CHANGES IN CATALOGUE INFORMATION

     Caution: The course offerings and requirements of Washington and Lee
University are under continual examination and revision. This catalogue is
not a contract; it merely presents the offerings and requirements in effect
at the time of publication and in no way guarantees that the offerings and
requirements will not change. The University specifically reserves the
right to change requirements for any major during any particular year.
     Whenever changes in course offerings or requirements occur, students
will be notified by a posting outside the Office of the University
Registrar. The individual student assumes full responsibility for
compliance with all academic requirements. Current course offerings may be
obtained from the appropriate department. Current major and degree
requirements may be obtained from the University Registrar, the Dean of the
College, the Dean of the Ernest Williams II School of Commerce, Economics,
and Politics, or from the head of the appropriate department.

GENERAL INFORMATION

     This catalogue presents, subject to change, the courses that can
reasonably be expected to be offered during the 1996-97 academic year.
     A course is the minimum amount of work in a given subject for which
credit is granted. Each course is indivisible and has a separate number and
separate grade for each term. A course extends through a single term, but
successive term courses may be so connected that no credit for one of them
is given until all are completed. Such "linked" courses are indicated by
the use of a connecting hyphen (e.g. 101-102). The credits awarded for each
course are within parentheses after the course number. Thus Philosophy
101(3) indicates a one-term course granting three credits; French
111-112(8), a two-term, linked course granting eight credits.
     The term in which each course is offered and whether the class has a
laboratory meeting are cited below the description of the course.
     Some courses are given only in alternate years. In such cases, the
course listing is bracketed and accompanied by an indication of the year in
which it is to be given, if known.
     The departmental listing of faculty is presented alphabetically by
rank with the department head listed first in the appropriate rank. 
     Courses are numbered on the following basis:
     100-199 - Introductory courses or course sequences ordinarily taken by
freshmen or sophomores.
     200-299 - Intermediate courses or course sequences with or without
prerequisites ordinarily taken by sophomores or juniors.
     300-399 - Advanced courses or course sequences, with specified
prerequisites (courses, class standing, or special permission) ordinarily
taken by juniors or seniors. Students may be admitted to advanced courses
(1) if they have met the prerequisite, or (2) in exceptional cases, with
the approval of the department and the appropriate dean.
     400-499 - Independent work (directed studies, directed projects,
tutorials, internships, seniors theses, and honors theses).


     Permission to substitute courses in major requirements may be granted
in exceptional circumstances by the department or program committee through
its head.

Note: Courses with a * meet a General Education requirement. To determine
which General Education requirement a course satisfies, see listing on
pages 75 and 76.

NEUROSCIENCE

PROFESSOR JARRARD*

     A major in neuroscience leading to a Bachelor of Science degree
requires the completion of at least 50 credits including the following:
     1.   Biology 111, 215, 220 Chemistry 241, 242, Com-
          puter Science 251 (Engineering 251), Psychology
          111, 180, 253, Neuroscience 120, 395
     2.   Biology 250 or 365; Psychology 255 or 257
     3.   At least six credits chosen from the following, to begin no later
than the winter term of the junior year, and supervised by one of the
neuroscience faculty:
               Biology 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 492-496
               Chemistry 421, 422, 423, 433, 436, 439, 471,          
     472, 473, 493
               Psychology 353, 355, 357, 431, 432, 433, 473,         
     493
    
     Additional courses required as prerequisites for completion of the
above include Chemistry 111 and 112.
    
     Students contemplating application to graduate programs or medical
school should note that Chemistry 244 (Biochemistry), Mathematics 102
(Calculus II), and Physics 109 (General Physics II) are either required or
highly recommended by most admissions committees.
    
     Neuroscience courses are as follows; for course descriptions, see the
appropriate departmental listings:
     Biology 111 - General Biology
     Biology 215 - Cell and Molecular Biology
     Biology 220 - Genetics
     Biology 250 - Vertebrate Endocrinology
     Biology 365 - Developmental Biology
     Biology 422-426 - Directed Individual Research
     Biology 492-496 - Honors Thesis
     Chemistry 241 - Organic Chemistry I
     Chemistry 242 - Organic Chemistry II
     Chemistry 421-423 - Directed Individual Research
     Chemistry 433-439 - Tutorial
     Chemistry 471-473 - Senior Thesis
     Chemistry 493 - Honors Thesis
     Computer Science 251 - Laboratory Computer Applications
     Engineering 251 - Laboratory Computer Applications
     Neuroscience 120 - Introduction to Neuroscience
     Neuroscience 395 - Special Topics in Neuroscience
     Psychology 111 - Brain and Behavior
     Psychology 180 - Research Design and Analysis
     Psychology 253 - Physiological Psychology
     Psychology 255 - Human Neuropsychology
     Psychology 257 - Developmental Psychobiology
     Psychology 353 - Directed Research in Physiological Psychology
     Psychology 355 - Directed Research in Human Neuropsychology
     Psychology 357 - Directed Research in Developmental Psychobiology
     Psychology 431-433 - Tutorials in Psychology
     Psychology 493 - Honors Thesis

 
*Head of Neuroscience Program Advisory Committee
NEUROSCIENCE 120 (3) - Introduction to
     Neuroscience
     An introduction to neuroscience emphasizing the molecular
organization, chemistry, and physiology of the neuron, how neurons are
organized into functional circuits, and how these functional circuits
process information and control both normal and abnormal behavior. Stewart.
     Winter

NEUROSCIENCE 395 (1-3) - Special Topics in
     Neuroscience
     Prerequisites: Neuroscience 120 and junior standing. A seminar
designed to provide the advanced student with a broader knowledge of the
field of neuroscience. Specific topics will vary and will be determined, in
part, by student interest. May be repeated for credit with permission and
if the topics are different. Staff.
     Fall, Winter

 

PHILOSOPHY
Pierre S. duPont Foundation

PROFESSORS BOGGS, ELROD, PEMBERTON, SESSIONS

MAJOR

     A major in philosophy leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires
completion of 42 credits including the following:
     1.   At least 30 credits in philosophy, exclusive of Philosophy 473
and 493, and
          a.   including Philosophy 105 or 106; and
          b.   including at least 21 credits chosen from courses
               numbered 200 and above; and
          c.   including four courses in the history of philosophy or major
figures chosen from among the following: Philosophy 141, 142, 144, 221
(Classics 221), 222, 263, 265, 311, 314, 316, and 195, 395, and 403 when
the topics are appropriate
     2.   At least nine credits chosen from offerings in philosophy or
related disciplines, with the approval of the department head
     3.   Philosophy 473(3) or 493(3-3). The thesis is prepared under the
supervision of an adviser and is presented for evaluation in the student's
final term, normally the spring term of the senior year

     HONORS: An Honors Program in philosophy is offered for qualified
students; see department head for details.

     SPECIAL PROGRAM: See description of Cognitive Science on Page 79.

*PHILOSOPHY 101 (3) - Problems of Philosophy
     Open to freshmen and sophomores only. An introduction to some of the
major ethical, political, and social problems we persistently confront.
Selected readings from major philosophers. Staff.
     Fall, Winter

*PHILOSOPHY 102 (3) - Problems of Philosophy
     Open to freshmen and sophomores only. An introduction to some of the
major problems that arise in inquiry into the nature of knowledge and
reality. Selected readings from major philosophers. Staff.
     Fall, Spring

*PHILOSOPHY 105 (3) - Logic
     The study of informal argument in natural languages, and of Greek and
modern formal logic, including propositional and predicate logic. Some
attention is given to theories of meaning. Staff.
     Fall

*PHILOSOPHY 106 (3) - Symbolic Logic
     A Cognitive Science course. Emphasis is on the structure, use, and
philosophical significance of modern formal logic, beginning with
propositional logic, stressing predicate logic with identity, and treating
some more recent developments in logic. Staff.
     Winter

*[PHILOSOPHY 107 (3) - Contemporary
     Radical Thought]
     A critical analysis of some tendencies in contemporary radical
thought. This course may be offered when sufficient interest is expressed
and departmental resources permit. Staff.

*PHILOSOPHY 108 (3) - Ethics and the Environment
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An exploration of one's
responsibilities to the natural world through the writings of Thoreau, John
Muir, Aldo Leopold, and others and analysis of patterns of land use in the
United States since the colonial period. Boggs.
     Fall

*PHILOSOPHY 141 (3) - Ancient Philosophy
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An examination of
philosophical issues as formulated in ancient Greece. The works of Plato
and Aristotle are emphasized. Pemberton.
     Fall

*PHILOSOPHY 142 (3) - Modern Philosophy
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An examination of
philosophical issues in modern thought: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke,
Berkeley, Hume, Kant, and some more recent philosophers. Pemberton.
     Winter

*[PHILOSOPHY 144 (3) - 20th-Century Philosophy]
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An examination of
philosophical issues in recent Western thought. Representative works are
read from philosophers such as Husserl, Russell, Heidegger, Dewey, Sartre,
Wittgenstein, Austin, and Quine. Staff.
    
*[PHILOSOPHY 152 (3) - The Republic]
     (Winter 1998 and alternate years)
     A consideration of Plato's major work with special attention to
contemporary issues in morality, politics, science, and art. Pemberton.

