, or departmental permission.
Thomas Mann, Kafka, Hesse, and Grass are among the authors treated.
Conducted in German. Crockett.

*GERMAN 315 (3) - German Literature, 1850-1900
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: As for German 313. Realism, Poetic Realism, and
Naturalism. Grillparzer, Fontane, Keller, Storm, Meyer, and Hauptmann are
among the authors read; study of the ballad as a literary form. Dickens.
Fall

*GERMAN 316 (3) - 20th-Century Drama
and Poetry
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: As for German 314. Kaiser, Brecht, Duerrenmatt, Frisch
and Rilke are among the authors treated. Conducted in German. Crockett.
Winter

*GERMAN 318 (3) - German Medieval and
Renaissance Literature
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: As for German 347 or permission of the instructor. An
examination of selected works and a study of literary history through the
16th century. Medieval literary readings include the Hildebrandslied,
Nibelung-enlied, Parzival, and Tristan as well as the Minnesang.
Consideration is also given to the history of the German literary language
during the period covered. Conducted in German. Staff.
Fall

*[GERMAN 320 (3) - German Literature of the
17th and 18th Centuries]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
(Baroque and Aufkl„rung)
Prerequisite: As for German 347 or permission of the instructor. A
study of representative works from the 17th and the first half of the 18th
centuries together with the literary history of the period and the history
of the literary language. Conducted in German. Staff.

*GERMAN 321 (3) - Seminar: Special Topics in
German Literature or Language
Prerequisite: German 261-262 or equivalent. The focus shifts annually
from the examination of a specific period or author to a study of a
specified genre such as the lyric or the Novelle. May be repeated for
degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. This course
meets the general education requirements in literature only when the topic
is literary (area 3).
Spring

GERMAN 325 (3) - Highlights of German Civilization
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: As for German 347 or permission of the instructor. A
survey of significant developments in German civilization, particularly in
the fields of history, art, and architecture. The course complements purely
literary study undertaken in other courses and deepen the student's
understanding and appreciation of both literary work and actual study or
travel in Germany. Conducted in German. Dickens.
Fall

GERMAN 332 (3) - Performing German
Prerequisite: German 262 or permission of the instructor. The reading,
interpretation, preparation and performance of one or more German language
dramas. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics
are different. A maximum of three credits may be used to meet major
requirements. Crockett.
Winter

[GERMAN 334 (3) - History of the German Language]
(Winter and Spring 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: At least one 300-level German literature course or
permission of the instructor. Survey of the most significant phonetic and
lexical developments of the German language since the emergence of Germanic
from Indo-European. Phonetic structure of modern German. Taught in German.
Follo.

*GERMAN 347 - Goethe and Schiller (I)
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Any two of the following courses: German 313, 314, 315,
316. A study of works different from those in German 349 by the two main
men of German letters, specifically dramas, lyric and philosophical poetry,
and selected prose. Critical attention is paid to the role of myth in
Goethe's and history in Schiller's dramas. Main work: Wallenstein.
Conducted in German. Youngblood.
Fall

*[GERMAN 349 (3) - Goethe and Schiller (II)]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: As for German 347. A study of works different from those
in German 347 by the two main men of German letters, specifically dramas,
poetry and prose (particularly essays). Critical attention is paid to the
role of legend and socio-political content in Goethe's and Schiller's
plays. Main work: Faust. Conducted in German. Youngblood.

*GERMAN 395 (3) - Seminar
Prerequisite: German 347 or 349 or departmental permission. A seminar
on a particular author, period, or genre. The subject changes annually. May
be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are
different. Conducted in German.
Winter
*GERMAN 396 (3) - Seminar
Prerequisite: German 347 or 349 or departmental permission. Similar to
German 395 but with a different topic. The subject changes annually. May be
repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Conducted in German.
Spring

GERMAN 403 (3) - Directed Individual Study
Prerequisites: Six credits in German at the 300 level and permission
of the department. A course that permits students to follow a program of
directed reading or research. The nature and content of the course will be
determined by their needs and by the instructors acquainted with their
earlier preparation and performance. May be repeated for degree credit with
permission and if the topics are different. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

GERMAN 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Fall-Winter



GREEK
(Department of Classics )

Corcoran-Peabody Foundation

PROFESSOR TAYLOR
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PELLICCIARO

GREEK 101 (3 or 0)* - Elementary Greek: Phonology and Morphology
Greek stem formation and inflection and the basic syntax of the moods,
tenses, and cases. Pellicciaro.
Fall

*Students who have two or more entrance units in Greek will receive the
lower credit indicated toward their degree requirements.

GREEK 102 (3) - Elementary Greek: Syntax
Prerequisite: Greek 101. Greek syntax through readings from Plato and
drills based on the readings. Some considerations on the problem of
translating philosophical language. Pellicciaro.
Winter

GREEK 103 (3) - Post-Classical Greek
Prerequisite: Greek 102. Analyses of the phonology, morphology and
syntax of Greek texts from the Hellenistic, Roman and Medieval periods.
Readings include selections from the Septuagint Bible and the New Testament
as well as from the works of secular authors. Pellicciaro.
Spring

GREEK 201 (3) - Sophocles
Prerequisite: Greek 102. An introduction to Greek drama. Reading of a
play by Sophocles with an analysis of its language and form. Considerations
on the problem of translating verse and of transposing dramatic actions.
Staff.
Fall

*GREEK 202 (3) - Homer
Prerequisite: Greek 201. An introduction to the language of Homer and
to the Greek oral and written tradition; a reading of The Odyssey in Greek
and through translation. Staff.
Winter

*[GREEK 301 (3) - Tragedy]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Greek 202 or permission. A study of the Greek dramatists
through close textual analysis; readings from ancient and modern theatrical
writers and theories. Staff.

