COURSE INFORMATION:

Course Additions

  ACCOUNTING 356 (3) - Taxation Accounting II.  (Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.)  Prerequisite: Accounting 355.  An analysis of federal income tax laws as they relate to corporations, partnerships, and estates and trusts.  Wheeler.

CLASSICS 203 (Literature in Translation 203) (3) - Greek Literature from Homer to the Early Hellenistic Period.  Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.  Readings in translation from Homer, Hesiod, the tragedians, the comedians and the lyric and pastoral poets, including selections from Herodotus and Thucydides, and from Plato's and Aristotle's reflections on literature.  The course include readings from modern critical writings and independent study in literary topics of interest to each student.  Pellicciaro.  Fall

 CLASSICS 204 (Literature in Translation 204) (3) - Latin Literature from the Hellenistic Period to the End of the Empire.  Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.  Readings from the major Latin texts, including the plays, rhetorical writings, speeches, histories, elegiac and pastoral poetry of the Republic; Vergil, Ovid, and the epic poets, playwrights, satirists, novelists, rhetoricians and moralists of the Empire.   The course include readings from modern critical writings and independent study in literary topics of interest to each student.  Pellicciaro.  Winter

 The above courses will be options for satisfying the general education requirement in literature (Area 3).

 ECONOMICS 205 (3) - The Economics of Social Issues.  Prerequisites: Economics 101 and 102 and sophomore standing.  A survey of several important social issues and the associated government programs.  The focus is on welfare reform, taxes, education, social security and health care.  Analysis and evaluation of these initiatives relies heavily on basic economic concepts but also includes perspectives from politics and moral philosophy.  Winfrey.  Spring

 ENGLISH 215 (3) - British Literature:  World War I through the Present. (Spring 1999 and alternate years)   A general survey of the history and development of British literature from Modernist through Contemporary literature.  Selected texts studied in class.  Students develop their analytical writing skills in a series of short papers. Staff.  Spring

 ENGLISH 290 (3) - Seminar for Prospective Majors.  Prerequisites: At least one course chosen from English 206, 207, 209, 210, 212, 213, 214, 225, 226, 227, 231, 232 and 233, sophomore standing and permission of instructor. A study of a topic in literature issuing in a research process and sustained critical writing.  Examples of topics include The Lost Generation, Chivalry, and Jane Austen. Staff.  Fall, Winter, Spring
 
 This course will be an option for satisfying the general education requirement in literature (Area 3).

 FRENCH 164 (3) - Advanced Intermediate French.  Prerequisite: Departmental permission as a result of placement examination for entering students.  An intensive review of all four skills -- speaking, listening, reading and writing -- for freshmen with a strong background in French.  Staff.  Fall

 The above course will be an option for satisfying the general education requirement in language (Area 2).

 FRENCH 251 (3) - Civilisation et culture françaises: La France d'aujourd'hui.  Prerequisites: French 162, 164 or equivalent and permission of the instructor.  A study of modern France from the 19th century to the present day.  Emphasis on economic, political and social issues as well as the arts.  Readings, discussions and papers primarily in French for further development of communication skills.  Frégnac-Clave.  Fall

 INTERDEPARTMENTAL 110 (3) - Introduction to Environmental Studies.  Prerequisite: Freshman or sophomore standing or permission of the instructor.  An interdisciplinary introduction to environmental studies with an emphasis on how societies organize themselves through their social, political and economic institution to respond to environmental problems.  Topics include sustainability, property and land, intergenerational justice, biodiversity, risk, and institutional analysis.  Case studies of contemporary issues and discussion of the development of ecological ideas.  Ruscio.  Fall, Winter

 The above course will be an option for satisfying the general education requirement in social sciences (Area 6).

 MANAGEMENT 357 (3) - Multinational Business Finance.  Prerequisite: Management 221.  A study of the critical aspects of managerial finance in a multinational setting, covering both theoretical and practical issues.  Emphasis is placed on identifying the unique risk-return opportunities faced by corporations that maintain business units across national borders.  Topics included are foreign exchange and exchange rate determination, international capital markets, the environment of multinational corporate finance, and cross-border investment decisions.  Text, readings and projects.  R. Anderson. Winter

 MANAGEMENT 453 (3) - Internship.  Prerequisites: Junior standing, Williams School major, and permission of the department.  A limited number of off-campus, summer positions open to Williams School majors.  Selection is competitive, based on academic performance and personal interviews.  Each intern is closely supervised by a member of the management department.  Students register for the credits as part of a normal class load for the following fall term, during which they write an in-depth research paper related to their intern experiences.  Pirkle.  Fall

MATHEMATICS 195 (3) - Special Topics in Contemporary Mathematics.  Prerequisite: Mathematics 101 or 121 depending on course topic.  A selected mathematical topic of current widespread interest.  Staff.  Spring

 This course may satisfy the general education requirement in sciences and mathematics (area 5c.).

 MATHEMATICS 340 (3) - Classical Geometry. (Offered in the spring term when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.) Prerequisite: Mathematics 221.  A survey of the world of geometry primarily for prospective high school teachers, featuring exposure to current computer technology in the field, construction of geometric models, and an historical and axiomatic development.  Basic concepts are developed through non-Euclidian geometry.  McRae.