*PHILOSOPHY 168 (3) - Chinese Philosophy
     (Alternate years)
     An introductory course focusing on classical (Zhou period) Confucian
and Taoist philosophers. No background in Chinese studies is presupposed.
Sessions.
     Spring
    
*PHILOSOPHY 195 (3) - Seminar for
     Underclass Students
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A consideration of
selected issues in philosophy. May be repeated for degree credit with
permission and if the topics are different. Staff.
     Spring

*PHILOSOPHY 205 (3) - Philosophy of Language
     A Cognitive Science course. A study of such topics as logical
positivism, speech acts, ordinary language philosophy, the
analytic-synthetic distinction, indeterminacy of translation, and
ontological commitment. Staff.
     Winter
*[PHILOSOPHY 207 (3) - Aesthetics]
     A consideration of the basic issues in aesthetics, focusing upon the
medium of film. Selected viewings and readings from contemporary sources.
This course may be offered when sufficient interest is expressed and
departmental resources permit. Staff.

*PHILOSOPHY 212 (Religion 212) (3) - Philosophy
      and Religion
     An exploration of selected issues such as mystical and numinous
experiences and doctrines, theistic arguments, faith and reason, religion
and morality, and religion and secularity. Sessions.
     Winter

*PHILOSOPHY 221 (Classics 221) (3) - Plato
     (Alternate years)
     A close study of one or several dialogues. Pemberton.
     Winter
    
*[PHILOSOPHY 222 (3) - Aristotle]
     A study of Aristotle's comprehensive philosophy of man and nature,
including his logic, physics, metaphysics, psychology, ethics and
aesthetics. Staff.

*PHILOSOPHY 251 (3) - Meaning and Existence
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A consideration of the
existential philosophies of Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Sartre and others.
Pemberton.
     Fall

*[PHILOSOPHY 255 (3) - Philosophy of Science]
     A Cognitive Science course. Discussion of philosophical issues raised
by the modern physical and social sciences. Topics to include the nature of
scientific theories, evidence, and explanation, the demarcation of science
from non-science, scientific revolutions, the unity of science, and
scientific realism.

*PHILOSOPHY 256 (3) - Philosophy and Literature
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A consideration of
philosophical themes in the writings of some 19th- and 20th-century
authors, including Dostoyevsky, Melville, Hemingway, Percy, and
Solzhenitsyn. Boggs.
     Winter

 *PHILOSOPHY 260 (3) - Philosophy of Nature
     (Alternate years)
     Prerequisite: Philosophy 108 or permission of the instructor. An
examination of various understandings of nature and the natural from the
ancient Greeks to the present. The course includes exploration of basic
philosophical issues regarding the concepts 'nature,' 'wild' and
'wilderness' drawing on Wittgenstein, Austin, Pass-more and others. The
focus is on the relationship between landscapes and conceptualizations of
time, self, and community. Boggs.
     Winter

*PHILOSOPHY 263 (3) - Kierkegaard
     A study of Philosophical Fragments and Concluding Unscientific
Postscript with emphasis on the analysis of the religious and moral life.
Boggs.
     Fall
*PHILOSOPHY 265 (3) - Nietzsche
     An examination of Nietzsche's central philosophical conceptions -
revaluation of values, genealogy of morality, self-overcoming, eternal
recurrence - through selected readings from various periods in Nietzsche's
authorship. Boggs.
     Winter

*[PHILOSOPHY 266 (3) - Ethics]
     An examination of fundamental issues in the theory of morality,
including moral value and obligation, relativism, egoism, and hedonism.
Sessions.

*[PHILOSOPHY 267 (3) - Personal Identity and
     Physical Identity]
     A study of the concept of a person and its relationship with those of
physical identity and death. Staff.

*[PHILOSOPHY 301 (3) - Metaphysics]
     An exploration of the aims, methods, and value of metaphysical
thinking. Selected readings from various philosophical viewpoints. Staff.

[PHILOSOPHY 305 (Psychology 305) (3) - Speech
     and Cognition]
     (Not  offered in 1996-97)
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Six credits in philosophy
and/or psychology. An examination of speech, speech acts, discourse, and
understanding. Elmes.
    
*PHILOSOPHY 311 (3) - Wittgenstein
     A close study of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations. Emphasis
on the analysis of language, meaning, and states of consciousness. Boggs.
     Winter

*[PHILOSOPHY 312 (3) - Theory of Knowledge]
     A Cognitive Science course. An examination of the basic problems in
epistemology with an emphasis on contemporary discussions. Topics include
skepticism, foundationalism and the coherence theory, probability,
perception, and neutralism. Staff.

*[PHILOSOPHY 313 (3) - Philosophy of Mind]
     A Cognitive Science course. A consideration and assessment of dualism
and materialism and of various theories of the relation between the mental
and the physical such as the identity theory, functionalism, and
super-venience. Staff.
    
*PHILOSOPHY 314 (3) - Heidegger
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A careful reading of
Heidegger's Being and Time and some later essays. Pemberton.
     Winter

*PHILOSOPHY 316 (3) - Kant
     (Alternate years)
     A close examination of Kant's Critical Philosophy with special
attention to the Critique of Pure Reason. Sessions.
     Winter

*PHILOSOPHY 395 (3) - Advanced Seminar
     Prerequisites: Six credits in philosophy and permission of the
instructor. An intensive and critical study of selected issues or major
figures in philosophy. May be repeated for degree credit with permission
and if the topics are different. This course may be offered when sufficient
interest is expressed and departmental resources permit. Staff.
     Spring

PHILOSOPHY 403 (3) - Directed Individual Study
     Prerequisite: Permission of the department. May be repeated for degree
credit with permission and if the topics are different. Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PHILOSOPHY 473 (3) - Senior Thesis and
     Philosophical Topics
     Prerequisites: Senior standing and major in philosophy. Seminars
devoted to philosophical issues in conjunction with which each major will
prepare and present a senior thesis. Staff.
     Winter

PHILOSOPHY 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
     Prerequisites: Honors candidacy and senior standing.
     Fall-Winter

 
PHYSICAL EDUCATION

PROFESSOR WALSH
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS ALDRIDGE,  CANFIELD, FRANKE, HATHORN, JONES, LYLES,
O'CONNELL, PIRANIAN, RANKIN, REMILLARD
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS CERONE, COLLITON, DADIO, JACOBS, MIRIELLO, MOORE,
STAGNITTA, STICKLEY, TUCKER

REQUIREMENTS:

     Degree requirements include the successful completion of five physical
education activity courses, Physical Education (PE) 101 through PE 214.
Students may not repeat a course they have already passed with the
exception of PE 200 through 214 which may be elected no more than two times
for credit. Students may not take corresponding 100- or 200-level courses
for more than two terms (e.g. a maximum of two terms of PE 158 and PE 211),
though exceptions may be made for combinations of aquatic or running
sports. Credits taken in excess of these limits will be treated as repeats
of the earliest unrepeated credit of this kind.
      In addition to the degree requirements, a swimming proficiency test
is required. No student is exempt from the proficiency test unless he or
she receives a medical excuse from the University physician. A student who
fails to pass the proficiency test will be placed in fundamental swimming
(PE 101). PE 101 will satisfy one of the five activity courses required for
a degree. Students are required to take the proficiency test prior to
registering for any physical education course and proceeding into the
elective program.
     Freshmen are given the opportunity to elect whether the grade for the
one credit which they will receive in Physical Education will be recorded
as a letter grade or recorded as a Pass/Fail grade. This election must be
accomplished during the fall term prior to midterm. The decision is binding
and no subsequent change is permitted.
     The University physician will review medical histories and determine
whether a student is capable of participating in regular courses or should
be placed in remedial and corrective courses.
    
     All physical education courses must have departmental approval prior
to registration.

SKILLS COURSES

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 101 - Fundamental
     Swimming
     Students who are classified "non-swimmers" based on the proficiency
test must register for this course. Staff.
     Fall, Winter

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 102 - Adaptive and
     Corrective Exercise
     A specialized course in development, rehabilitation, and corrective
exercise. For students with disabilities who are assigned by the University
physician in lieu of other courses. This course may be repeated with
permission. Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring: arranged

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 111 - Aerobic Swimming
     Prerequisite: Students must have passed the swimming proficiency test
or completed Physical Education 101. A course designed to improved stroke
technique and endurance. Staff.
     Fall, Winter

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 120 - Self-Defense
     Women only. Limited enrollment. A presentation of an aggression
defense system. Security staff.
     Fall (1st six weeks, 2nd six weeks)
     Winter (1st six weeks, 2nd six weeks)
     Spring
 
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 151 - Golf
     Staff.
     Fall, Spring

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 152 - Football
     Staff.
     Fall

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 154 - Aerobic Running
     Staff.
     Fall (1st six weeks), Spring

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 155 - Weight Training
     Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 156 - Soccer
     Staff.
     Fall (1st six weeks), Winter (Indoor)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 157 - Lacrosse
     Staff.
     Spring: Men, Women

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 158 - Tennis
     (Students may take this course only once regardless of level.) Staff.
     Fall: Beginning (1st six weeks), Intermediate (1st six weeks)
     Spring: Beginning, Intermediate

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 159 - Badminton
     Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 160 - Volleyball
     Staff.
     Fall (Outdoor - 1st six weeks)
     Winter (Indoor), Spring (Outdoor)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 162 - Racquetball
     Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 165 - Basketball
     Staff.
     Winter