*[GREEK 302 (3) - The Greek Philosophers]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Same as for Greek 301. Readings in Greek and English
from the corpus of Greek philosophical works, including the pre-Socratic
fragments, Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics and Epicureans. Staff.

*GREEK 303 (3) - Old and Middle Comedy
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Same as for Greek 301. A study of the comic tradition in
general and of Greek comedy in particular. Readings in Greek and English
from Aristophanes and from the corpus of ancient and modern comic plays.
Staff.
Winter

*[GREEK 304 (3) - Ancient Characterization]
(On demand only: Spring)
Prerequisite: Same as for Greek 301. Ideas of character in New Comedy,
romance, satire, and historical, moralistic and biographical narrative.
Readings in Greek and English from Menander, Theophrastus, late Euripides
and Aristophanes, Xenophon, the Alexander histories, ancient novellas,
Lucian and Plutarch. Staff.

*[GREEK 305 (3) - Homer]
(Winter 1999 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Same as for Greek 301. A study of the Homeric epics and
their place in Greek art and life; a reading in Greek and English of The
Iliad; and a study through translations of the Hesiodic and later epics.
Staff.

*GREEK 306 (3) - The Greek Historians
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Same as for Greek 301. Herodotus and Thucydides through
Greek texts and English translations; Greek historiography and its
relationship to tragic, epic and philosophical literature. Staff.
Fall

[GREEK 307 (3) - The Rhetorical Theorists and
the Sophists]
(Fall 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Same as for Greek 301. The philosophical grounds of the
sophistic movement and the effect of the movement on fifth- and
fourth-century life; readings in Greek and English from the early
experiments in and the later theoretical writers on rhetoric. Staff.

[GREEK 308 (3) - The Orators]
(On demand only: Spring)
Prerequisite: Same as for Greek 301. Readings in Greek and English
from the political and juridical writers of the fourth century with studies
in fourth-century history. Staff.

GREEK 401 (1), 402 (2), 403 (3) - Directed
Individual Study
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different.

GREEK 421 (1), 422 (2), 423 (3) - Directed
Individual Research
(Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different.



HISTORY

PROFESSORS McAHREN, CECIL, FUTCH, JARRETT, JEANS, MACHADO, MERCHANT,
PORTER, SANDERS
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS BIDLACK, PARKER, SENECHAL
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DeLANEY

MAJOR

A major is fulfilled upon completion of at least 39 credits in history
among which the following are required:
1. At least six credits from the 100-1evel courses (except 190),
preferably taken during the freshman or sophomore years*
2. At least 27 credits in history courses numbered 300 or above.
Fifteen of these credits must be in one of the following fields of
concentration:
a. Europe and Russia (300-329)
b. United States, Canada, and Latin America (330-369). Because
of the accessibility of primary materials in American history, the 15
credits must include at least three courses chosen from History 331, 342,
344, 346, 347, and 366
c. Asia, Russia, Islam, and Africa (370-389 and 320-323)

HONORS: An Honors Program in history is offered for qualified
students; see department head for details.

INTRODUCTORY

*HISTORY 101 (3) - European Civilization, 1500-1789
The rise of capitalism, Renaissance and Reformation, the age of
absolutism, and the Enlightenment. Open only to freshmen and sophomores.
Staff.
Fall

*HISTORY 102 (3) - European Civilization, 1789
to the Present
The French Revolution and Napoleon, the age of Metternich, the era of
nationalism, the rise of socialism, imperialism, and the two world wars.
Open only to freshmen and sophomores. Staff.
Winter

*HISTORY 103 (3) - Modern China: The Road
to Revolution
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The Opium Wars. The
19th-century reform movements and popular rebellions. Sun Yat-sen and the
Chinese Republic. Warlordism. Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang. The rise
to power of Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communists. The People's Republic of
China. Jeans.
Winter

*Rising sophomores who have a B average in six credits of 100-level courses
are eligible to enroll in some 300-1evel courses subject to the permission
of the instructor and the department.

*[HISTORY 104 (3) - The Rise of Modern Japan]
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The fall of the Tokugawa
shogunate. The Meiji Restoration. The rise of Japanese imperialism. The
growth of party government. The road to Pearl Harbor. The post-war
occupation. Recovery and prosperity since the war. Jeans.