 MUSIC 115 (1) - University Jazz Ensemble.  Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.  This course may be repeated.  The University Jazz Ensemble is made up of woodwind, brass and rhythm section players and performs in a wide range of styles, from early swing to contemporary sounds.  Vosbein.  Fall, Winter

MUSIC 221 (3) - History of Jazz.  A study of the development of jazz from its roots in turn-of-the-century New Orleans to contemporary styles.  Strong emphasis is placed on listening and recognition of the performers and composers discussed.  Vosbein.  Fall

MUSIC 260 (3) - Analytical Techniques.  Prerequisite: Music 162.  An analytical study of compositions focusing primarily on works from the classical and romantic periods.  Vosbein.  Fall

 MUSIC 263 (3) - Form and Style.  (Winter 1999 and alternate years) Prerequisite: Music 260.  Study of binary, ternary, sonata, rondo, and theme and variation forms.  Vosbein

MUSIC 333 (3) - 20th-Century Musical Literature. (Winter 2000 and alternate years) Prerequisites: Music 260 and permission of the instructor.  Analysis of a small number of significant 20th-century compositions, concentrating on listening an score study.  Vosbein

 These courses may satisfy the general education requirement in fine arts, history, philosophy, and religion (area 4).

 NEUROSCIENCE 403 (3) - Directed Individual Study.  Prerequisite: Permission of the Neuroscience Faculty.  Limited to students who have attempted unsuccessfully an honors thesis in neuroscience.  Staff.

 NEUROSCIENCE 493 (3-3) - Honors Thesis.  Prerequisites: Senior standing and honors candidacy. Individual conference. Fall-Winter.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 149 - Bowling.  (Additional fees and provide own transportation) Staff.  Winter: 1st six weeks, 2nd second weeks.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 180 - Wilderness Leadership. Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and Physical Education 174 or equivalent experience.  Staff.  Winter

 These courses may satisfy the general education requirement in physical education (area 7).

PHYSICS 103 (1) - Natural Philosophy Laboratory. Corequisite: Physics 101.  A laboratory course to accompany Physics 101.  Laboratory exercises in classical and modern physics.  Donaghy.  Fall

 PHYSICS 111 (3) - General Physics I. Prerequisite or corequisite: Mathematics 101. An introduction to classical mechanics and thermodynamics.  Topics include Newton's laws, wave motion and the laws of thermodynamics.  Should under most circumstances be taken simultaneously with Physics 113. For laboratory science credit (general education area 5a.), Physics 113 is a corequisite.    Staff.  Fall

 PHYSICS 112 (3) - General Physics II.  Prerequisite: Physics 111. A continuation of Physics 111.  Topics include electricity and magnetism, optics, relativity, and quantum theory.  Should under most circumstances be taken simultaneously with Physics 114. For laboratory science credit (general education area 5a.), Physics 114 is a corequisite.    Staff.  Winter

PHYSICS 113 (1) - General Physics Laboratory I.  Corequisite: Physics 111. A laboratory course to accompany Physics 111.  Laboratory exercises in classical mechanics and thermodynamics. Staff.  Fall

PHYSICS 114 (1) - General Physics Laboratory II.  Prerequisites: Physics 111, 113.  Corequisite: Physics 112. A laboratory course to accompany Physics 112.  Laboratory exercises in electricity and magnetism, optics and modern physics.  Staff.  Winter

 POLITICS 295 (3) - Special Topics in Politics. Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and either freshman or sophomore standing.  A seminar in political science for students at the introductory or intermediate level.  Topic, hour and instructor will be announced prior to registration. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.  Staff.  Spring

 PSYCHOLOGY 258 (3) - Psychobiology of Sensation.  (Fall 1998 and alternate years) Prerequisite: Neuroscience 120 or Psychology 111.  An examination of the neural mechanisms of sensory function.  Topics include sensory development, effects of disease states on sensory function, sensory transduction, and sensory systems as the interface between the organism and the environment.  Both human and animal data is considered.  R. Stewart.

RELIGION 115 (3) - Religion and Responsibility. (Spring 1999 and alternate years) Beginning in the 17th century, the concept of "response-ability" began to migrate from the courts to nearly all areas of ethical reflection.  Today, "responsibility" has become one of the salient features of morality.  This course examines the general nature of responsibility by reading critical works by Nietzsche, Weber, Kierkegaard and various 20th-century writers, and by studying religious texts from the Jewish, Christian, Hindu, Buddhist and Confucian traditions.  Davis.

RELIGION 131 (3) - Buddhism. (Winter 1998 and alternate years)  A survey of Buddhism with special emphasis on Buddhist ethics and social movements.  After a brief consideration of the Hindu origins of Buddhism, the course focuses on the development of the Theravada, Vajrayana and Mahayana traditions.  A class trip to at least one Buddhist center is included.  Davis.

 RELIGION 132 (3) - God and Goddess in Hinduism. (Winter 1998 and alternate years) This course explores the many ways in which Hindus visualize and talk about the divine and its manifestations in the world using mythic stories, images used in worship, explanations of the nature of the soul and body in relation to the divine, and the belief in human embodiments of the divine in Hindu holy men and women.  Topics include: the religious meanings of masculine and feminine in the divine and human contexts; the idea of local, family and "chosen" divinities; and forms of Hindu devotion for men and women. Lubin

RELIGION 152 (3) - Modern Christianity.  (Fall 1998 and alternate years) This course begins with an examination of various periodizations of modernity and an examination of the roots of the modern churches in the Renaissance, Protestant and Catholic Reformations, the Counter-Reformation, and the Enlightenment.  The development of modern churches is traced through the 19th and 20th centuries with a view to understanding the distinctiveness of different institutional and theological developments, giving special attention to the spread of Christianity outside Europe and North America.  Sullivan.

RELIGION 195 (3) - Special Topics in Religion.  A course offered from time to time in a selected problem or topic in religion.  May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.  Staff

RELIGION 231 (3) - Spiritual Disciplines in India. Indian yogis, monks and ascetics pursue extraordinary paths that invert the normal aims and values of society.  This course surveys the teachings on spiritual training and self-cultivation developed in India, their conceptual basis, the range of techniques used, and their philosophical development in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.  Questions addressed include the purpose of these teachings and for whom they were designed, and the roles yogis and ascetics play in religious life and their ethical status in the world.  Lubin.