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 166 - Squash
     Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 167 - Snow Skiing
     (Additional special fees and provide own transportation.) Staff.
     Winter: arranged (1st class meeting mandatory, 2nd day of term)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 168 - Ice Skating
     (Additional special fees and provide own transportation.) Staff.
     Winter: arranged (1st class meeting mandatory, 3rd day of term)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 169 - Aerobics
     An overview of alternative styles of aerobic exercise.
     Staff.
     Fall, Winter

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 170 - Horsemanship
     (Additional special fees and provide own transportation.) Staff:
"Eastfields," Brownsburg, Va.
     Fall: arranged  (1st class meeting mandatory, 1st day of term)
     Spring: arranged (1st class meeting mandatory, 1st day of term)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 171 - Softball
     Staff.
     Spring

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 174 - Outing Activities (Backpacking)
     Staff.
     Spring  (all class meetings mandatory)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 175 - Canoeing
     Prerequisite: Pass swimming proficiency test. (Additional special fees
and provide own transportation.) Staff: James River Canoe Livery.
     Spring (all class meetings mandatory)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 176 - Bicycling
     Staff.
     Spring (all class meetings mandatory)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 178 - Dance (Modern)
     (Additional special fees.) Staff.
     Fall, Winter
    
INTERCOLLEGIATE COURSES

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 200 - Intercollegiate
      Cross-Country
     (Men) Tucker. (Women) Phemister.
     Fall

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 201 - Intercollegiate
     Football
     Miriello.
     Fall

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 202 - Intercollegiate Soccer
     (Men) Piranian. (Women) Hathorn.
     Fall
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 203 - Intercollegiate
     Basketball
     (Men) Moore. (Women) Dadio.
     Winter

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 205 - Intercollegiate
     Swimming
     (Men) Remillard.  (Women) Jacobs.
     Winter

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 207 - Intercollegiate
     Wrestling
     Franke.
     Winter

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 208 - Intercollegiate
     Baseball
     Stickley.
     Winter (2nd six weeks)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 209 - Intercollegiate
     Golf
     Moore.
     Winter (2nd six weeks)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 210 - Intercollegiate
     Lacrosse
     (Men) Stagnitta. (Women) Hathorn.
     Winter (2nd six weeks)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 211 - Intercollegiate
     Tennis
     (Men) Franke. (Women) Rankin.
     Winter (2nd six weeks)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 212 - Intercollegiate
     Track and Field
     (Men) Aldridge.  (Women) Tucker.
     Winter

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 213 - Intercollegiate
     Water Polo
     Remillard.
     Fall

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 214 - Intercollegiate
     Volleyball
     Dadio.
     Fall

LECTURE COURSES

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 301 (2) - Philosophy
     and Techniques of Coaching
     A comprehensive study of principles, philosophy and techniques of
coaching used at the elementary, secondary, and college level. Staff.
     Fall, Winter
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 302 (2) - Care and
     Prevention of Athletic Injuries
     Fundamentals of human anatomy, kinesiology, and physiology of exercise
are studied. Prevention, care, and rehabilitation of injury techniques are
analyzed. Discussion and instruction employing hydrotherapy,
electrotherapy, and thermotherapy modalities are presented in the training
room setting. Therapeutic exercise procedures are demonstrated and related
to the overall program of athletic training. Practical lab work includes
assignment to those intercollegiate teams whose sport is in season. Jones.
     Winter

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 304 (2) - First Aid and
      Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
     A course designed to provide fundamental principles, knowledge, and
skills in First Aid and CPR, leading to American Red Cross certification in
Standard First Aid and Community CPR. (First class meeting mandatory.)
Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 312 (1) - Lifeguard
     Training
     A course designed to provide the fundamental principles and skills of
lifeguarding, leading to American Red Cross certification. Remillard.
     Winter

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 313 (2) - Water Safety
     Instructors' Course
      Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and either Physical
Education 312 or valid American Red Cross certification in lifeguard
training. A course designed to train and certify individuals to teach all
levels of American Red Cross water safety courses. Remillard.
     Spring

 



PHYSICS
(Department of Physics and Engineering)

McCormick Foundation

PROFESSORS WILLIAMS, AKINS, DONAGHY, NEWBOLT, REESE
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR VAN NESS

MAJOR

     A major in physics leading to either a Bachelor of Arts or a Bachelor
of Science requires completion of 50 credits including the following:
     1.   Physics 108, 109, 210, 215, 220, 230, 240 (Engineering 240), 325,
340; and Mathematics 242, 332
     2.   One of the following laboratory courses: Computer Science 251;
Engineering 207, 208, 251; Physics 207, 208
     3.   Ten credits chosen from among the following:
          Chemistry 111, 112 or those numbered 200 or above
          Computer Science 110, 111, or 130
          Engineering numbered 200 or above
          Mathematics numbered 300 or above
          Physics numbered 200 or above

     Additional courses required as prerequisites for completion of the
above include Mathematics 101, 102, and 221.

     Physics-Engineering major leading to a Bachelor of Science degree. The
requirements for this program, which is designed for students interested in
the field of physics-engineering, are described under Engineering.

     HONORS: An Honors Program in physics is offered for qualified
students; see department head for details.

PHYSICS 100 (Engineering 100) (1) - Computing in
     Physics and Engineering
     Pass/Fail only. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.  An
introduction to the use of computing tools essential to degree work in
physics and engineering. Students are instructed in the use of the
university mainframe computer, microcomputers, the university network, word
processing, spreadsheets, computer algebra packages, and advanced symbolic
mathematics tools. Akins and Williams.
     Fall

*PHYSICS 101 (4) - Natural Philosophy I
     The study of motion from Copernicus to Einstein. A brief look at the
Copernican Revolution is followed by more detailed studies of Newtonian
mechanics and Einstein's special theory of relativity. Some of the basic
ideas of general relativity and the theory of elementary particles are
discussed. Designed for non-science students wishing to satisfy the
laboratory science general education requirement. Elementary algebra and
geometry are used in the course. Not open to students who have successfully
completed Physics 108. Laboratory course. Newbolt.
     Fall
*PHYSICS 102 (3) - Natural Philosophy I
     The same as Physics 101 without the laboratory. Not open to students
who have successfully completed Physics 108.
     Fall

*PHYSICS 104 (Chemistry 104) (3) - The
     Conceptual Foundations of Quantum Theory
     An introduction to what is currently the fundamental theory of nature.
Quantum behavior is considered in the context of classical (Newtonian)
notions of waves and particles and is applied to atomic, molecular, and
nuclear systems. The practical and philosophical implications of quantum
theory are examined in detail. No mathematics beyond high school algebra is
assumed. Desjardins and Williams.
     Winter

*PHYSICS 108 (4) - General Physics I
     Corequisite: Mathematics 101. An introduction to classical mechanics
and thermodynamics. Topics include Newton's laws, fluid statics and
dynamics, wave motion, and the laws of thermodynamics. Laboratory course.
Staff.
     Fall

*PHYSICS 109 (4) - General Physics II
     Prerequisite: Physics 108. A continuation of Physics 108. Topics
include electricity and magnetism, optics, relativity, quantum theory, and
nuclear physics. Laboratory course. Staff.
     Winter

*PHYSICS 110 (3) - Energy and the Environment
     A study of the basic principles underlying the conversion and use of
energy. Topics include conservation of energy, the second law of
thermodynamics, nuclear energy, solar energy, and the production and
transmission of electrical energy. The effects on the environment of the
various forms of energy are explored. (May not be used for credit in the
interdepartmental major in the natural sciences and mathematics.) Donaghy.
     Spring

*PHYSICS 150 (4) - The Immense Journey:
     Harmonices Mundi
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The classical astronomy of
the solar system is traced by a study of Greek astronomy and the
revolutionary ideas of Kepler and Newton. The apparent and real motions of
the earth, moon, and planets are studied in detail as well as special
phenomena such as eclipses, tides and objects such as comets and asteroids.
Emphasis is on comprehension and application of principles rather than
memorization of facts. The laboratory stresses the observational aspects of
astronomy. Elementary geometry, algebra, and trigonometry are used in the
course. (May not be used for credit in the interdepartmental major in the
natural sciences and mathematics.) Laboratory course. Reese.
     Spring
*PHYSICS 151 (4) - Stellar Evolution and Cosmology
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An introduction to the
physics and astronomy of stellar systems and the universe. Stellar
evolution, the special and general theories of relativity and cosmology are
studied. An assessment is made of the probabilities for life elsewhere in
the universe. The feasibility of communication over interstellar distances
is also investigated. Emphasis also is on comprehension and application of
principles rather than memorization of facts. The laboratory stresses the
observational aspects of astronomy. Elementary geometry, algebra, and
trigonometry are used in the course. (May not be used for credit in the
interdepartmental major in the natural sciences and mathematics.)
Laboratory course. Reese.
     Fall

PHYSICS 180 (3) - Relativity
     Prerequisite: Physics 108. An examination of Einstein's Special Theory
of Relativity. Emphasis is placed on simple kinematic effects in the theory
and the twin paradox. Toward the end of the course a few gravitational
problems are examined from the point of view of the Special Theory - the
gravitational red shift. Newbolt.
     Spring

PHYSICS 207 (Engineering 207) (4) - Electrical
     Circuits
     Prerequisite: Physics 109. A detailed study of the methods used in the
analysis of electrical circuits. The laboratory is intended to acquaint the
student with fundamental electronic diagnostic equipment while
investigating the behavior of basic circuit elements and devices such as
transistors and operational amplifiers. Laboratory course. Donaghy.
     Fall