*HISTORY 107 (3) - History of the United States
to 1876
The colonial period, the American Revolution, the formation of the
Constitution, the rise of parties, western expansion, the slavery
controversy, sectionalism, secession, Civil War and Reconstruction. Staff.
Fall

*HISTORY 108 (3) - History of the United States since 1876
Industrialization and urbanization, the closing of the Frontier, the
New South, the Gilded Age, Progressivism, World War I, the Twenties, the
New Deal, World War II, post war adjustment and emergence of the Cold War,
the Civil Rights movement, Vietnam, Watergate, participation in the world
economy, conservative reaction, end of the Cold War. Staff.
Winter

*HISTORY 109 (3) - History of the Ancient Near
East
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The origins of
civilization, the bronze age ideology and the ancient near eastern
kingdoms. Crete, Mycenaean Greece and relations with High Barbary. The
decay of the bronze age system: social, technological, commercial and
climatic change. Successor peoples (Aramaeans, Hebrews, Phoenicians and
Assyrians) of the iron age. Sanders.
Fall

*HISTORY 110 (3) - History of Ancient Greece
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The formation of the Greek
people. Dark, archaic and classical eras. Athens, Sparta and the Persian
Wars. Conflict among the city states and the pentecontaetia. Macedonia,
Philip and Alexander the Great. Alexander's successors, the Hellenistic
kingdoms and their relations with Rome, Greece and the Roman Peace.
Sanders.
Winter

*HISTORY 111 (3) - History of Ancient Rome
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Early Italy and the
Etruscans. The rise of the Roman Republic, the conflict of the orders and
the political unification of Italy. The wars with Carthage and the
Hellenistic kingdoms. Civil War and the reign of Augustus. The Imperial
peace, the spread of Christianity, and the problem of decline and fall.
Sanders.
Spring

*HISTORY 130 (3) - Survey of Colonial Latin
America
An introduction to the "Indian" and Iberian people active from Florida
to California through Central and South America between 1450 and 1750.
Parker.
Fall

*HISTORY 131 (3) - Survey of Latin America,
1750 to the Present
Emphasizing regionalism and social factors, this course traces the
disintegration of Iberian empires in America and the development of
national entities. Parker.
Winter

*HISTORY 132 (3) - Case Studies in Latin American
Nationalism
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A history of selected
Spanish-speaking Latin American nations emphasizing contemporary
conditions. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different. A maximum of three credits may be used to meet major
requirements. Parker.
Spring

*[HISTORY 133 (3) - Survey of Brazilian History]
(Spring 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A tracing of the major
social, political, economic and constitutional themes in Brazilian history,
focusing primarily on paternalism and the organic view of society and the
state. Parker.

*HISTORY 150 (3) - Seminar in American History
for Freshmen and Sophomores
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An introduction to methods
of researching and writing American history. Class discussion of assigned
reading and term papers. Staff.
Spring

*HISTORY 152 (3) - Seminar in American Foreign
Relations for Freshmen and Sophomores
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An investigation of
selected crises in American foreign affairs since 1945, with special
emphasis on how five modern presidents, Truman to Nixon, and their advisers
interpreted the responsibilities of the Presidency for formulating and
implementing policy. Topics include the Korean War, the Cuban-Missile
Crisis, the Vietnam War, the nuclear arms race, the Arab-Israeli conflict
and others. Topics will change from year to year. Machado.
Spring

*HISTORY 153 (3) - Seminar in European History
and Literature for Freshmen and Sophomores
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The study of society and
politics from the Renaissance and Reformation to the French Revolution.
Jarrett.
Spring

*HISTORY 154 (3) - Seminar in European History
and Literature for Freshmen and Sophomores
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The study of society and
politics in 19th-century Europe. Topics vary with instructor. Cecil,
Jarrett.
Spring

*[HISTORY 158 (3) - Seminar in 19th- and 20th-Century Africa for Freshmen
and Sophomores]
(Offered in the Spring when interest is expressed and departmental
resources permit.) Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Topics
include African societies before European political intervention, the
European "scramble" (1876 to 1902), the colonial era (the 1890s to 1960s),
independence, the Cold War, civil war, economic collapse and new
beginnings. Porter.

*HISTORY 190 (1) - Bibliographical Resources
Prerequisite: Permission of the department. Corequisite: Enrollment in
a history course requiring a research paper. An introduction to
bibliographical tools and their use including finding aids to the
historical literature of various countries and periods. Most class meetings
and assignments take place in the first half of the term in order to permit
completion of a specialized bibliography essential to the preparation of
the research paper in the corequisite course. Degree credit is given for
only one 190 course regardless of academic discipline. Directed by the
Library Staff and members of the History Department.
Fall

EUROPEAN HISTORY

*HISTORY 300 (Classics 300) (3) - Seminar in
Ancient History
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructors. A
consideration of the major Greek and Roman historians, the influence of
various literary and philosophical conventions on the development of their
method and their approach to selected problems in ancient history evaluated
in the light of modern historical research. Sanders and Taylor.
Winter

*[HISTORY 302 (3) - Medieval History to 1500]
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
world of late antiquity and the emergence of early medieval culture. The
early church, Byzantium and Islam. Technological and social change,
feudalism and the intellectual revival. The beginnings of nationality and
the decay of medieval social and economic institutions. Sanders.

*[HISTORY 304 (3) - The Italian Renaissance and
the Reformation]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor.
Italian humanism and its influence on the secularization of thought and
culture. The conflict between republicanism and despotism in Italy. The
Church and popular religion in the late medieval age. The Papacy in the
15th and 16th centuries. Luther, Calvin, and the Protestant radicals, the
wars of religion and the Catholic Reformation. Cecil.

*[HISTORY 306 (3) - Europe in the 18th Century]
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
monarchies of the last Stuarts and Louis XIV and their legacies, the
development of the English constitution and continental monarchies in
response to economic changes, social conflicts, the wars of mid-century,
and the challenges of the Enlightenment. Staff.