RELIGION 265 (3) - Sainthood in Four Traditions. A survey of sainthood in a variety of religious contexts: Christian, Islamic, Hindu, Buddhist. The course asks: "What makes someone holy? How do saints behave? How and why are they worshipped?"  Readings include sacred biographies (hagiographies), studies of particular traditions of saint worship, and interpretations of sainthood in both theological and cross-cultural perspectives.  Lubin.  Fall

RELIGION 295 (3) - Special Topics in Religion.  Prerequisite will vary according to the topic. A course offered from time to time in a selected problem or topic in religion.  May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.  Staff

RELIGION 395 (3) - Advanced Seminar in Religion.  Prerequisite will vary according to the topic. An advanced seminar offered from time to time, depending on student interest and staff availability, in a selected problem or topic in religion.  May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.  Staff

 These courses may satisfy the general education requirement in fine arts, history, philosophy, and religion (area 4).

 SPANISH 295 (3) - Special Topics in Conversation: Hispanic Cinema. (One-time offering, Spring 1998) Prerequisites: Three credits at the 200-level in Spanish and permission of the instructor.  Further development of listening and speaking skills necessary for advanced discussion.  Acquisition of both practical and topic-specific vocabulary as related to historical, socio-political, and/or other cultural themes. Topic for 1998: Dramatic, aesthetic and social representations of Hispanic cinema. Barnett and Mayock

SPANISH 396 (3) - Spanish-American Seminar. (Alternate years) Prerequisites: Two 300-level Spanish courses and permission of the instructor.  A seminar focusing on a single period, genre, motif or writer of Spanish-American literature.  The specific topic will be determined jointly according to student interest and departmental approval.  Recent topics have included: "Mexico contemporaneo y su literatura" and "El quincentenario de Colon."  May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.  Staff.

 This course may satisfy the general education requirement in literature (area 3).
 

Course Revisions

  ANTHROPOLOGY 378, Archaeological Field Survey Techniques, from three credits to four, effective with the fall term of 1998.

 CHEMISTRY 250, Inorganic Chemistry, from three credits to two
 
 CHEMISTRY 252, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, from one credit to two

 CHEMISTRY 254, Bioinorganic Chemistry, from one credit to two

 ECONOMICS/MANAGEMENT 201 (3) - Elementary Applied Statistics - remove the following phrase: "Not open to those with credit for Mathematics 118."  Students may now take both these statistics courses and count them both toward degree requirements.

 ECONOMICS 250 renumbered to ECONOMICS 350 (3) - Public Finance

 ECONOMICS 371 (3), International Finance (new title)

 ENGLISH 212 (3) - British Literature:  Old English Poetry through Donne.  A general survey of the history and development of British literature from its beginning through the metaphysical poets. Selected texts studied in class. Students develop their analytical writing skills in a series of short papers. Staff. Fall.
 
ENGLISH 213 (3) - British Literature:  Milton through Keats.  A general survey of the history and development of British literature from the Restoration through the Romantics.  Selected texts studied in class.  Students develop their analytical writing skills in a series of short papers. Staff.  Winter.
 
ENGLISH 214 (3) - British Literature:  Tennyson through Hardy. (Spring 1998 and alternate years)  A general survey of the history and development of British literature from the early Victorians through the beginning of World War I.  Selected texts studied in class.  Students develop their analytical writing skills in a series of short papers. Staff.  Spring.
 
ENGLISH 380 (3) - Advanced Seminar.  Prerequisites: Six credits in English and permission of the instructor.  Enrollment limited.  A seminar course on a topic, genre, figure or school (e.g. romanticism, comedy, Ben Jonson, the Transcendentalists) with special emphasis on research and discussion.  The topic will be limited in scope to permit study in depth.  Student suggestions for topics are welcome.  May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.  Staff.  Fall, Winter, Spring

 FRENCH 250 (3) - Civilisation et culture françaises: L'ancien régime.  Prerequisites: French 162, 164 or equivalent and permission of the instructor.  A study of significant periods in French history, from the Gauls to the Revolution.  Emphasis on economic, sociological and historical changes that shape present-day institutions and national identity.  Readings, discussion and papers primarily in French for further development of communication skills.  Frégnac-Clave.  Winter

HISTORY 109 (3) - History of Ancient Egypt.   Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.  The origins of civilization and the bronze age ideology; the rise of dynastic Egypt and its relations with the other African, Near Eastern and Mediterranean states; Pharaonic society, art, literature, and mythology; the New Kingdom, the empire, and the collapse of the Bronze Age system; social, technological, commercial, and climatic change and the advent of the Iron Age.  Sanders.  Fall

 MANAGEMENT 364 (6) - Study Abroad in Global Marketing Management.  Prerequisite: Management 211.  A study of marketing management in a global setting, with coverage of marketing theory and practice.  Emphasis is placed on marketing vision in global firms, assessment of foreign and domestic markets, industry and competitive analysis, foreign market entry, formulation of global marketing strategy, organization design, strategy assessment and continuous improvement.  Students analyze global marketing cases, prepare written papers for discussion, participate in group presentations and take field trips to develop knowledge and skills.  Substantial cultural and academic preparation is required prior to departure for Sweden.  Lamont.  Spring 1998 only.  Taught at Jonkoping International Business School, Sweden.

MATHEMATICS 118 (3) - Introduction to Statistics - remove the following phrase: "Students may not receive credit for both Economics/Management 201 and Mathematics 118."  Students may now take both these statistics courses and count them both toward degree requirements.

 MATHEMATICS 341 (3) - Geometric Topology. (Fall 1998 and alternate years) Prerequisite: Mathematics 221.  A study of the shape of space focusing on characteristics not detected by geometry alone.  Topics are approached pragmatically and include point set topology of Euclidean space, map-coloring problems, knots, the shape of the Universe, surfaces, graphs and trees, the fundamental group, the Jordan Curve Theorem, and homology.  McRae.