PHYSICS 208 (Engineering 208) (4) - Electronics
     (Alternate years)  
     Prerequisite: Physics 109 and 207.  Analog and digital transistor and
integrated circuit electronics are investigated. The laboratory places
emphasis upon practical situations, circuits, and problems frequently
encountered in experimental research in many disciplines. Laboratory
course. Donaghy.
     Winter

PHYSICS 210 (3) - Modern Physics
     Prerequisite: Physics 109. An introduction to the physics of the
present century with emphasis on relativistic and quantum-mechanical
systems. Newbolt.
     Fall

PHYSICS 215 (4) - Optics
     Prerequisite: Physics 109. A study of the properties of
electromagnetic waves with special emphasis on visible waves. Emphasis is
given to the study of refraction, interference, diffraction, and
polarization. Some emphasis is also given to quantum optics through the
study of atomic spectra and the photoelectric effect.  Newbolt.
     Winter
PHYSICS 220 (3) - Electricity and Magnetism
     Prerequisites: Physics 109; Mathematics 242. An introduction to the
classical theory of electric and magnetic fields. The basic equations of
electromagnetism (Maxwell's equations) are developed through a study of
electrostatics, steady-state magnetism, and electromagnetic induction.
Donaghy.
     Winter

PHYSICS 230  (3) - Newtonian Mechanics
     Prerequisite: Physics 108.  A thorough study of Newton's laws of
motion, rigid body motion, and accelerated reference frames. A student may
not receive degree credit for both Engineering 204 and Physics 230. Reese.
     Winter

PHYSICS 240 (Engineering 240) (3) - Thermodynamics
     Prerequisites: Physics 109 and Mathematics 221. A study of the
fundamental concepts of thermodynamics using the postulatory approach.
Thermodynamic equilibrium, engines, and potentials. Maxwell relations.
Introduction to statistical thermodynamics. Applications to problems in
physics and engineering. Van Ness.
     Winter

[PHYSICS 245 (3) - Statistical Physics]
     (Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) Prerequisite: Physics 210 or Physics/Engineering 240. A study of
the statistical methods used in various branches of physics. The
Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distribution functions will be derived and
applied to problems in thermodynamics and the physics of solids. Donaghy.
    
[PHYSICS 315 (3) - Nuclear Physics]
     (Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources
permit.) Prerequisites: Physics 210, Mathematics 221. Topics include
radioactivity, nuclear reactions, high-energy physics, and elementary
particles. Donaghy.
    
PHYSICS 325 (3) - Theoretical Physics
     Prerequisites: Physics 220 and 230; Corequisite: Mathematics 242. A
presentation of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms of classical
mechanics; time-dependent and relativistic electromagnetism; special
mathematical methods of physics. Williams.
     Fall

PHYSICS 340 (3) - Quantum Mechanics
     Prerequisite: Physics 210; Corequisite: Mathematics 332. The
Schrodinger wave formalism is established and applied to the harmonic
oscillator, a particle in a square well, and the hydrogen atom. Williams.
     Winter

PHYSICS 360 (Engineering 360) (3) - Physical
     Metallurgy
     Prerequisite: Physics/Engineering 240 or Chemistry 261 or permission
of the instructor. An advanced discussion of structure-property relations
of solid materials. Topics include phase equilibria for single and
multi-component systems, diffusion, theory of dislocations, nucleation,
solid solution theory, strengthening mechanisms for metals, alloys, elastic
and plastic deformation. Offered on demand. Van Ness.
     Winter

PHYSICS 361 (Engineering 361) (3) - Polymer Science and Engineering
     Prerequisite: Physics/Engineering 240 or Chemistry 261 or permission
of the instructor. Science and engineering of large molecules. Physical and
chemical structure of polymers correlated with mechanical properties.
Crystal morphology. Production and characterization. Chain statistics and
rubber elasticity. Time  and  temperature dependent properties of polymers.
Engineering  applications. Offered on demand. Van Ness.
     Winter

PHYSICS 401 (1), 402 (2), 403 (3) - Directed
      Individual Study
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Advanced work and reading
in topics selected by the instructor to fit special needs of advanced
students. This course may be repeated with permission for a total of six
credits. Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PHYSICS 421 (1), 422 (2), 423 (3) - Directed
     Individual Research
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Directed research in
physics. May be repeated for degree credit with permission of the
instructor. Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PHYSICS 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
     Fall-Winter

 

POLITICS

PROFESSORS STRONG, HANDELMAN, JOHN, McCAUGHRIN
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS CONNELLY, RUSCIO
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS RUSH, VELASQUEZ

MAJOR      

     A major in politics leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires
completion of at least 40 credits as follows:
     1.   Politics 100, 111, 190, 201, Economics 101 and 102
     2.   Either Politics 101 or 104
     3.   15 additional credits in politics, including at least three
credits from each of the following fields:
          a.   Political Philosophy: Politics 265, 266, 396
          b.   Comparative Government and International Relations: Politics
214, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226 (Sociology 226), 260, 357, 380, 395
          c.   American Government: Politics 229, 230, 232, 233, 250, 330,
335, 340, 342, 350 (Sociology 350), 362 (Sociology 362), 397, 466
     4.   Six additional credits chosen from anthropology, economics,
psychology, or sociology
              
     HONORS: An Honors Program in politics is offered for qualified
students; see department head for details.

*POLITICS 100 (3) - American National Government
     A study of the constitutional origins and historical development of
the national government with special attention to Congress, the Presidency,
the Judiciary and the role of political parties, interest groups and the
media in the policy process. Staff.
     Fall, Winter

*POLITICS 101 (3) - Comparative Government
     A survey of principles in the comparative study of politics. Topics
include conflicting ideologies, alternative political institutions,
problems in political and economic development, and contrasting ideas about
justice. Staff.
     Fall, Winter

*POLITICS 104 (3) - International Relations
     A survey of principles in the study of international relations. Topics
may include causes of and alternatives to war, power distributions in the
international system, models of national behavior, and conflict resolution.
Staff.
     Fall, Winter

*POLITICS 111 (3) - Introduction to
     Political Philosophy
     An introduction to some of the perennial themes of politics such as
the relationship between the individual and the community, private
conscience and public virtue, the claims of reason and of faith, thought
and practice, and the nature of law, obligation, and rights. This course
also examines less obvious but equally important political topics such as
friendship, family, gender, race, and human character. Our inquiry is
guided by selections from influential works in the history of Western
political thought, ancient, modern, and contemporary, and includes writings
by literary figures, politicians, poets, and artists. Vel squez.
     Fall, Winter

POLITICS 190 (1) - Bibliographical Resources
     An introduction to the use of the Washington and Lee library and other
compilations of information on politics and government. Degree credit is
awarded for only one 190 course regardless of academic discipline. Directed
by Library and Politics Department Staff.
     Fall, Winter

*POLITICS 201 (3) - Political Analysis
     Introduction to the use and limits of quantitative and statistical
methods of analyzing data in order to study political phenomena. Students
who have taken Economics/Management 201 may not receive credit for Politics
201. Rush.
     Winter

*POLITICS 203 (Journalism 203) (3) - State and
     Local Government
     Prerequisite: Sophomore standing. Corequisite: Journalism 190 or
Politics 190.  An introduction to the structures and functions of United
States subnational governments, with particular emphasis on the
policy-making process and on the relationships between policy-makers and
the public. Computer-assisted analysis of survey-research data is included.
Smith.
     Fall, Winter

*POLITICS 214 (3) - The Conduct of American
     Foreign Policy
     Prerequisite: Politics 100 or 104. Constitutional basis, role of the
President and the Congress, the State Department and the Foreign Service,
role of public opinion, political parties and pressure groups. Relation to
other political areas and to the United Nations and other international
agencies. Handelman, Strong.
     Fall, Spring

POLITICS 221 (3) - The British Political System
     Prerequisite: Politics 101. A study of British constitutional
development and the present government. Analysis of the processes,
institutions, and values of the British political system in comparison with
other political models. John.
     Fall

POLITICS 223 (3) - The Commonwealth of
     Independent States
     Prerequisite: Politics 101 or permission of the instructor. A study of
the CIS with special reference to the Russian Federation in comparison with
other political models. McCaughrin.
     Winter

POLITICS 224 (3) - The Japanese Political System
     Prerequisite: Politics 101 or permission of the instructor. A study of
the domestic and foreign policies of Japan in the post-World War II period:
Allied occupation and economic recovery, party politics, electoral
behavior, the relationship between the business community and the political
institutions, U.S.-Japanese relations, Japanese defense policy, relations
with East Asia and the People's Republic of China. Handelman.
     Winter 

POLITICS 225 (3) - The Chinese Political System
     Prerequisite: Politics 101 or permission of the instructor. A study of
China since 1949; the role of Mao and his thought, the role of the army,
factional disputes within the Communist Party, foreign relations, the
Cultural Revolution, economic development, problems and policies of the
post-Mao era. Handelman.
     Fall

POLITICS 226 (Sociology 226) (3) - East European Politics and Society
     (Alternate years)
     Prerequisite: Three credits in politics or sociology or permission of
the instructor. A comparative analysis of eight eastern European countries
- Albania, Bulgaria, Czech and Slovak republics, Germany, Hungary, Poland,
Romania, and the Yugoslav successor states - focusing on their history and
social, economic, and political problems since World War II with emphasis
on the recent transition to market economies and democracy. Also, their
role in the international arena is discussed including relationships with
Russia and the United States. Jasiewicz.
     Winter