*HISTORY 307 (3) - French Revolution and Napoleon
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor.
Origins and development of the Revolution; Napoleon and the Empire, some
discussion of various interpretations. Staff.
Winter

*[HISTORY 308 (3) - Europe, 1815-1871]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
Vienna Settlement and the Concert of Europe, the agrarian system in Eastern
Europe, social and political effects of industrialization in Western
Europe, science and intellectual revolution, the unification of Italy and
Germany. Futch.

*HISTORY 309 (3) - Europe, 1870-1918
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
development of the industrial and democratic nation in Western Europe,
nationalism and domestic tensions in Eastern Europe, international
relations and World War I. Futch.
Fall

*HISTORY 310 (3) - Europe, 1918-1940
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
failure of the Versailles Settlement, the collapse of the European economy,
dynamic totalitarianism and the crisis of democracy. International
relations and the coming of World War II. Futch.
Winter

*HISTORY 311 (3) - Europe since 1939
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
Second World War. The Cold War and Europe's division into east and west
blocs. The revival of Western Europe. Decolonization. Sovietized Eastern
Europe. The Fifth Republic. Ostpolitik. Detente. The fading of American
dominance in the west. Emergence of a west European community. Futch.
Fall

*HISTORY 313 (3) - Germany, 1789-1890
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor.
Struggle for German unification from the French Revolution through the
establishment and consolidation of the empire under Bismarck. Cecil.
Fall

*HISTORY 314 (3) - Germany, 1890 to the Present
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
twilight of the empire under Kaiser Wilhelm II, the Weimar interlude, the
Third Reich of Adolf Hitler, and post-war Germany divided between East and
West. Cecil.
Winter
*[HISTORY 315 (3) - Venetian History]
(Spring 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor.
Foundation of island state, commercial and naval greatness of Venice,
Venetian culture of the Renaissance and baroque eras, fall of the republic
and subjection to Austria, Venetia redenta. Futch.

*HISTORY 316 (3) - Rome and the Papacy
since the Schism
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor.
Politics and art in Renaissance Rome. Counter Reformation culture.
Heretics, Jesuits, and Spaniards in the 16th-17th centuries. The baroque
papacy vs. Enlightenment and Revolution. Destruction of Temporal Power.
Papacy and totalitarianism in the 20th century. Futch.
Spring

*[HISTORY 317 (3) - The British Isles to 1399]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The archaeology of
megalithic, Celtic and Roman Britain. The Germanic invasions and the
culture of Anglo-Saxon England. The Celtic and Catholic churches. The
Norman Conquest. Ireland, Scotland, and the High Middle Ages. Social,
political, demographic and constitutional changes in the late medieval
period. Sanders.

*HISTORY 318 (3) - The British Isles, 1399-1760
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Lancastrian, York, and
Tudor England. English impact on Ireland and Scotland. The break with Rome.
The Age of Elizabeth. Stuart monarchs in a century of Revolution. Whigs and
Tories in the Great Britain of Newton, Johnson and the Georges. The Wars
for Empire and the American questions. Sanders.
Fall

*HISTORY 319 (3) - The British Isles since 1760
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The Age of George III and
the American, French and Industrial Revolutions. The Scots Enlightenment
and the Irish question. Victorians and Edwardians. The Great War and its
aftermath. The contest with the Axis powers, withdrawal from Empire, and
adjustments to postwar, social and political change. Sanders.
Winter

*HISTORY 320 (3) - Imperial Russia, 1689 to 1917
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. From
the rise to power of Peter the Great, Russia's first emperor, through the
fall of the Romanov dynasty. Bidlack.
Fall

*HISTORY 321 (3) - Soviet Russia, 1917 to 1991
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
revolutions of 1917, the emergence of the Soviet system, the Stalinist
period, Stalin's successors, and the eventual collapse of the USSR.
Bidlack.
Winter

*HISTORY 322 (3) - Seminar in Russian History
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor.
Selected topics in Russian history, including but not limited to the rise
of Muscovy, heroes and villains, Stalinism, and the decline and fall of the
USSR. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics
are different. Bidlack.
Spring

*HISTORY 325 (3) - European Intellectual History from Renaissance to Kant
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor.
Cultural and intellectual history emphasizing the Enlightenment and
including such topics as British science, psychology, and political
philosophy. Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire. Diderot and the Encyclopedie,
popular cultural movements. All studied within the context of social and
political groups and institutions. Jarrett.
Fall

*HISTORY 326 (3) - European Intellectual History from the French Revolution
to 1914
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor.
Cultural and intellectual history including romanticism and realism. Mill
and liberalism. Darwin, Marx, Freud. The social novel. Conservative
movements. Popular culture. All studied within the context of social and
political groups and institutions. Jarrett.
Spring

*[HISTORY 327 (3) - Senior Seminar in
European History]
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Opening lectures deal with
the rise of historical thinking. Thereafter, papers will be presented and
discussions held on such problems as historical evidence and knowledge,
biography, historical forces, interpretations of history, and the great
philosophies of history.

*[HISTORY 328 (3) - Senior Seminar in
European History]
Prerequisites: History 327 and permission of the instructor. Each
student will write a major research paper. Discussions will center around
particular problems of research, documentation, and writing.

*[HISTORY 329 (3) - Topics in European History]
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
course offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff
availability, in a selected topic or problem in European history. May be
repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.
Staff.