 MATHEMATICS 342 (3) - Modern Geometry. (Winter 1999 and alternate years) Prerequisite: Mathematics 221.  A survey of recent developments in geometry, a subject with an array of applications ranging from DNA to creation theories of Nature's fundamental forces.  Topics include geodesics, Clairant's relation, soap bubbles and minimal surfaces, holonomy, the Gauss-Bonnet Theorem, Foucault's Pendulum, Bjorling's Problem, and the calculus of variations.  McRae.

MUSIC 261 (3) - Counterpoint.  (Winter 2000 and alternate years) Prerequisite: Music 260.  Analytical study of the works of J. S. Bach and others, including inventions, fugues and canons.  Vosbein.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 102 - Therapeutic Exercise.  A specialized course employing physical rehabilitation techniques.  Students with an acute physical impairment are assigned through consultation with the University Physician in lieu of other physical education courses.  May be repeated for degree credit with permission.  Staff.  Fall, Winter, Spring

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 178 - Dance.  Students may take this course only once, regardless of the type of dance.  Staff.  Fall, Winter: Ballet (B), Modern (M).  (This approval is contingent upon arrangement of a suitable teaching location.)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 312 (2) - Lifeguard Training.  A course designed to provide the fundamental principles and skills of lifeguarding, leading to American Red Cross certification.  Jacobs, Moore.  Winter

PHYSICS 101 (3) - Natural Philosophy.  The study of motion from Copernicus to Einstein.  A brief look at the Copernican Revolution is followed by more detailed studies of Newtonian mechanics and Einstein's special theory of relativity.  Some of the basic ideas of general relativity and the theory of elementary particles are discussed.  Designed for non-science majors wishing to satisfy general education requirements.  Elementary algebra and geometry are used.  Not open to students who have received credit for Physics 108 or 112.  For laboratory science credit (general education area 5a.), Physics 103 is a corequisite.  Donaghy.  Fall

RELIGION 107 (3) - Religions of India.  This course introduces the central themes and ideals of the Hindu and Buddhist traditions as they developed in India.  Students read important texts (devotional poetry, mystical instruction, myths and legends) and study ways in which Hindus and Buddhists have worshiped and sought to live religious lives.  Topics include different Indian conceptions of the divine in the world; how Hindus and Buddhists have understood the human condition; and the role of religion in Indian society, past and present.  Lubin.

RELIGION 208 (3) - Religion and Society in China and Japan.  (Fall 1998 and alternate years)  A survey of the main religious and philosophical traditions of China and Japan (including Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and Shinto) from pre-history to the present.  The class reads primary texts representing the main Chinese and Japanese traditions and will relate them to the historical development of East Asian civilization.  Davis

RELIGION 396 (Sociology 396) (3) - Seminar in the Sacred and the Social. (Spring 1999 and alternate years) Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.  This seminar examines theoretical issues raised by the study of religion, values and society through a study of the sociology of Max Weber and Ernst Troeltsch and the religious and philosophical background of their work.  This course meets the general education requirement in fine arts, history, philosophy and religion only (area 4).  Davis

 The above courses will be options for satisfying the general education requirement in fine arts, history, philosophy, and religion (Area 4).

SPANISH 395 (3) - Peninsular Seminar. Prerequisites: Two 300-level Spanish courses and permission of the instructor.  A seminar focusing on a single period, genre, motif or writer of Peninsular Spanish literature.  The specific topic will be determined jointly according to student interest and departmental approval.  Recent topics have included: "The Female Voice in Hispanic Literature," "19th- and 20th-Century Spanish Drama," and "The Women of the Golden Age."  May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different.  Staff

 This course may satisfy the general education requirement in literature (area 3).
 
 UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS 101 (1) — Dante and Machiavelli: Giants of the Renaissance, Precursors of Modernity.  Radulescu. Winter (2nd six weeks)

  UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS 201 (3) — Dante and Machiavelli: Giants of the Renaissance, Precursors of Modernity.  Situated at the different ends of the Italian Renaissance, two centuries apart, Dante and Machiavelli are not only two of the most prominent minds of all times and founders of humanism but also visionaries whose works left an indelible mark on the thinking, philosophy, literature and civilization of the western world.  We owe more of our vision of the afterworld to Dante's Divina Commedia than to the Bible and it is hard to discuss modern politics and morality without the commonly used term "machiavellian."  The course consists of an interdisciplinary approach to Dante's Inferno and Machiavelli's The Prince and The Mandrake.  These texts are studied from the point of view of the theology, mythology, philosophy, politics and aesthetics of which they are representative as well as in terms of their appeal and significance for modern thinking and society.  One reason for choosing to combine these two very different thinkers in one course is precisely the fact that they stand respectively at the beginning and the end of the Renaissance and face each other as two humanists at odds with each other, thus embodying the very extremes and contradictions of their times.  Radulescu.  Spring. GE3

  UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS 202 (3) — Statistical Inference and the Normal Curve.   The Normal Curve is introduced and used to test elementary statistical hypotheses.  Relevant properties of vectors and matrices are then established, permitting the study of more elaborate (linear) statistical models.  The successful student will obtain an overview of applied statistics, and will also gain insight into the nature of mathematical proof. Vinson.  Winter. GE5c.

  UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS 203 (3) — Economic Themes in Literature and Film.  The purpose of this seminar is to enhance understanding of the causes and consequences of economic issues by examining economic themes in literature and film.  Viewing economic issues through the prism of literature and film offers a richer understanding of the human experience.  The course fosters the development and use of critical thinking, effective writing, oral presentation skills, and visual analysis.  The reading list includes Looking Backward (Edward Bellamy) and In a Free State (Richard Wright).  Films include Ragtime (Milos Forman, 1981), Metropolis (Fritz Lang, 1927), Death of a Salesman (Volker Schlöndorff, 1986), Do the Right Thing (Spike Lee, 1989), and Frankenstein (James Whale, 1931).  Goldsmith.  Fall. GE6 in economics.