POLITICS 229 (3) - The American Political Process
     Prerequisite: Politics 100. Mediating institutions in American
politics; aggregation, articulation, and representation of interests by
political parties, interest groups and the media. Pluralist and
anti-pluralist theories. Connelly.
     Winter

POLITICS 230 (Management 230) (3) - Public
     Administration
     Prerequisite: Politics 100. A study of American governmental
administration, primarily at the national level, as a central feature of
modern government. Emphasis is on the differing values, concerns, and
organizational implications of the political, managerial, and legal
approaches to public administration. Policy issues and case studies are
used as illustrations. John.
     Winter

POLITICS 232 (3) - Public Policy
     Prerequisite: Politics 100. Introduction to public policy formation
and implementation, decision-making in government, the concepts and
techniques of policy analysis, and ethical analysis of policy. Policy
issues such as education, the environment, and technological change are
used as illustrations. Ruscio.
     Fall

*POLITICS 233 (3) - Environmental Policy
     Prerequisite: Economics 101 or Politics 100. This course examines the
formation and implementation of environmental policy. The emphasis is on
domestic policy with some attention given to international topics. Students
are introduced to basic concepts in public policy and policy analysis.
Readings are drawn from economics, law and politics. Ruscio.
     Winter

POLITICS 250 (3) - African-American Politics
     Prerequisite: Politics 100 or permission of the instructor. An
exploration of the relationship between African-Americans and the political
process in the U.S. The course focuses on the political attitudes and
behaviors of African-Americans and their experience with political parties
and government institutions. The course also explores the effect of race on
the political system. Staff.
     Fall
    
POLITICS 260 (3) - Comparative Public Policy
     Prerequisite: Politics 101 or 232. A comparative analysis of the major
trends in social policy development in the democratic,
industrially-developed nations of western Europe, Japan, Canada, and the
United States. Emphasis is on the politics of social choice through a
cross-national comparison of selected social policies (e.g., in education,
housing, taxation, environmental issues, urban planning), followed by an
analysis of the major goals, issues, and policy alternatives in the areas
of national health care. John.
     Spring

POLITICS 265 (3) - Ancient and Medieval
     Political Philosophy
     Prerequisite: Politics 111. An examination of the origins of political
philosophy in ancient Greece, and of the Medieval synthesis of Greek
philosophy and Christianity. Among the topics discussed are the relation
between philosophy and politics, reason and faith, political institutions
and the perfection of human nature. Our inquiry is guided by a close
reading of Plato's Republic, Aristotle's Politics and Nicomachean Ethics,
Augustine's Confessions and City of God, and selections from Aquinas'
Summas. Vel squez.
     Fall

POLITICS 266 (3) - Modern Political Philosophy
     (Alternate years)
     Prerequisite: Politics 111. An examination of the philosophic sources
of "Modernity," with special attention to the origins and development of
modern liberalism. Our inquiry is guided by a close reading of
Machiavelli's Prince, Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan, John Locke's Thoughts on
Education, Essay Concerning Human Understanding, and Letter on Toleration,
and selections from the writings of the Scottish Enlightenment thinkers,
David Hume and Adam Smith in particular. Among the topics discussed are the
application of the "laws of nature" to politics, the origin of natural
rights doctrine and of government by representation or consent, the central
place given to property and commerce, the separation of church and state,
the emerging importance given to institutions as mechanisms to channel and
control human passions, and the relation between individual freedom or
conscience and community. Vel squez.
     Winter

POLITICS 330 (3) - Congress and
     The Legislative Process
     Prerequisite: Politics 100. A review of the constitutional origins and
historical development of Congress as a representative and deliberative
institution. Course focus includes the relation between the President and
Congress, bicameralism, congressional elections, congressional reform,
legislative rules and procedures and the policy process. The course follows
the current Congress using C-SPAN and Congressional Quarterly Weekly
Report. Connelly.
     Fall

POLITICS 335 (3) - The Presidency
     Prerequisite: Politics 100. A review of the origins and development of
the office of the presidency from Washington to the present with an
emphasis on post-war administrations. Topics include constitutional issues
arising from presidential powers, policy-making within the executive
branch, and modern presidential leadership styles. Connelly, Strong.
     Winter

POLITICS 340 (3) - Constitutional Law
     Prerequisite: Politics 100 or permission of the instructor. A study of
the development of constitutional law through an examination of Supreme
Court decisions and case law. Topics include: the role of the judiciary in
a constitutional democracy and the power of judicial review;
constitutional interpretation, judicial decision-making and legal
reasoning; and the principle of separation of powers. The course examines
both the powers of government and the rights of individuals. Connelly,
Rush.
     Fall

POLITICS 342 (3) - Law and the Judicial Process
     Prerequisite: Politics 100 or permission of the instructor. A survey
of legal theories and the problems of reconciling the demands of theories
of justice with the realities of administering a legal system. Topics
include classical and contemporary conceptions of justice; contemporary
conceptions of legal authority; the limits of judicial power;
constitutionalism; reconciling the rule of law and democracy; and the
function of a legal system. Open to majors and non-majors. Rush.
     Winter

POLITICS 350 (Sociology 350) (3) - Social
     Movements
     Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
survey of American social movements, including an evaluation of competing
theoretical approaches to the study of social movements and an examination
of the strategies, successes, failures, and political and social
consequences of the civil rights, labor, student, and women's movements.
Close attention is given to factors contributing to the rise and decline of
these movements. Staff.
     Winter

POLITICS 357 (3) - Strategic Intelligence and
     National Defense Policy
     Prerequisite: Politics 104 or 214. Collection, organization and
evaluation of interdisciplinary information in world affairs; scholarly and
other uses of strategic intelligence. Problems of civil-military
relationship. Strong.
     Winter

POLITICS 362 (Sociology 362) (3) - Organizational
     Analysis and Public Policy
     Prerequisite: Politics 230 or 232, Sociology 102 or 200 (Religion
200), or permission of the instructor. This course explores the roles of
organizations and institutions in modern society with a focus on political
and economic systems and public policy. Topics include decision making,
organizational design, authority, goal ambiguity, and leadership.  Ruscio.
     Winter

POLITICS 363 (3) - Leadership
     Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. This
course explores several issues related to the nature and meaning of
leadership throughout history and in contemporary society. The course is
interdisciplinary and draws from social sciences, literature, history, and
philosophy. The emphasis is on broad questions of authority, legitimacy,
power, responsibility, ethics, and moral purpose. Ruscio.
     Spring

POLITICS 375 (Sociology 375) (3) - Methods of
     Social Inquiry
     Prerequisite:  Politics 201 or Sociology 102 and the completion of the
sociology major statistics requirement, or permission of the instructor.
The rationale and utility of research and its relationship to social and
political theory. The two major aspects of social inquiry - measurement and
interpretation - are examined focusing on the structuring of inquiry, modes
of observation (experiments, surveys, field research, unobtrusive research,
etc.), and analysis of data. The course includes lectures, discussions and
field exercises. Jasiewicz.
     Fall

POLITICS 376 (Sociology 376) (3) - Seminar in
     Survey Data Analysis
     Prerequisites: Politics/Sociology 375, or permission of the
instructor. This course is designed as a group research project. Students
select a topic, prepare a list of hypotheses, select indicators, construct
a questionnaire, conduct interviews, analyze data, and write research
reports. Jasiewicz.
     Winter
POLITICS 380 (3) - Comparative Politics Seminar
     Prerequisites: Politics 101 and permission of the instructor.
Examination of selected topics dealing with variation among political
systems. Handelman, McCaughrin.
     Winter

POLITICS 390 (3) - Special Problems in
     Contemporary Political Science
     Prerequisites: Junior standing and permission of the instructor. A
seminar in which advanced students examine an issue, concept, or phenomenon
of government. Topic, hour and instructors will be announced prior to
registration period of the term in which it is offered. May be repeated for
degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

POLITICS 395 (3) - International Relations Seminar
     Prerequisites: Politics 104 and permission of the instructor. Selected
problems in the analysis of international relations. May be repeated for
degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. Open to
majors and non-majors. Staff.
     Spring

POLITICS 396 (3) - Seminar in Political Philosophy
     Prerequisites: Politics 111 and permission of the instructor. An
examination of selected questions and problems in political philosophy. May
be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are
different. Vel squez.
     Spring

POLITICS 397 (3) - Seminar in American
     Government
     Prerequisites: Politics 100 and permission of the instructor.
Examination of selected topics in American political institutions, ideas,
and processes. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different. Staff.
     Winter

POLITICS 403 (3), 406 (6) - Directed Individual Study
     Prerequisites: Grade-point average of 3.0 in politics and permission
of the instructor. This course permits a student to follow a program of
directed reading, library research or data collection and analysis in some
area not covered in other courses. May be repeated for degree credit with
permission and if the topics are different.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

POLITICS 453 (3), 456 (6), 459 (9) - Internship
     Prerequisites: Grade-point average of 2.5 in politics and 2.5 overall,
and permission of the instructor. Supervised off-campus experience in a
governmental agency or political institution. May be repeated for degree
credit with permission and if the topics are different. Connelly.
     Fall, Winter, Spring
POLITICS 466 (6) - Washington Term Program
     Prerequisites: Grade-point average of 3.0 overall and in politics
courses; Politics 100, 101, or 111. The Washington Term Program aims to
enlarge students' understanding of national politics and governance.
Combining the practical experience of a Washington internship with academic
study, it affords deeper insight into the processes and problems of
government at the national level. A member of the politics faculty is the
resident director, supervising students enrolled in this program while they
are in Washington. Connelly.
     Spring