UNITED STATES, CANADIAN,
AND LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY

*HISTORY 330 (3) - Colonial Latin America
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
study of Latin American social, political and economic history focusing on
most recent monographic and interpretive studies, with emphasis on
post-conquest societies. Parker.
Fall
*HISTORY 331 (3) - Latin American Nations
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
study of 19th and 20th century Latin American history, emphasizing politics
(especially 19th century), international relations and trade using
monographic and interpretive studies. Parker.
Winter

*HISTORY 332 (3) - The Dynamics of Political
Change in Latin America
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
study of the characteristics and backgrounds of political leaders in Latin
America since independence, how and when they rose to power, and how they
exercised and ultimately left power. Emphasis on political theory. Parker.
Spring

*HISTORY 335 (3) - Canada since 1837
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Rebellion of 1837: the
Union of the Canadas. Confederation: Macdonald, Conservatives, Manitoba,
Riel, the CPR and western expansion. Ontario's centrality. Laurier and
Liberalism. Borden, World War I, the 1920's, the Depression, and World War
II. Evolution of foreign policy and of welfare state: Mackenzie King, St.
Laurent, Diefenbaker, and Pearson: Canada as a Middle Power. Qu‚bec:
Duplessis, Quiet Revolution, Levesque: PQ and ind‚pendantisme. Western
growth, oil, resources, and alienation. Trudeau: bicultural federalism and
the Canada Act. Mulroney and Conservatism fail: Liberal revival. Bloc
Qu‚bec, Parizeau and the PQ's second coming. Porter.
Winter

*[HISTORY 340 (3) - The American Colonies,
1605-1763]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. This
course covers the political and constitutional, economic and social
development of the North American British colonies from their founding
through the conclusion of the French and Indian War. McAhren.

*[HISTORY 341 (3) - The American Revolution,
1763-1787]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
political, constitutional and economic history of the 13 colonies from the
Peace of Paris, 1763, through the formulation of the Constitution of 1787.
McAhren.

*HISTORY 342 (3) - The United States, 1787-1800
Prerequisites: Junior standing, History 108 or 341, and permission of
the instructor. An intensive examination of the first two presidential
administrations including the formulation of the Bill of Rights,
implementation of the new Constitution, development of Constitutional
interpretations, creation of the Hamiltonian financial system, emergence of
the first political parties, impact of the French Revolution on American
domestic politics, and ramifications of the election of 1800. McAhren.
Spring
*[HISTORY 343 (3) - The United States, 1801-1840]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
political, constitutional, social and economic history of the United States
from the inauguration of Jefferson through the presidential election of
1840. DeLaney.

*HISTORY 344 (3) - The United States, 1840-1860
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. An
intensive examination of the sectional conflict: the Mexican War, Manifest
Destiny, slavery and the territories, the abolition movement, the failure
of compromise, and secession. Emphasis is on the study of primary sources
and class discussion of assigned reading. Merchant.
Fall

*HISTORY 345 (3) - The American Civil War
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
sectional crisis. The election of 1860 and the secession of the southern
states. Military strategy and tactics. Weapons, battles, leaders. Life of
the common soldier. Diplomacy. King Cotton and King Wheat. The politics of
war. The economics of growth and destruction. Emancipation. Life behind the
lines. Victory and defeat. Merchant.
Winter

*HISTORY 346 (3) - Seminar on Reconstruction,
1865 - 1877
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor.
Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and the restoration of the Union.
Congressional Reconstruction and the crusade for black equality.
Impeachment of the President. Reconstruction in the South. Carpetbaggers,
Scalawags and Freedmen. The politics of growth and greed. Collapse of
Republican governments and restoration of conservative control.
Implications for the future. Merchant.
Spring

*[HISTORY 347 (3) - America in the Gilded Age,
1870 to 1900]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
survey of the transformation of American society under the impact of
industrialization and urbanization. It examines how business leaders,
workers, farmers, and the middle class attempted to shape the new
industrial society to their own purposes. Emphasis is given to social,
intellectual, and cultural experiences and to politics. Senechal.

*HISTORY 348 (3) - Populism, Progressivism,
and the New Deal
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: History 108 and permission of the instructor. The
objective is to identify and analyze the major political, economic, social
and intellectual changes that occurred in American life between 1890 and
1945. Machado.
Fall
*[HISTORY 349 (3) - The United States since 1945]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. An
examination of the domestic history of the U.S. from the Truman through the
Bush presidencies. Emphasis on the civil rights movement, the Great
Society, the women's movement, the decline of American cities and the rise
of suburbia, and the Reagan Revolution. DeLaney.

*HISTORY 351 (3) - U.S. Social and Intellectual
History from Colonial Times into the 19th Century
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
origins of American ideas in Puritanism, the Enlightenment, the First Great
Awakening. The impact of 19th-century democratic ideas. Selected aspects of
early American social history. McAhren.
Fall

*HISTORY 352 (3) - U.S. Social and Intellectual History from the 19th
Century
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor.
Adjustment of American ideas to industrialization and urbanization.
Selected aspects of modern American social history. McAhren.
Winter

*HISTORY 355 (3) - The History of American
Foreign and Military Affairs to 1913
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. An
examination of American foreign policy from the founding fathers through
the Taft administration, with primary attention on the rising American
empire. The War of 1812, the Mexican War and the Spanish-American War are
treated in depth. Machado.
Fall

*HISTORY 356 (3) - The History of American
Foreign and Military Affairs, 1913-1975
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. From
Woodrow Wilson's to Richard Nixon's response to war and revolution, with
additional emphasis on the ideals and economic self-interest which have
shaped America's foreign relations from World War I to Vietnam. Machado.
Winter

*[HISTORY 357 (3) - History of Women in America, 1609-1870]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. An
examination of women's social, political, cultural and economic positions
in America through the immediate post-Civil War. Changes in women's
education, legal status, position in the family, and participation in the
work force are addressed with emphasis on the diversity of women's
experience, especially the manner in which class and race influenced
women's lives. The growth of an organized women's rights movement comprises
an important part of this course. Senechal.