Course Deletions

 Chemistry 351 (1), Advanced Inorganic Synthesis
 Classics/Literature in Translation 201 (3), The Greek and Roman Myths
 Classics/Literature in Translation 202 (3), Greek and Latin Literature in Translation
 English 234 (3), Seminar
 English 235 (3), Seminar
 English 381 (3), Advanced Seminar
 English 382 (3), Advanced Seminar
 English 383 (3), Advanced Seminar
 English 384 (3), Advanced Seminar
 French 151-152 (6), Intensive Review: Beginning and Intermediate French
 German 396 (3), Seminar
 History 328 (3, Senior Seminar in European History
 Mathematics 302 (3), Geometry
 Music 262 (3), 20th-Century Theory and Composition.
 Physics 102 (3), Natural Philosophy (lecture only)
 Physics 108 (4), General Physics I
 Physics 109 (4), General Physics II

Revisions to Major Requirements

 Revise all catalog copy (e.g. page 82), general education requirements, and requirements for biology (leading to a Bachelor of Science), chemistry, chemistry-engineering, forestry-environmental studies, geology, mathematics, physics, and physics-engineering majors to require Physics 111 and 113 or Physics 112 and 114 in place of Physics 108 or 109, respectively.

 Archaeology and Anthropology
 "A major in archaeology and anthropology leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree consists of at least 40 credits as follows: ..."

 Chemistry (Bachelor of Science with Special Attainment in Chemistry)
 Total credits required  changed from 61 credits to 60 credits.

 Classics
 "... 2. At least 12 credits chosen from the following:
  Courses in Latin or Greek in addition to those used in 1. above
  Classics 200 (Art 200)
  Classics 203 (Literature in Translation 203)
  Classics 204 (Literature in Translation 204) ..."

 English
 "A major in English leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires 36 credits and successful completion of the comprehensive examination.  The credits must include:
 1. English 290;
 2. Three to nine credits from English 206, 207, 209, 210, 212, 213, 214, 215, 225, 226, 227, 231, 232, and 233;
 3. 24-30 additional credits from courses numbered at the 300 level or above;
 4. At least nine credits must be chosen from each of the following areas, with no more than one 200-level course counting in each:
  a. Early British Literature: English 210, 212, 213, 312, 313, 314, 316, 318, 319, 320, 326, 330, 333, 334, 370, and when the topic is appropriate, 206, 232, 233, 290, 380, 403, and 493;
  b. Later British Literature and World Literature in English: English 213, 214, 215 335, 341, 345, 347, 348, 350, 351, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 359, 360, 370, and when the topic is appropriate, 206, 207, 232, 233, 290, 380, 403, and 493;
  c. American literature: English 209, 225, 226, 227, 354, 359, 360, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, and when the topic is appropriate, 206, 207, 232, 233, 290, 380, 403, and 493.
 The English faculty urges majors to craft their courses of study to include lyric poetry, narrative, nonfictional prose, and drama."

 French
 "1. Core courses (27 credits)
  a. French 261 and 262
  b. One course chosen from 195, 213, 215, 250, 251, 285, 286 and 295 ..."

 German literature
 "3. Three credits in each of the following four groups:
  German 313 or 315 German 347 or 349
  German 314 or 316 German 395
 4. Six additional credits in literature chosen from the following:  German 313 ... 349, 395."

 Music
 "...3. Nine credits chosen from ensemble (108-115) or applied music ..."
 "Note: Limits of eight credits in ensemble courses (Music 108-115) ..."

 Neuroscience
 "A major in neuroscience leading to a Bachelor of Science degree requires the completion of at least the following 50 credits:
 1. Biology 112, 215, 220, Chemistry 241, 242, Neuroscience 120, 395, Psychology 111, 180, 253
 2. either Biology 250 or 365
 3. one course chosen from Psychology 255, 257 or 258
 4. at least nine credits chosen from the following...
  Biology 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 492-496
  Chemistry 421, 422, 423, 433, 436, 439, 471, 472, 473, 493
  Computer Science 251 (Engineering 251)
  Neuroscience 403, 493
  Psychology 353, 355, 357, 431, 432, 433, 473, 493"

 An honors program is available for senior neuroscience majors with a major grade-point average of at 3.500 at the end of the junior year and approval of the neuroscience faculty.  Students must complete both a written thesis and an oral defense with a combined grade of A- or higher.

 Psychology (leading to a Bachelor of Arts)
 "3. Two courses selected from Psychology 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, and 258"

 Psychology (leading to a Bachelor of Science)
 "4. Two courses selected from Psychology 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, and 258"

 Religion
 "Note: The religion courses are not listed sequentially but rather according to the following scheme.  Within the 100, 200 and 300 levels, the last two digits indicate the following course groupings: 00-29 Methods & Issues; 30-49 Asian; 50-69 Christian; 70-89 Islam & Judaism; 90-99 Topics."

