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Caution: The course offerings and requirements of Washington and Lee University are under continual examination and revision. This catalogue is not a contract; it merely presents the offerings and requirements in effect at the time of publication and in no way guarantees that the offerings and requirements will not change. The University specifically reserves the right to change requirements for any major during any particular year.

Whenever changes in course offerings or requirements occur, students will be notified by a posting outside the Office of the University Registrar. The individual student assumes full responsibility for compliance with all academic requirements. Current course offerings may be obtained from the appropriate department. Current major and degree requirements may be obtained from the University Registrar, the Dean of the College, the Dean of the Ernest Williams II School of Commerce, Economics, and Politics, or from the head of the appropriate department.

This catalogue presents, subject to change, the courses that can reasonably be expected to be offered during the 1998-99 academic year. A course is the minimum amount of work in a given subject for which credit is granted. Each course is indivisible and has a separate number and separate grade for each term. A course extends through a single term, but successive term courses may be so connected that no credit for one of them is given until all are completed. Such "linked" courses are indicated by the use of a connecting hyphen (e.g. 101-102). The credits awarded for each course are within parentheses after the course number. Thus Philosophy 101(3) indicates a one-term course granting three credits; French 111- 112(8), a two-term, linked course granting eight credits.

The term in which each course is offered and whether the class has a laboratory meeting are cited below the description of the course. Some courses are given only in alternate years. In such cases, the course listing is bracketed and accompanied by an indication of the year in which it is to be given, if known. The departmental listing of faculty is presented alphabetically by rank with the department head listed first in the appropriate rank. Courses are numbered on the following basis:

100-199—Introductory courses or course sequences ordinarily taken by freshmen or sophomores.
200-299—Intermediate courses or course sequences with or without prerequisites ordinarily taken by sophomores or juniors.
300-399—Advanced courses or course sequences, with specified prerequisites (courses, class standing, or special permission) ordinarily taken by juniors or seniors. Students may be admitted to advanced courses (1) if they have met the prerequisite, or (2) in exceptional cases, with the approval of the department and the appropriate dean.
400-499—Independent work (directed studies, directed projects, tutorials, internships, seniors theses, and honors theses). Permission to substitute courses in major requirements may be granted in exceptional circumstances by the department or program committee through its head.

Note: Courses with a  meet a General Education requirement. To determine which General Education requirement a course satisfies, see listing on pages 82-84.
 

Accounting	German	Physical Education
Art	Greek	Physics
Biology	History	Politics
Chemistry	Interdepartmental	Psychology
Chinese	Italian	Public Policy
Classics	Japanese	Public Speaking
Cognitive Science	Journalism & Mass Commun.	Religion
Computer Science	Latin	Romance Languages
East Asian Studies	Literature in Translation	Russian
Economics	Management	Sociology & Anthropology
Engineering	Mathematics	Spanish
English	Medieval & Renaissance Studies	Theatre
Environmental Studies	Music	University Scholars
French	Neuroscience
Geology	Philosophy