*HISTORY 358 (3) - History of Women in America,
1870 to the Present
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
survey of some of the major topics and themes in American women's lives
from the mid-19th century to the present, including domestic and family
roles, economic contributions, reproductive experience, education,
suffrage, and the emergence of the contemporary feminist movement.
Attention is paid to the influence on women's roles, behavior, and
consciousness by the social and economic changes accompanying
industrialization and urbanization and to variations in women's experience
caused by differences in race, class, and region. Senechal.
Fall

*HISTORY 359 (3) - The History of the African-
American People to 1877
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the
instructor. This course focuses on aspects of the African-American
experience from the colonial period through Reconstruction. Special
emphasis is given to the slave experience, free blacks, black
abolitionists, development of African-American culture, Emancipation, Black
Reconstruction, and racial attitudes. DeLaney.
Fall

*HISTORY 360 (3) - The History of the African-
American People since 1877
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the
instructor. This course focuses on aspects of the African-American
experience from 1877 to the present. Special emphasis is given to the
development of black intellectual and cultural traditions, development of
urban communities, emergence of the black middle class, black nationalism,
the civil rights era, and the persistence of racism in American society.
DeLaney.
Winter

*HISTORY 361 (3) - The History of Violence
in America
(Alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
broad survey of the social origins, evolution, and major forms of
extra-legal, violent conflict in the United States, including individual
and collective violence and conflict related to race, class, gender,
politics, and ethnicity, especially emphasizing the 19th and 20th
centuries. Major topics include theories of social conflict, slavery and
interracial violence, predatory crime, labor strife, and the response to
crime, especially the rise of prisons and a professional police force.
Senechal.
Winter

*[HISTORY 362 (3) - The Old South to 1860]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
study of the making of the Old South. Slavery. Ante-bellum political,
economic, social, and cultural developments. The origins and growth of
sectionalism. Merchant.

*[HISTORY 363 (3) - The South since 1877]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor.
Restoration of conservative control. The New South Creed. Tenant farms and
mill villages. The agrarian revolt and the Populist party. Racial
segregation. Progressives and Dixie demagogues. The Great Depression and
the New Deal. The crusade for civil rights. Economic and political
transformation since 1945. Merchant.

*[HISTORY 364 (3) - Seminar on the Origins of the Constitution]
(Winter 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An examination of the
historical origins and development to 1791 of the Federal Constitution,
including English and colonial backgrounds, state constitutions, the
Articles of Confederation, drafting and ratification of the Constitution
and the Bill of Rights. Merchant.

*HISTORY 366 (3) - Slavery in the Americas
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. An
intensive examination of slavery, abolition movements and emancipation in
North America, the Caribbean and Latin America. Emphasis is on the use of
primary sources and class discussion of assigned readings. DeLaney.
Spring

*HISTORY 367 (3) - Seminar in American Social
History
Prerequisites: Junior standing, 15 credits in history, and permission
of the instructor. An examination of selected topics in the social history
of the United States. Requirements include a major research paper based on
original source material. May be repeated for degree credit with permission
and if the topics are different. Senechal.
Spring

*[HISTORY 368 (3) - Seminar in the
History of American Business]
(Fall 1997 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An intensive examination
of business since 1865, with emphasis on the rise of big business and
technology, the changing processes of production and distribution, the
revolution in management, and the place of business in the broader culture.
Some of the leading histories and historians of American enterprise are
discussed. Machado.

*[HISTORY 369 (3) - Topics in United States,
Latin American or Canadian History]
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
course offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff
availability, in a selected topic or problem in United States, Latin
American or Canadian history. May be repeated for degree credit with
permission and if the topics are different. Staff.

ASIAN, AFRICAN, AND
ISLAMIC HISTORY

*HISTORY 370 (3) - Australia and New Zealand
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Indigenous peoples,
European exploration and settlement, colonial evolution, wool, gold,
aboriginal degradation, the Maori Wars, social experiments, urbanization,
depression and federation (in Australia). Constitutional and party history,
industrialization, labor relations, Depression, and the World Wars. Foreign
policy, the welfare state, immigration: postwar South Pacific powers.
Decline of British influence, dealing with America's hegemony, Vietnam,
turning to free markets, the choice for Asia and the Pacific. Porter.
Spring

*[HISTORY 371 (3) - History of the Islamic
Peoples to 1914]
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. The
rise and diffusion of Islam, the Ottoman Empire, colonialism and
nationalism in Muslim areas to 1914.

*[HISTORY 372 (3) - History of the Islamic Peoples, 1914 to the
Present]
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. World War I. The end of
the colonial empires and the successor states. World War II. The creation
of Israel. The Arab-Israeli wars. The rise of Islamic fundamentalism. The
superpowers in the Middle East.