POLITICS 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
     Fall-Winter

 

PSYCHOLOGY

PROFESSORS ELMES, JARRARD, MARGAND, THOMPSON
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR LORIG
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR STEWART

MAJOR

     The psychology major leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree is designed
for students who have an interest in psychology but do not plan to
undertake graduate study in psychology and allied disciplines. This major
requires completion of 40 credits in psychology and cognate fields
distributed as follows:
     1.   Psychology 111, 112, 113, 180, 302, 304, and three credits in 403
     2.   At least one course selected from Psychology 204, 207, 210, 211,
220, 230, and 240
     3.   Two courses selected from Psychology 251, 252, 253, 254,  255,
256, and 257
     4.   Eight or nine additional credits in psychology or cognate courses
approved by the department

     The psychology major leading to a Bachelor of Science degree is
designed for students who intend to pursue graduate study in psychology or
allied disciplines. This major requires completion of 49 or 50 credits in
psychology and cognate fields distributed as follows:
     1.   Psychology 111, 112, 113, 180, 403, and 473
     2.   Either Psychology 302 or 304
     3.   At least one course selected from Psychology 204, 207, 210, 211,
220, 230, and 240.
     4.   Two courses selected from Psychology 251, 252, 253, 254, 255,
256, and 257
     5.   Six credits selected from Psychology 351, 352, 353, 354, 355,
356, and 357
     6.   12 credits in biology, chemistry, computer science, mathematics,
and physics exclusive of  Chemistry 100,  Computer Science 101,  and
Physics 101, 102, 150, and 151

     HONORS: An Honors Program in psychology is offered for qualified
students; see department head for details no later than the winter term of
the sophomore year.

*PSYCHOLOGY 111 (3) - Brain and Behavior
     A Cognitive Science course. An introduction to neuroscience including
the physiological bases of sensation, learning and memory, motivation,
cognition, and abnormal behavior. Jarrard, Lorig.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

*PSYCHOLOGY 112 (3) - Cognition
     A Cognitive Science course. An introduction to human information
processing, including an examination of perception, attention, memory,
problem solving, and language.  Elmes, Thompson.
     Fall, Winter
*PSYCHOLOGY 113 (3) - Principles of Development
     An introduction to the development of individual capacities from
conception through the life span. Analysis of thought and behavior at
different stages of growth with special emphasis on the period from infancy
through adolescence. Margand, Stewart.
     Fall, Winter

PSYCHOLOGY 180 (4) - Research Design
     and Analysis
     Prerequisite: Psychology 112 or permission of the instructor. Topics
include the logic and methods of research design, descriptive statistics,
and topics in statistical inference that are appropriate for hypothesis
testing. The design and analysis of experiments is stressed. Laboratory
course. Elmes, Thompson.
     Winter

PSYCHOLOGY 204 (3) - The Measurement of
     Human Traits and Abilities
     Prerequisite: Three credits in psychology. An examination of the
theory and rationale underlying the definition and measurement of human
traits and abilities. The basic mechanisms of test construction are
studied, and an evaluation of currently available standardized tests in the
areas of intelligence, aptitude, interest and personality is made.
Thompson.
     Fall

PSYCHOLOGY 207 (3) - A Psychological Approach
     to Artificial Intelligence
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Psychology 112 or three
credits in computer science. An introductory study of cognition by means of
an examination of computer models and simulations of knowledge
representation, pattern recognition, and problem solving. Thompson.
     Fall

PSYCHOLOGY 210 (3) - Principles of
     Abnormal Behavior
     Prerequisite: Six credits in psychology. A study of the psychological
aspects of behavior disorders, their nature, determinants, and relationship
to normal behavior. Lorig.
     Fall

PSYCHOLOGY 211 (Sociology 211) (3) - Social
     Psychology
     Prerequisite: Three credits in psychology and/or sociology or
permission of the instructor. A study of the social determinants of human
behavior. White.
     Fall

PSYCHOLOGY 220 (3) - Psychoactive Drugs and
     Behavior
     Prerequisite: Three credits in psychology. A course concerning the
psychological, pharmacological, and physiological aspects of drugs.
Consideration will be given to the personality characteristics involved and
the response of society to drug usage. Jarrard.
     Spring

PSYCHOLOGY 230 (3) - Contemporary Issues in
     Child Development
     Prerequisite: Psychology 113 and permission of the instructor. The
specific topic in this course will vary from year to year. However, each
involves seminars on current problems or issues related to the development
of children. Examples include: Issues in Family Research - dual career
families, divorce, child abuse, legal rights of children;
Social-Personality Development in the Preschool Years - social skills,
effects of peers on development. Some topics may require students to
participate in observation and testing of children in addition to classroom
work. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics
are different. Margand.
     Spring

PSYCHOLOGY 240 (3) - Adult Development and
     Aging
     Prerequisite: One course in biology, psychology or sociology.
Examination of current topics in aging research. Material spans literature
from biology, psychology, and sociology. Topics include physiological
changes accompanying maturation; mental health issues; age-related changes
in cognitive function; alterations in intra- and inter-generational
relationships during adulthood; and cross-cultural perspectives on aging.
Stewart.
     Fall

PSYCHOLOGY 251 (3) - Experimental Psychology: Learning and Retention
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite or corequisite: Psychology
180. The empirical and theoretical examination of learning and memory.
Topics covered include conditioning, discrimination, short-term retention,
and long-term retention. Elmes.
     Fall

PSYCHOLOGY 252 (3) - Experimental Psychology: Perception
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite or corequi-site: Psychology
180. The empirical and theoretical examination of perceptual processes.
Problems associated with thresholds, scaling, stimulus localization, and
contextual and social determinants of perception are considered. Thompson.
     Winter

PSYCHOLOGY 253 (4) - Physiological Psychology
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Psychology 111 or
Neuroscience 120. The anatomical, physiological, and chemical bases of
behavior are considered. Emphasis is placed on more complex behaviors such
as motivation, learning, and memory. Laboratory course. Jarrard and
Stewart.
     Fall

[PSYCHOLOGY 254 (3) - Experimental Psychology: Language and Thought]
     (Not offered in 1996-97)
     A Cognitive Science course.  Prerequisite or corequi-site: Psychology
180. The empirical and theoretical examination of complex cognitive
processes. Topics covered include sentence production and comprehension,
language, communication, and problem solving. Elmes.
PSYCHOLOGY 255 (4) - Experimental Psychology:
     Human Neuropsychology
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Psychology 111; prerequisite
or corequisite: Psychology 180. An examination of the role of the central
nervous system in the production of human behavior. Special emphasis is
placed on the contribution of the cerebral cortex to cognitive activity and
to the effects of brain injury on psychological processes. Laboratories
focus on neuropsychological testing and basic concepts in the brain's
distribution of complex function. Laboratory course. Lorig.
     Winter

PSYCHOLOGY 256 (3) - Experimental Psychology:
     Socioemotional Development
     Prerequisite or corequisite: Psychology 180. Examination of the
theoretical and developmental aspects of emotions. Topics include
understanding emotional states, empathy, motivation, and self-regulation,
and the role of socialization practices on emotional expression. Margand.
     Winter

PSYCHOLOGY 257 (3) - Developmental
     Psychobiology
     Prerequisite: Neuroscience 120 or Psychology 111. Examination of the
development of biological systems involved in various behaviors with
special emphasis on the neural mechanisms of behavior. Both human and
animal studies are considered. Some topics include evolution and behavior;
developmental neurobiology; biological bases of sexual and gender identity;
and development of play behaviors and temperament. Stewart.
     Fall

PSYCHOLOGY 302 (3) - Theories of Personality
     Prerequisites: Nine credits in psychology and junior standing. An
examination of the principal interpretations of personality development and
organization. The contribution of Freudian Psychoanalysis and Learning
Theory to most theorizing about personality is emphasized. Lorig.
     Winter

PSYCHOLOGY 304 (3) - History and Systems of
     Psychology
     Prerequisites: Six credits in psychology and junior standing. A
seminar examining the evolution of modern psychology from its origins in
philosophy and natural science to contemporary systems and theory, with
special emphasis on fundamental psychological issues. Elmes.
     Spring

[PSYCHOLOGY 305 (Philosophy 305) (3) - Speech
     and Cognition]
     (Not offered in 1996-97)
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisites: Six  credits in philosophy
and/or psychology. An examination of speech, speech acts, discourse, and
understanding. Elmes.
    
PSYCHOLOGY 341 (lnterdepartmental 341) (3) -
     Bio-Medical Ethics
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An examination of the
issues arising out of the human impact of modern bio-medical research and
practice. Specific issues are selected from among the following: abortion,
contraception, death and dying, experimentation/research, genetics, in
vitro fertilization, mental retardation, public health/community medicine,
science/technology, transplantation and patients rights. Hodges, Stewart.
     Spring

PSYCHOLOGY 351 (3) - Directed Research in Learning and Retention
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Psychology 251 or permission
of the instructor. Directed research on a variety of topics in learning and
retention. May not be repeated. Elmes.
     Winter

PSYCHOLOGY 352 (3) - Directed Research in
     Perception
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Psychology 252 or permission
of the instructor. Directed research on a variety of topics in perception.
May not be repeated. Thompson.
     Fall

PSYCHOLOGY 353 (3) - Directed Research in
     Physiological Psychology
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Psychology 253 or permission
of the instructor. Directed research on a variety of topics in
physiological psychology. May not be repeated. Jarrard.
     Winter

[PSYCHOLOGY 354 (3) - Directed Research in
     Language and Thought]
     (Not offered in 1996-97)
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Psychology 254 or permission
of the instructor. Directed research on a variety of topics in language and
thought. May not be repeated. Elmes.