 "A major in religion leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires completion of at least 37 credits in religion as follows.  A maximum of 15 credits at the 100-level may count toward major requirements.
 1. Religion 103, 210, 431 and a thesis (Religion 473 or 493-493)
 2. Either Religion 101 or 102
 3. Religious Traditions: five additional courses chosen from the following, with at least two in each of two areas and one in the third area:
  a. Asian Religions - Religion 130, 131, 132, 230, 231, 340; 195, 295 or 395 when the topic is appropriate
  b. Christianity - Religion 150, 151, 152, 155, 240, 251, 255, 260, 350, 355; 195, 295 or 395 when the topic is appropriate
  c. Islam and Judaism - Religion 105, 271, 272 (Literature in Translation 272), 275, 280, 370; 195, 295 or 395 when the topic is appropriate
 4. Methods and Issues in Religious Studies: at least one course chosen from among Religion 110, 115, 200 (Sociology 200), 212 (Philosophy 212), 215, 216, 218, 220, 221 (Sociology 221), 305, 310, 315 (Sociology 315)
 5. Six additional credits in religion"

 Romance languages
 "2. Completion of the intermediate level or its equivalent in a second Romance language (French 162, 164; Spanish 162, 164)"

 Russian studies
 "4. 12 credits chosen from the following Russian Studies courses not used to satisfy the above requirements:
  Art 380, when the topic is appropriate ..."
 

Policy information:

Policy Revisions

(March 1997)  page 58, late Pass/Fail grade declaration - effective Spring 1997
 "   8.  Pass/Fail Grade: After attaining sophomore standing a student is permitted to take each term one elective course (not a course used for the student's major or a course used to fulfill a general education requirement) in which the grade of Pass or Fail is given, to which no grade points are assigned. However, only 18 credits of such work may be offered toward satisfying graduation requirements. A student receiving an F will receive no credit toward the degree, but the F will be used in computing the term and cumulative grade-point average. No course may be repeated on a Pass/Fail basis. A course for which the grade of P has been received may not be repeated. The student must complete a Pass/Fail form and must obtain permission of the instructor in order to take a course on a Pass/Fail basis. Changes to or from this category are limited to the first week of a term during which the class is scheduled to meet. Exceptions to this last policy may only be granted by the Faculty Executive Committee upon student petition and payment of the appropriate fee."

(April 1997) page 60, drop/add procedures - effective Fall 1997

 "CHANGE OF STUDY
  1. Changes of classes and schedules without charge are limited to the drop/add period held during the first calendar week of the fall and winter terms and the first four days of the spring term. No change in course of study is official until the proper form, bearing the signatures of the instructor(s) or department head(s) concerned and of the faculty adviser, has been received and recorded by the University Registrar's office. Changes involving only a switching of class sections must have departmental approval but need not have the academic adviser's signature. After the first week of a term, students dropping a course which is being repeated will receive an F. (See "Repetition of Courses.")
  Faculty members may require a previously registered student to drop a class if the student misses the first class meeting of the term without the prior approval of the instructor. In such cases the student is responsible for the appropriate forms and fees. Students may alter their schedules after the drop/add period, before the end of the third week of a term, with permission of the instructor and the adviser and payment of the fee.  Upon recommendation of a student's academic adviser, discretionary adjustments for a freshman may be permitted by the appropriate dean  before the end of the third week of a term and without charge. Students who wish to make any change after the time designated for making changes must petition the Faculty Executive Committee for a waiver of the deadline and pay the appropriate fee.
  2. After the period for changes outlined above, a grade of F in the course will be entered on the students' records if the work load is reduced for reasons other than those listed below: ...
  B. If students are enrolled in courses totaling 15 or more credits and if their success is endangered by the extra work, the overload may be reduced or eliminated without charge upon the recommendation of the adviser and approval of the instructor and the appropriate dean without a recorded grade, provided the reduction is made  by the end of the third week of the fall or winter term.  During the spring term students carrying nine or more credits may drop the extra work without charge prior to the  end of the third week of the spring term  as outlined above so long as the work load does not fall below six credits. After the first week of a term, students dropping a course which is being repeated will receive an F. (See "Repetition of Courses.")"

(September 1997) page 63-64, Advanced Standing - effective Fall 1997

 "Freshmen, at the discretion of the Dean of the College, may be allowed to take University- administered examinations for college credit on work done in approved secondary schools in computer science, foreign language or mathematics."

(March 1997)  page 64, class standing - effective Fall 1997

 "CLASS STANDING
  For purposes of registration, selection of courses, and listing in the catalogue, the following definitions are given of class standing. The definitions apply for the purposes specified only, and do not signify full standing or the completion of University requirements.
 1. A student obtains sophomore standing upon completion of a full year of college study.
 2. A student obtains junior standing upon completion of two full years of college study.
 3. A student obtains senior standing upon completion of three full years of college study."

(March 1997)  page 65-66, Automatic Rule (academic suspension) and probation - effective Fall 1997

 "AUTOMATIC RULE AND ACADEMIC PROBATION
  All students at Washington and Lee are expected to make progress toward attaining their degrees. Their progress is judged by the quality of their academic work as measured by their grade-point averages. Failure to make the minimum progress as defined below will result in probation or in review and action by the Committee on the Automatic Rule and Readmissions.

 Automatic Rule
  At the end of an academic term, students on probation are suspended for academic reasons under the Automatic Rule and thus sever their connection with the University if the cumulative grade-point average of all academic work attempted at Washington and Lee falls below the following standards:
 1.  for the freshman year (two or three terms in attendance) - 1.500
 2.  for the sophomore year (four, five or six terms in attendance) - 1.600
 3.  for the junior year (seven, eight or nine terms in attendance) - 1.800
 4.  for the senior or any subsequent year (ten or more terms in attendance) - 1.900

 The following also fall under the Automatic Rule:
 1. those students readmitted on probation failing to meet the grade-point standard required by the Committee on the Automatic Rule and Readmissions; or
 2. those students withdrawing from the University during any term for reasons other than medical and having a cumulative grade-point average below 1.900; or
 3. those students who have had two or more consecutive term grade-point averages of 1.000 or less; or
 4. at the end of the winter term, those students unable to remove their probationary status by attempting no more than eight credits during the spring term.

  Application for immediate reinstatement for students falling under the Automatic Rule must be made in writing to the Associate Dean of the College, chair of the Committee on the Automatic Rule and Readmissions, prior to the committee's meetings in December, April and June. Academic probation is required for any student reinstated under the Automatic Rule. Immediate reinstatement is the exception rather than the rule.