*HISTORY 374 (3) - History of Southern Africa from the 17th Century
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. San, Khoi, and the
Southeast African background. The Dutch East India Company and its Cape
Colony. British conquest. Boer vs. African vs. British. The Zulu upheaval,
Xhosa resistance, the Basuto and Swazi kingdoms. The Great Trek and
Trekboer republics. From wine and sheep to diamonds then gold and the Rand.
Transvaal autonomy, German intrusion, Boer Wars, Reconstruction, and the
Union of South Africa. Botha, Smuts, Hertzog, and the rise of
Afrikaanerdom. World Wars, Depression, and Nationalist victory. Afrikaaner
domination: apartheid's tyranny. African nationalist resistance. Nats
isolation and aggression. Apartheid fails: Botha, de Klerk, Mandela, the
African unions, African majority government 1994. Rhodesia: conquest,
colony, and revolution: Zimbabwe's independence: Mugabe's regime. Lesotho,
Swaziland, Botswana: colonies to independence and after. Mozambique:
Portuguese colony, revolution, independence, chaos. Namibia's struggle for
independence succeeds. Porter.
Fall

*[HISTORY 375 (3) - European Imperialism in East and Central Africa in the
19th and 20th
Centuries and the Successor States]
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. East African and Islamic
origins. Swahili's spread: commerce, the slave trade, and African
imperialisms. Exploration: Livingstone, Stanley, etc. and the Christian
missions. Portuguese, German, and British imperialism: the colonial era.
World Wars, colonial development, nationalism, and independence. Mau Mau,
Kenyatta, and Moi in Kenya. Tanzania: Nyerere: socialist ideals and
economic failure. Zambia: Kaunda's economic failure. East African
holocausts: Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, Mozambique. Uganda's recovery.
Rhodesia: settler colony, UDI, revolution, independence: Zimbabwe: Mugabe's
leadership. Porter.

*HISTORY 378 (3) - The Indian Subcontinent: European Imperialism and the
Rise of the Succession States, 1498 to the Present
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Rise and fall of the
Mughal Empire. The Portuguese, Dutch, French, and English in India. Indian
resistance and the domination of the English East India Company's empire in
India. Bengali renaissance, Reform, and the Indian Mutiny. The conservative
British Raj. The Indian Congress Party: Tilak, Gokhale, and Gandhi.
Congress, the World Wars, Jinnah and the Muslim League. Divided
independence: Pakistan: creation, dictatorship, division and the Bhuttos.
Bangladesh: deprivation, disaster, independence and poverty. India: Nehru:
democracy, socialism, and Cold War. Indira and Rajiv Gandhi: dynasty's
destruction. Economic reform. Sri Lanka: European domination, independence,
cultural division and disaster. Nepal's independent dependence. Porter.
Winter

*[HISTORY 380 (3) - Japanese Civilization to 1800]
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The historical setting.
The origins of Japanese civilization. Shinto. The introduction and spread
of Chinese influence. The impact of Buddhism. Modification of the Chinese
model. The feudal age and the samurai ethos. Popularization of Buddhism.
Zen culture. The first European encounter. The period of reunification. The
Tokugawa political system. Tokugawa culture. Jeans.

*[HISTORY 381 (3) - Seminar on Japan
in World War II]
(Spring 1998 and alternate years)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A study of Japan in the
war including the Manchurian Incident, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the
road to Pearl Harbor, the war, Japan's decision to surrender, the
controversy over the role of Emperor Hirohito, and the occupation and its
legacy. Using films, memoirs, and wartime and later Japanese writings, the
period is viewed from both Japanese and western perspectives. Jeans.

*HISTORY 383 (3) - Chinese Civilization to 1800
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The origins of Chinese
civilization. Feudalism. Classical thought. The first golden age of
imperial China. Chinese Buddhism and Neo-Taoism. The second golden age. The
"great divide" in premodern history. The civil service system. The Mongol
conquest and rule. Despotism in imperial China. "Stagnation" in late
imperial China. Jeans.
Winter

*HISTORY 384 (3) - Seminar on History of
Chinese Communism
(Alternate years)
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Study of the Chinese
Communist movement (1921-present), including its origins, the first united
front with the Kuomintang, the Kiangsi period and the Long March, the Yenan
era and the Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese Civil War, and the Chinese
Communists in power since 1949. Special attention is devoted to the roles
of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. Using films, memoirs, and Chinese
Communist writings, the movement and the period is viewed from both Chinese
and Western perspectives. Jeans.
Spring

*[HISTORY 389 (3) - Topics in Asian, African,
or Islamic History]
Prerequisite: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
course offered from time to time depending on student interest and staff
availability, in a selected topic or problem in Asian, African or Islamic
history. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different. Staff.

*[HISTORY 395 (3) - Advanced Seminar]
Prerequisites: Junior standing, 15 credits in history, and permission
of the instructor. A seminar offered from time to time depending on student
interest and staff availability, in a selected topic or problem in history.
May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are
different. Staff.

*[HISTORY 396 (3) - History of Washington and Lee]
Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and completion of
preliminary research. An examination of the history of Washington and Lee
University concentrating on the period between 1910 and 1945, and applying
interpretations from general literature on the history of higher education
in America. Several papers are required. During the fall and winter terms
prior to enrollment, interested students should consult with the instructor
about their research project. Sanders.