PSYCHOLOGY 355 (3) - Directed Research in
     Human Neuropsychology
     A Cognitive Science course. Prerequisite: Psychology 255 or permission
of the instructor. Directed research on a variety of topics in human
neuropsychology. May not be repeated. Lorig.
     Fall

PSYCHOLOGY 356 (3) - Directed Research in
     Socioemotional Development
     Prerequisite: Psychology 256 or permission of the instructor. Directed
research on a variety of topics associated with emotional development. May
not be repeated. Margand.
     Fall
PSYCHOLOGY 357 (3) - Directed Research in
     Developmental Psychobiology
     Prerequisite: Psychology 257 or permission of the instructor. Directed
research on a variety of topics in developmental psychobiology. May not be
repeated. Stewart.
     Winter

PSYCHOLOGY 395 (3) - Special Topics in Psychology
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. These seminars are
designed to help the advanced student integrate his or her knowledge of
specific fields into a comprehensive view of psychology both as a science
and as a profession. Specific topics vary and are determined, in part, by
student demand. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if
the topics are different. Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PSYCHOLOGY 403 (3) - Directed Individual Study
     Prerequisites: Six credits in psychology and permission of the head of
the department. This seminar involves independent reading and/or research
and is taken by all majors during the fall term of their senior year.
Students are expected to prepare a detailed research proposal based on
their independent work. May be repeated for degree credit with permission
and if the topics are different. Staff.
     Fall, Winter

PSYCHOLOGY 431 (1), 432 (2), 433 (3) - Tutorials in Psychology
     Prerequisites: Six credits in psychology and permission of the head of
the department. Advanced reading, directed by a member of the staff to meet
the needs of the individual student. May be repeated for degree credit with
permission and if the topics are different. Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PSYCHOLOGY 443 (3) - Honors Thesis Proposal
     Prerequisite: Honors candidate. Conferences, directed reading, and
exploratory research leading to a topic and formulation of methodology for
the Honors Thesis. Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PSYCHOLOGY 473 (3) - Senior Thesis
     Prerequisites: Six credits chosen from Psychology 351,  352, 353, 354,
355, 356, 357, and 403 and permission of department head. Taken in the
winter term of the senior year by all psychology majors seeking a Bachelor
of Science degree. Students conduct a research project and prepare a thesis
based on that research. Staff.
     Winter

PSYCHOLOGY 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
     Fall-Winter

 

PUBLIC POLICY

PROFESSORS JOHN,* WINFREY*
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR RUSCIO*

MAJOR

     The public policy major is designed for students who have an interest
in the analysis of public policy issues. It draws from the perspectives of
both economics and politics. An important feature of the major is the
internship program in which the student becomes involved in public
policy-making. The public policy major may not be combined with other
majors in the Ernest Williams II School of Commerce, Economics, and
Politics.

     A major in public policy leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires
at least 42 credits as follows:
     1.   Economics 101, 102, 240, 250, Politics 100, 111, 230, and 232
     2.   Economics 201 (Management 201) or Politics 201
     3.   Three courses chosen from among the following or other courses
approved by the coordinator of the  program: Economics 203 (Management
203), 210, 341, 360, 390, Politics 203 (Journalism 203), 214, 229, 233,
260, 375 (Sociology 375)
     4.   Economics 345 or Politics 362
     5.   Public Policy 453, 456, or 493 (3-3)

     HONORS: An Honors Program in public policy is offered for qualified
students. See program coordinators for details.

     Public Policy courses are as follows; for course descriptions, see the
appropriate departmental listings:
Economics 101 - Principles of Microeconomics
Economics 102 - Principles of Macroeconomics
Economics 201 - Elementary Applied Statistics
Economics 203 - Quantitative Models for Management and Economics
Economics 210 - Microeconomic Theory
Economics 240 - Government and Business
Economics 250 - Public Finance
Economics 341 - Regulated Industries in the American Economy
Economics 345 - Economic Policy
Economics 360 - Money and Banking
Economics 390 - Macroeconomic Theory
Journalism 203 - State and Local Government
Management 201 - Elementary Applied Statistics
Management 203 - Quantitative Models for Management and Economics
Management 230 - Public Administration
Politics 100 - American National Government
Politics 111 - An Introduction to Political
     Philosophy
Politics 201 - Political Analysis
Politics 203 - State and Local Government
Politics 214 - The Conduct of American
     Foreign Policy
Politics 229 - The American Political Process

 
*Public Policy Coordinators
Politics 230 - Public Administration
Politics 232 - Public Policy
Politics 233 - Environmental Policy
Politics 260 - Comparative Public Policy
Politics 362 - Organizational Analysis and Public Policy
Politics 375 - Methods of Social Inquiry
Public Policy 403, 406 - Directed Individual Study
Public Policy 453, 456 - Public Policy Internship
Public Policy 493 - Honors Thesis
Sociology 375 - Methods of Social Inquiry

PUBLIC POLICY 403 (3), 406 (6) - Directed
     Individual Study
     Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and either six credits in
economics or six credits in politics. A program of directed reading,
library research or data analysis not covered in other courses. Students
might focus on a specific policy or methodology. May be repeated for credit
with permission of the coordinator(s) and if the topics are different.
Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PUBLIC POLICY 453 (3), 456 (6), 459 (9) - Public
     Policy Internship
     Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and either six credits in
economics or six credits in politics.  An internship with a public or
private institution involved in formulating or administering public policy.
The emphasis is on developing a project in consultation with a faculty
member and an internship supervisor in the institution. This course is
intended for Public Policy majors. Staff.
     Fall, Winter, Spring

PUBLIC POLICY 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis
     Fall-Winter

 

PUBLIC SPEAKING

PROFESSOR RYAN

PUBLIC SPEAKING 201 (3) - Principles of
     Public Speaking
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. An introduction to the
principles of rhetoric in oral discourse. Ryan.
     Fall, Winter

PUBLIC SPEAKING 203 (1) - Forensic Seminar
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. The student studies the
theory and practice of forensics in Lincoln-Douglas debating. Participation
in three forensic tournaments is required. This course may be repeated with
permission for a maximum of four credits. Credits taken in excess of this
limit will be treated as repeats of the earliest unrepeated credits of this
kind. Ryan.
     Fall, Winter

PUBLIC SPEAKING 301 (3) - Argumentation
     and Debate
     Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. A study of the principles
of argumentation and debate: formulating a proposition, research analysis,
the types of argument, fallacies. Argument in moot legal cases with
practice in direct and cross-examination. Ryan.
     Fall

PUBLIC SPEAKING 302 (3) - Persuasion
     (Alternate years)
     Rhetorical theory from the Classical period to the present is the
background to a study of persuasion in public speaking from 1930 to the
present. Ryan.
     Winter
    
[PUBLIC SPEAKING 303 (3) - American
     Public Address]
     (Winter 1998 and alternate years)
     The student studies the speaking and speeches of American orators with
an emphasis on social agitators, religious preaching, Congressional
speaking, and presidential addresses before 1930. Ryan.

PUBLIC SPEAKING 304 (3) - The Rhetorical
     Presidency
     (Alternate years)
     The student studies the rhetorical presidency from FDR to the present.
Ryan.
     Spring
    
[PUBLIC SPEAKING 305 (3) - Seminar in
     Feminist Rhetoric]
     (Spring 1998 and alternate years)
     This course explores how black and white American women addressed the
great theological, political, and social issues of their day in persuasive
speeches from Puritan times to the present. Issues include women in the
pulpit, slavery, woman's suffrage, prohibition, and welfare reform. Ryan.
    
PUBLIC SPEAKING 403 (3) - Directed
     Individual Study
     Prerequisites: Six credits from Public Speaking 302, 303, 304, and
305, and permission of the instructor. This course is for students who wish
to write a paper, prepared to publishable standards, on a topic in the
history and criticism of American public address. Ryan.
     Fall, Winter

 




RELIGION

PROFESSORS BECKLEY, DAVIS, HODGES*
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS BROWN, MARKS
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SULLIVAN

MAJOR

     A major in religion leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires
completion of at least 37 credits in religion as follows. A maximum of 15
credits at the 100-level may count toward major requirements.

1.   Religion 103, 282, 431
2.   Religion 101 or 102; Religion 473 or 493 (3-3)
3.   Religious Traditions: at least five courses chosen from the following,
with at least two courses in each of two areas and one course in the third
area:
a.   Asian Religions - Religion 107, 208, 218, 390
b.   Christianity and American Religions - Religion 110, 140, 150, 155,
201, 261, 280, 295, 381, 395
c.   Islam and Judaism - Religion 105, 204, 205, 206 (Literature in
Translation 206), 225, 384
4.   Methods and Issues in Religious Studies: at least one course chosen
from among Religion 200 (Sociology 200), 212 (Philosophy 212), 217, 221
(Sociology 221), 241, 350, 396
5.   Six additional credits in religion

     HONORS: An Honors Program in religion is offered for qualified
students; see department head for details.