  A student who has been suspended from the University under the Automatic Rule and not immediately reinstated may apply for readmission after a minimum absence of one year (see "Readmission").

 Academic Probation
  At the end of any term , the student is placed on academic probation for the following term if his or her cumulative grade-point average of all academic work attempted at Washington and Lee falls below the class standard (see "Automatic Rule"). Any student whose term grade-point average is 1.000 or lower for a term may be placed on probation by the Committee on the Automatic Rule and Readmissions.

  Students placed on academic probation are warned of their precarious position and advised to limit their participation in extracurricular activities during the period of their probation. Students whose probationary status is not removed by the end of the next term fall under the Automatic Rule."
 

(April 1997) page 84, General Education requirement in social sciences (area 6) - effective immediately

 "A student must take at least nine credits, which may include Interdepartmental 110 and must include courses from at least two of the following four areas: ..."

(February 1997) page 86, eligibility for Independent Work major - effective Fall 1997
 "Students who have achieved a minimum cumulative grade-point average of 2.750 by the end of the sophomore year and who believe they would benefit educationally from a major not outlined in this catalogue may prepare a proposal for a major of independent work."
 

Policy Additions
(March 1997)  pages 28 and 70-74 - effective Fall 1997

 THE SJC BLUE BOOK

 I. SJC Statement of Purpose and Jurisdiction

  When asked by a visitor what rules he had implemented to encourage responsible student behavior, Robert E. Lee, then president of Washington College, replied, "We have only one rule - that each student conduct himself as a gentleman." The students of Washington College took Lee's words to heart and continued to live by them when the college was renamed Washington and Lee University in 1871. Today, the students at Washington and Lee University still hold each other accountable to Lee's expectations for honorable behavior, character, and integrity.

 The Student Judicial Council (hereafter SJC) was created by authority of the faculty of Washington and Lee to promote Lee's notion of individual responsibility. The SJC investigates and acts upon complaints of alleged student misconduct except for dishonorable acts that involve lying, cheating, stealing, or other breaches of trust which are under the jurisdiction of the Executive Committee; acts that involve sexual misconduct which are under the jurisdiction of the Student-Faculty Hearing Board; and acts of hazing which are under the jurisdiction of the SAC Hearing Board. The SJC's jurisdiction extends to all conduct in Lexington and Rockbridge County, as well as nearby colleges, conduct while engaged in any University-related activity, and conduct engaged in while identifiable as a student of Washington and Lee University. The SJC is designed to affirm the student's obligation to individual responsibility and to see that obligation fulfilled.

 II. The SJC

1. The SJC shall be comprised of the elected justice of each undergraduate class, the elected justice from each law class (who shall be the elected president of each law class), the SJC Chair and the SJC Secretary (both elected by the student body). The runners-up will be alternate justices. All elections will be held in accordance with the Student Body Constitution.

2. The elected justice from each undergraduate and law class, the SJC Chair, and the SJC Secretary shall have voting privileges and shall be required to attend weekly meetings and hearings. Failure to attend meetings and hearings in the absence of extenuating circumstances will result in removal from the SJC.

3. The SJC Chair shall preside at SJC meetings and hearing. In the absence of the SJC Chair, the SJC Secretary shall assume the duties of the SJC Chair.

4. The SJC Secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of the SJC, including all meetings and hearings. The SJC Secretary shall handle all clerical duties of the SJC. In the absence of the SJC Secretary, the SJC senior class justice shall assume the duties of the SJC Secretary.

5. Quorum for SJC meetings and hearings shall be seven members.

6. In the event that a justice is unable to fulfill his or her duties, the SJC Chair will appoint a temporary replacement from among the alternate justices until a permanent replacement can be elected in accordance with the Student Body Constitution. A majority vote is necessary for the removal of an SJC member.

7. The SJC may appoint students, faculty, or administrators to serve as Advisers to the SJC as necessary. Advisers shall not have voting privileges and shall be limited to offering guidance on SJC issues.

 III. Statement of Belief

 The SJC believes that Lee's ideal of honorable behavior is a standard that must be upheld. Students are bound to this standard just as they are bound to the Honor System. Any person who believes a student has deviated from this standard has the right to have his or her complaint examined and acted upon by the SJC. Violations of this standard include, but are not limited to, the following:

 A. Any conduct disruptive to the life of the University, other colleges or universities, or the civil community.
 B. Violations of residence hall regulations or other University policies or regulations.
 C. Vandalism or destruction of property.
 D. Actions which endanger person or property.
 E. Violations of the University Policy on Illegal Drugs/Controlled Substances.
 F. Violations of the University Alcohol Policy.

NOTE: Intoxication shall not be extenuation of any conduct. Intoxication means impairment by alcohol or other substances. Addiction shall not be extenuation of possessing with intent to distribute or distributing any drug.

 IV. Penalties

 Having dedicated themselves to Lee's ideal of honorable behavior, students accept responsibility for violations of this standard, including penalties imposed by the SJC. The penalties the SJC may impose include, but are not limited to the following:

 A. A monetary fine.
 B. Specific task(s) related to the nature of the misconduct.
 C. Community Service.
 D. Removal from University Housing.
 E. Conduct Probation, for a period determined by the SJC, which is to be construed as a severe warning by the SJC.
 F. Social Probation, for a period determined by the SJC, under which a student may not participate in any University or fraternity sponsored social function held on campus.
 G. Suspension from the University for a defined period, not less than the remainder of the current term.
 H. Dismissal from the University.