HISTORY 401 (1), 402 (2) - Directed Individual Study
Prerequisites: Grade-point average of 3.0 in all history courses and
permission of the instructor. A course which permits the student to follow
a program of directed reading or research in an area not covered by other
courses. May be repeated for degree credit with permission. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

HISTORY 403 (3) - Directed Individual Study
Prerequisites: Grade-point average of 3.0 in all history courses and
permission of the instructor. Limited to juniors and seniors. A course
which permits the student to follow a program of directed reading or
research in an area not covered in other courses. May be repeated for
degree credit each term of the junior and senior year. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

HISTORY 443 (3) - Honors Tutorial
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy, senior standing. Directed reading and
conferences in preparation for a comprehensive examination.
Spring

HISTORY 473 (3-3) - Senior Thesis
Prerequisite: Admission to candidacy for Honors in history. This
course serves only as an alternative to History 493 when work for the
Honors program is either incomplete or inadequate. Staff.
Fall, Winter, Spring

HISTORY 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Prerequisites: Honors candidacy, senior standing.
Fall-Winter


INTERDEPARTMENTAL

INTERDEPARTMENTAL 341 (Psychology 341) (3) - Bio-Medical Ethics
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An examination of the
issues arising out of the human impact of modern bio-medical research and
practice. Specific issues are selected from among the following: abortion,
contraception, death and dying, experimentation/research, genetics, in
vitro fertilization, mental retardation, public health/community medicine,
science/technology, transplantation and patients rights. Hodges, Stewart.
Spring

INTERDEPARTMENTAL 342 (3) - Legal Ethics
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An examination of the
issues associated with lawyers' roles in society and their impact upon and
obligations to the client, the court, and the legal profession. The course
also addresses questions of the role and function of law and the adversary
system civil society. Hodges.
Fall

INTERDEPARTMENTAL 344 (Journalism 344) (3) - Ethics of Journalism
Prerequisite: Permission of the Journalism Department. An examination
of the moral issues arising out of the impact of modern journalism and
communications. Includes discussion of First Amendment freedoms,
confidentiality of sources, social role and obligations of professional
journalists, and professional self-regulation. Hodges and MacDonald.
Winter

INTERDEPARTMENTAL 345 (Management 345) (3) - Business Ethics
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An examination of the
moral and ethical issues associated with management policy and executive
decisions. The course examines the basic approaches to moral reasoning,
macro-moral issues concerning the justice of economic systems, and
micro-moral issues such as the following: conflict of interest, whistle
blowing, discrimination in employment, product safety, environment, and
advertising. DeVogt.
Spring

[INTERDEPARTMENTAL 390 (3) - Christian Social Teachings: A Sociological and
Theological Analysis]
Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructors. An
examination of sociological and theological dimensions of Christian social
teachings from the New Testament through the 18th century. Crucial social
and moral issues - e.g., church-state relations, economic justice, family
and sexual relations - are addressed through reading Ernst Troeltsch's
classic study, The Social Teachings of the Christian Churches. When
offered, this course will be team taught with Religion 305 and Sociology
390. Beckley and White.

INTERDEPARTMENTAL 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
Open only to members of the University Scholars program completing
interdisciplinary honors work or majoring in a department without an honors
program. All departments involved must review and approve the final thesis.
Fall-Winter


ITALIAN
(Department of Romance Languages)

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PELLICCIARO

ITALIAN 401 (1), 402 (2) - Directed Individual Study
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Advanced study in Italian.
The nature and content of the course will be determined by the students'
needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. May be repeated for
degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. Pellicciaro.
Fall, Winter, Spring

*ITALIAN 403 (3) - Directed Individual Study
Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Advanced study in Italian.
The nature and content of the course will be determined by the students'
needs and by an evaluation of their previous work. May be repeated for
degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. This course
meets the general education requirement in literature only when the subject
is literary (area 3). Pellicciaro.
Fall, Winter, Spring


JAPANESE
(Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures)

ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS ROGERS, UJIE

JAPANESE 111-112 (8) - Elementary Japanese
An introduction to spoken Japanese, the kana scripts, and 100 kanji
(characters). Classroom drills, written and taped materials emphasize basic
sentence patterns. Daily practice in reading and writing. Staff.
Fall-Winter

*JAPANESE 261-262 (8) - Intermediate Japanese
Prerequisite: Japanese 111-112 or the equivalent. A continuation of
Japanese 112 with emphasis on the spoken language and reading texts, and
with the introduction of 250 additional kanji. Staff.
Fall-Winter

JAPANESE 301 (3) - Advanced Japanese I
Prerequisites: Japanese 262 or the equivalent and permission of the
instructor. A continuation of Japanese 261-262 designed to further develop
listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Advanced classroom
drills, reading texts, and taped materials provide systematic practice in
increasingly complex discourses and acquaint students with key aspects of
Japanese customs, culture, and society. Staff.
Fall

JAPANESE 302 (3) - Advanced Japanese II
Prerequisites: Japanese 301 and permission of the instructor. A
continuation of Japanese 301. Staff.
Winter

*JAPANESE 311 (3) - Readings in Japanese
Literature I
Prerequisites: Japanese 302 or equivalent and permission of the
instructor. Advanced reading, discussion, and written responses to a
variety of literary materials, including relevant