*RELIGION 100 (3) - Introduction to Religion
     An introduction to academic approaches to the study of religion, and
an examination of the nature of religion as expressed in the writings,
rituals, doctrines, ethics, and social contexts of Western and non-Western
religious communities. Staff.
     Winter, Spring

*RELIGION 101 (3) - Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
     An introduction to the history, literature and interpretation of the
Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament). Marks.
     Fall

*RELIGION 102 (3) - New Testament
     An introduction to the history, literature and interpretation of the
New Testament. Brown.
     Fall, Winter

*RELIGION 103 (3) - Introduction to Asian
     Religions
     A survey of the teachings, practices, and historical significance of
Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and Shinto. Davis.
     Winter

 
*Director of University's program, Society and the Professions: Studies in
Applied Ethics.
*RELIGION 105 (3) - Introduction to Islam
     and Judaism
     (Alternate years)
     An introductory examination and comparison of the history, literature,
religious life, and social forms of Islam and Judaism, as well as
contemporary challenges to each tradition. Issues in the general study of
religion are also addressed. Marks.
     Winter

*RELIGION 107 (3) - From Hinduism to Zen
     (Alternate years)
     A study of the beliefs, practices, and social implications of Hinduism
and Buddhism from pre-history to the present. Buddhism is studied both in
its early Indian forms and in its later developments in Southeast Asia,
China, and Japan. Davis.
     Fall

*RELIGION 110 (3) - Introduction to American
     Religion
     (Alternate years)
     What is "American" about American religion? What is "religious" about
American religion? This course introduces major unifying themes and
structural forms in American religious history. Substantive themes include,
for example, the attention to nature and to the events of American history
seen in Native American traditions and in American civil religions.
Structural forms include, for example, the congregation and the
denomination, resulting from the First Amendment and from the development
of the American churches. The course also examines the diversity of
religious expression in the United States, varying through periods of
American history and regions and among different populations. Sullivan.
     Winter

*[RELIGION 140 (3) - History of Christian Theology
     and Ethics]
     (Winter 1998 and alternate years)
     An introduction to diverse Christian ideas about God and God's
relation to the world, and the interaction between these ideas and the
moral practices and social institutions that have developed among
Christians. This study includes readings from primary sources beginning
with both testaments of Christian scripture and concluding with some
20th-century theological proposals. Beckley.

*RELIGION 150 (3) - Christian Ethics and
     Moral Problems: Ethics and Economics
     A study of Christian perspectives upon a particular moral problem or
problems. Especially designed to introduce freshmen and sophomores to
Christian theological and ethical reflections as related to moral issues.
Topic for 1996: Contemporary Protestant and Roman Catholic views on the
morality of economic activity and systems. Beckley.
     Fall

*[RELIGION 155 (3) - Theology and Ethics of
     Martin Luther King, Jr.]
     (Spring 1998 and alternate years)
     A study of selections from the writings of Martin Luther King, Jr., in
the context of King's leadership of the civil rights movement and the
changing political, economic, and intellectual milieu in which he acted and
thought. Moral issues such as political obligation and civil disobedience,
nonviolent resistance, and political and economic justice are considered.
Beckley.

*RELIGION 200 (Sociology 200) (3) - Religion and American Social
Institutions
     (Alternate years)
     A study of religion in American society in relation to other
fundamental social institutions - family, polity, economy, and education -
with special attention to religion and politics. This course meets the
general education requirement in social science only (area 6). White.
     Winter

*RELIGION 201 (3) - Contemporary Christian
     Theology and Ethics
     A critical examination of selected Protestant and Roman Catholic
theologians and ethicists, especially their understandings of God, Jesus
Christ, human nature, and morality. Beckley.
     Winter

*RELIGION 204 (3) - Judaism
     (Alternate years)
     Contemporary debates over "modernity" examined through readings in
traditional Jewish religious life, rabbinic literature, philosophy and
mysticism, Yiddish folk culture, and recent theological and political
writings. Marks.
     Fall

*[RELIGION 205 (3) - Modern Jewish Thought]
     (Winter 1998 and alternate years)
     A study of Jewish religious movements and representative philosophical
and religious writings of the last two centuries. Marks.
    
*RELIGION 206 (Literature in Translation 206) (3) - Modern Jewish
Literature in Translation
     Readings in the works of 20th-century authors such as Wiesel, Singer,
and Israeli poets and novelists. The writings are studied as literary
responses to the historical and religious crises of modern Jewish life in
Europe, the United States, and Israel. This course meets the general
education requirement in literature only (area 3). Marks.
     Spring
    
*RELIGION 208 (3) - Japanese Religion
     and Society
     (Alternate years)
     Historical survey of the religions of Japan (Shinto, Buddhism,
Confucianism, Christianity, and various popular religious movements) from
pre-history to the emergence of Japan as a post-modern industrial giant.
Davis.
     Fall
    
*RELIGION 212 (Philosophy 212) (3) - Philosophy and Religion
     An exploration of selected issues such as mystical and numinous
experiences and doctrines, theistic arguments,  faith and reason, religion
and morality, and religion and secularity. Sessions.
     Winter

*[RELIGION 217 (3) - Religion, Wealth, and Power]
     (Fall 1997 and alternate years)
     A comparative study of attitudes toward wealth and power in the
development of Europe and Japan. Special attention is given to the theories
of Max Weber. Davis.
    
*RELIGION 218 (3) - Comparative Religious Ethics
     (Alternate years)
     A study of religious and philosophical justifications of personal
virtue and social integrity in ancient Greece, India, China, and Japan. The
course covers Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and Shintoism.
Davis.
     Winter
    
*RELIGION 221 (Sociology 221) (3) - Sociology of Religion
     Theories of the origin and functions of religion; institutionalization
of religious belief, behavior, and social organization; conditions in which
religion maintains social stability and/or generates social change. This
course meets the general education requirement in fine arts, history,
philosophy, and religion only (area 4). White.
     Fall

*[RELIGION 225 (3) - Islam]
     (Fall 1997 and alternate years)
     An exploration of the religious dimension of current events and
debates in the Muslim world from the perspective of the history of Islam's
religious ideas and forms, literature, social theory, mysticism, and its
varying cultural expressions. Marks.
    
*[RELIGION 241 (3) - Female and Male in Western
     Religious Traditions]
     (Fall 1997 and alternate years)
     A broad survey of the gender specific roles and symbols employed in
Western religious traditions. Explores the development of gendered symbols
and gender-based roles for men and women through close reading of the texts
and traditions of the major Western religions. Readings are drawn from
several periods in the history of Greco-Roman religions, Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam, and focus both on the emergence of "normative"
roles for men and women and on some who challenge the norms in every
generation. Brown.
    
*RELIGION 261 (3) - Early Christian Thought:
     "Orthodoxy" and "Heresy"
     (Alternate years)
     Prerequisite: Religion 102 or permission of the instructor. An
exploration of the boundaries of the early Christian movement and its
evolving patterns of belief in the first four centuries. Questions
addressed include: What is Christian "right-opinion" (i.e. "orthodoxy") and
when does it emerge as a standard of Christian identity? What is "heresy"?
What makes a heretic? and What became of the earliest Christian "heretics"?
Readings in the New Testament, representative writings of early Christians
branded as "heretics" (e.g. the "gnostic gospels") and their critics. The
relevance of these topics for the Christian Church in the 20th century is
addressed. Brown.
     Fall

*RELIGION 270 (3) - Interreligious Dialogue
     (Alternate years)
     Prerequisite: One course in religion. This course examines the
literature of encounter between religious communities in order to
illuminate ways in which religious communities have rejected other
traditions as well as sought understanding and cooperation. Texts come from
Christian, Buddhist, Jewish, Hindu, and Muslim writers. Marks.
     Winter

*[RELIGION 280 (3) - American Catholicism]
     (Winter 1998 and alternate years)
     This course considers the history and experience of the Roman Catholic
church in America, from the first French and Spanish missionaries, through
the rise of the largely Irish and German immigrant church in the 19th
century, to the coming of age of the American Catholic community and its
response to Vatican II. Attention is given to the theology, ritual forms,
and cultural style of Catholic religious practice and to the history of the
Catholic community and its participation in the public life of the larger
American community. Sullivan.
    
*RELIGION 282 (3) - Approaches to the
     Study of Religion
     Prerequisite: A course in religion or permission of the department;
prospective majors and majors should take this course at the earliest
opportunity. A study of approaches to understanding religious life and
thought as found in selected writings in anthropology, philosophy,
psychology, sociology, theology, and comparative religion. Beckley.
     Winter

*RELIGION 295 (3) - Introduction to the
     Christian Tradition: Thomas Aquinas
     An introduction to perduring issues in Christian theology and ethics
through study of one or more of the classical Christian theologians. Topic
for 1996: The theological, ethical,  and political writings of Thomas
Aquinas. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the
topics are different. Beckley.
     Fall
*[RELIGION 350 (3) - Religion and Law]
     (Spring 1998 and alternate years)
     Prerequisite: Three credits in religion or permission of the
instructor. An examination of encounters between religious and legal
discourse using religious and legal materials from a variety of sources and
historical periods, including judicial opinions, trial transcripts, and
legislative and administrative materials. Sullivan.