 V. Penalties for Sample Infractions
 

  VI. Procedures for SJC Hearing

1. Investigation
 A. Any SJC justice receiving information of student misconduct shall report to the SJC Chair. Such information must be reported to the SJC Chair within twelve weeks of the alleged misconduct in order to warrant an investigation. If information is received within twelve weeks of the alleged misconduct, the SJC Chair shall appoint an SJC justice to conduct an inquiry. Following the inquiry, the SJC Justice shall present a brief summary of the relevant facts to the SJC.
 B. Based on information provided, if the SJC believes that sufficient evidence of misconduct justifies a further proceeding, it may, by a majority vote of the SJC, hold a hearing. If the SJC determines that no violation of University rules occurred, no hearing will be held unless the complainant provides additional and pertinent information. If the SJC determines that the matter is not under the SJC's jurisdiction, it may, by a majority vote, refer the matter to the appropriate judicial body.
 C. If the SJC votes to hold a hearing, the accused shall be notified of the charges by the SJC Chair. The SJC Chair shall explain the rights and privileges of the accused and complainant.

2. Rights of the Accused
 A. A right that the charges against the accused be served in writing at least 72 hours prior to the hearing.
 B. A right to a written statement of the procedures of the SJC.
 C. A right to be represented by an Advocate. Advocates are members of the Washington and Lee student body, including the Law School. The responsibilities of the Advocate are to advise the accused on SJC procedures, to assist the accused in developing an opening and closing statement, and to advise the accused on the specifics of an appeal, if necessary.
 D. A right to be present at the hearing while witnesses testify and to question them at that time. The Advocate has the same rights as the accused to be present at the hearing and to question witnesses. All questioning shall be restricted to matters deemed relevant by the SJC Chair, who shall regulate the nature of the questioning.
 E. A right to request witnesses bearing pertinent information to testify.
 F. A right to be heard separately when the accused is one of two or more allegedly involved in a joint misconduct. If none of those accused in an alleged joint offense request separate hearings, they may be held jointly or separately, as determined by the SJC.
 G. A right to appeal a decision of the SJC to the University Board of Appeals.

3. Rights of the Complainant
 A. A right to report student misconduct to any SJC member and to have that report investigated if it is received within twelve weeks of the date the alleged misconduct occurred.
 B. A right to serve as a witness during the hearing.
 C. A right to be notified of the outcome of the hearing.
 D. A right to appeal a decision from the SJC to the University Board of Appeals.

4. SJC Hearing
 A. The SJC Chair shall, as presiding officer, regulate the order and nature of questioning and shall exercise discretion in dealing with matters not formally covered in these procedures.
 B. If a SJC Justice cannot provide an unbiased decision, the justice shall be excused from the hearing. If the SJC cannot meet a quorum for a case, the SJC Chair shall appoint student replacements for the duration of the case.
 C. The hearing will be closed to the public.
 D. The accused and the Advocate shall be permitted to remain present throughout the questioning of witnesses, and all other proceedings of the hearing except during SJC deliberations.
 E. The SJC shall identify and call witnesses with information pertinent to the case to testify.
 F. The accused or the Advocate may ask questions of all witnesses after the SJC has completed its questioning. After the SJC has called all of its witnesses, the accused shall call witnesses.
 G. After all witnesses have testified, the accused shall be questioned by the SJC. When the SJC has finished its questioning, the accused shall present a closing statement.
 H. After the accused has had an opportunity to present a defense and after all testimony has been heard, the SJC shall begin deliberations. Deliberations are closed to the public, the accused, and the Advocate.
 I. After all deliberations are concluded, a vote by secret ballot shall be taken. If a majority of the SJC justices present vote guilty, the accused is found guilty of the misconduct.
 J. If the verdict is guilty, the SJC shall apply the appropriate penalty. A two-thirds vote of SJC justices present is required to dismiss a student.
 K. The SJC Chair shall inform the accused, the complainant, the Advocate, and the Student Affairs Committee of the decision of the SJC.
 L. The SJC will take disciplinary steps (including suspension) against any student who harasses or attempts to influence a person with respect to that person's participation in an investigation or hearing.
 M. If the accused, after receiving proper notification of the hearing, fails to attend, the hearing shall be conducted in the student's absence.
 N. During the academic year, the SJC Secretary shall post a public announcement of the number of investigations, hearings and outcomes.

5. Appeal
 The complainant and the accused have a right to appeal the decision of the SJC to the University Board of Appeals (UBA) composed of the Dean of Students, senior faculty member of the Student Affairs Committee, and President of the Student Body. Grounds for appeal include, but are not limited to, inappropriate penalty, lack of fair process, or new information. The appeal of the case must be made in writing to the UBA within 72 hours of notification of the SJC's decision. The UBA has the following options:

   No grounds for appeal. SJC decision stands.
   Grounds for appeal. UBA reviews the case and renders a final decision.

6. Confidentiality
 All information about a possible misconduct or SJC hearing is confidential. The SJC may take disciplinary steps (including suspension) against any student involved in an investigation, any witness in a hearing, or the accused for breaking confidentiality. An Advocate, SJC Adviser, or SJC member who breaks confidentiality will be immediately removed and banned from participation in SJC matters.

 VII. Criminal Charges

 If criminal charges have been filed against a Washington and Lee student, the SJC Chair shall consult with the Dean of Students to determine if SJC action should be postponed until resolution of the criminal case.

 VIII. Amendments

 Amendments to the Blue Book may be proposed by members of the Student Judicial Council or by any student who presents a proposal in petition form signed by seventy-five fellow students. Proposed amendments must be published by the SJC for two consecutive weeks prior to a public hearing for comments from the community at large. Following that hearing, a two-thirds majority vote of the SJC is required to forward the proposed amendment to the Student Affairs Committee. A majority vote of SAC is required to amend procedural issues or to forward the proposal to the faculty for approval of substantive changes in policy.
 

Policy Deletions:
 

Miscellaneous information: