Official Notification of Changes
to the 2004-2005 Catalogue


(Updated March 23, 2005)
New courses
Revised courses
Deleted courses
Revised major and program requirements
Policy Changes
Miscellaneous Information

Return to 2004-2005 undergraduate catalogue
Return to Academic Catalogues page
Return to the University Registrar page
COURSE INFORMATION:

Course Additions

ACCOUNTING 453 (3) - InternshipPrerequisites: Accounting 320 and permission of the department.  Limited to declared public accounting majors.  Professional service in a public accounting firm or approved equivalent, arranged and supervised individually.  Students proposing to undertake an internship must coordinate their plans with the department's internship supervisor prior to the internship.  Students undertaking an internship in the summer may receive credit in the following fall only as an overload.  Staff. Fall

ART 396 (3) - Senior Seminar: Approaches to Studio Art.  Prerequisite: Senior studio art major.  This course begins the process which culminates in the spring-term, senior-thesis art exhibit.  Art studio faculty and visiting artists discuss their work.  Readings related to personal explorations are assigned and discussed.  Techniques and methods for preparing artwork for exhibition are discussed and demonstrated.  Stene. Fall

BIOLOGY 105 (4) - Introduction to Behavioral Ecology. How do animals experience the world? What a re animal social systems like? How do animals choose mates, find places to live, decide when to help others? This course for non-majors focuses on both the mechanisms of animal behavior (genes, hormones, sensory systems) and the adaptive value of behavior for survival and reproduction in nature. The laboratory includes field experiments and lab observations designed to test hypotheses about behavior using animals such as salamanders, cows, birds, and humans. Laboratory course (GE5a) Marsh. Fall 2005 and alternate years.

BIOLOGY 113 (1) - Biology Laboratory. Corequisite: Biology 111. A laboratory to accompany Biology 111. Students are trained in basic techniques of biological research by demonstrations and investigatory exercises, including data analysis and scientific communication. Hanlon. Fall, Winter  

BIOLOGY 298 (CHEMISTRY 298) (3) - Atmospheric Science from the Ground Up. Prerequisite: Biology 111 or Chemistry 111 or permission of the instructor. This course does not meet requirements for majors or general education. One of the most complex physical systems that scientists must understand is climate.  This is due to the critical questions in modern society regarding the potential for climate change due to humankind's activities. One piece of this complex physical system involves the atmosphere.  Following a general introduction to the atmosphere, its thermal structure, composition, chemistry and interface with biological systems, issues from the current literature in selected areas are of atmospheric science are discussed.  Topics such as the fluorocarbon/ozone link, the greenhouse effect, global climate change, and anthropomorphic impacts on global climate change are discussed. Tuchler, Hamilton. Spring 2005 only.  

BIOLOGY 322 (3) - Conservation Genetics. Prerequisite: Biology 220 or permission of the instructor. A study of the central issues of population genetics and their application to species preservation and conservation. Topics include genetic surveys of rare or threatened species' population structure and dispersal; inferring population histories from genetic data; phylogenetic of threatened species groups; hybridization between species; the use of genetic data in captive-breeding programs and the prosecution of endangered-species legislation; and the use of biotechnologies such as cloning. Cabe. Fall 2005 and alternate years  

CHEMISTRY 298 (BIOLOGY 298) (3) - Atmospheric Science from the Ground Up. - see above under Biology

COMPUTER SCIENCE 121 (4) - Scientific Computing. Not open to students who have taken Computer Science 211 or higher. An introduction to computer programming for scientific application and a survey of the main methodological areas of scientific computation. This course provides the tools needed for students to use computer effectively in scientific work, whether in biology, chemistry, mathematics, psychology, economics, or any field involving quantitative work. Programming in Matlab, a software product for scientific computing, with a focus on topics relevant to students' major fields of study. Lecture and formal laboratories. (GE5b.) Levy. Winter.

COMPUTER SCIENCE 209 (3) - Software Development. Prerequisite: Computer Science 112. An examination of the theories and design techniques used in software development.  Topics include the software life cycle, design patterns, the Unified Modeling Language, unit testing, refactoring, rapid prototyping, and program documentation.  Lambert. Fall

EDUCATION 115 (3) – Foundations of Education. Prerequisite: Sophomore standing.  An introduction to the issues relating to American public education in the 21st century.  Students are introduced to information about teaching strategies and school policy upon which future courses can build.  Emphasis is given to school efforts to create environments which promote equity and excellence within a multicultural system.  Required for teacher licensure in Virginia .  Partlett. Fall

EDUCATION 210 (1-3) – Practicum. Prerequisite: Sophomore standing and Education 115. Intended for students interested in working in an educational setting.   This practical experience focuses on the differentiated classroom . Students become involved in activities designed to improve student learning (e.g. classroom climate, learning styles, curriculum, student motivation, ongoing assessment, instructional strategies).  Each practicum placement is geared to the interests of the W&L student.  In addition to weekly seminars, students spend 30 hours per credit in a classroom setting implementing the elements of differentiation. Required for teacher licensure in Virginia .  May be repeated for a maximum of three credits with permission. Burish. Fall, Winter

ENGINEERING 295 (3) - Intermediate Special Topics in Engineering.  Prerequisites: Physics 111, 112.  Intermediate work in bio-engineering, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics or materials science.  May be repeated for a maximum of six credits with permission and if the topics are different.  Staff.  Offered when interest is expressed and departmental resources permit.

ENGLISH 260 (3) - Literary Approaches to Poverty. Prerequisite: Completion of GE1 composition requirement. Examines literary responses to the experience of poverty, imaginative representations of human life in straitened circumstances, and arguments about the causes and consequences of poverty that appear in literature. Critical consideration of dominant paradigms ("the country and the city," "the deserving poor," "the two nations," "from rags to riches," "the fallen woman," "the abyss") augments reading based in cultural contexts. Historical focus vary according to professor's areas of interest and expertise. (GE3) Staff. Winter

ENGLISH 261 (3) - Reading Gender. Prerequisite: Completion of GE1 composition requirement. A course on using gender as a tool of literary analysis. We study the ways ideas about masculinity and femininity inform and are informed by poetry, short stories, novels, plays, films, and/or pop culture productions. Also includes readings in feminist theory about literary interpretation and about the ways gender intersects with other social categories including race, ethnicity, sexuality, and class. Historical focus will vary according to professor's areas of interest and expertise. (GE3) Staff. Fall, Winter, Spring

ENGLISH 262 (3) - Literature, Race, and Ethnicity. Prerequisite: Completion of GE1 composition requirement. A course that uses ethnicity, race, and culture to develop readings of literature. Politics and history play a large role in this critical approach; students should be prepared to explore their own ethnic awareness as it intersects with other, often conflicting, perspectives. Focus will vary with the professor's interests and expertise, but may include one or more literatures of the English-speaking world: Chicano and Latino, Native American, African American, Asian American, Caribbean, African, subcontinental (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) and others. (GE3) Staff. Fall, Winter, Spring

ENGLISH 292 (3) - Topics in British Literature. Prerequisite: Completion of the GE1 composition requirement. Studies in British literature, supported by attention to historical contexts. Versions of this course may survey several periods or concentrate on a group of works from a short span of time. Students develop their analytical writing skills in a series of short papers. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. (GE3) Staff. Fall, Winter, Spring

ENGLISH 293 (3) - Topics in American Literature. Prerequisite: Completion of the GE1 composition requirement. Studies in American literature, supported by attention to historical contexts. Versions of this course may survey several periods or concentrate on a group of works from a short span of time. Students develop their analytical writing skills in a series of short papers. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. (GE3) Staff. Fall, Winter, Spring

FRENCH 172 (6) - Supervised Study Abroad for Beginners. Prerequisite: French 111 and 112 during the same academic year. A period of intensive language training and exposure to the language, culture, and people of France. The program includes study in a French language school, living with a French family, excursions, and other cultural activities. (GE2, if completed with a grade of B- (2.67) or higher) Staff. Spring

GEOLOGY 195 (1), 196 (2), 197 (3) - Selected Topics. Selected topical coverage of various timely or general-interest subject areas in geology. The topic selected varies from year to year and is announced in advance of the registration period. Topics have included impact and extinction of the dinosaurs; volcanoes and tectonics; geologic consideration in land-use planning; and the geology of national parks. May be repeated for a maximum of four credits with permission and if the topic is different. (GE5) Staff. Offered when interest is expresses and departmental resources permit.

GERMAN 263 (6) - Supervised Study Abroad: Intermediate German.
Prerequisite: German 111 and 112 completed with a grade of B (3.0) or better at W&L and approval of the program director. A period of direct exposure to the language at the intermediate level, and to the culture and people of Germany. The program includes supervised academic projects, lectures by native authorities, and other cultural activities. Additional details of the program, including some of special interest to students not majoring in German, are available from the department. Three credits may count toward major requirements. (GE2) Crockett. Spring

HISTORY 156 (3) - Seminar in East Asian History for Freshmen and Sophomores.
This course explores special topics in China's late imperial period (960-1911) through a variety of media, including scholarly monographs, film, and material culture. (GE4) Bello. Spring 2006 and every third year.

INTERDEPARTMENTAL 202 (4) - Applied Statistics. Prerequisite or corequisite: Interdepartmental 201. An examination of the principle applications of statistics in accounting, business administration, economics and politics. Topics include descriptive statistics, probability, estimation, hypothesis testing, and regression analysis. Staff. Fall, Winter

INTERDEPARTMENTAL 231 (1) - Introduction to Jury Advocacy.
Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing and permission of the instructor. Introduction to the jury system, federal rules of evidence, and trial practice. Participants are introduced to the legal, practical, and policy implications of jury advocacy in the United States, and put that learning into practice through role-plays as both witness and advocate. Members of the intercollegiate mock-trial team are selected from those who complete the courses successfully. Belmont. Fall

INTERDEPARTMENTAL 296 (6 or 3-3) - Spring Institute in Culture and Society. A topical seminar that focuses on an interdisciplinary examination of a given society through formal study and direct exposure to its people and culture. The seminar takes place in the target location during the Spring Institute, for which six credits are awarded or three in INTR 296 and three in the discipline of the instructor. May be repeated for credit with permission and if the topic and location of the seminar are different. (GE designation to be determined each year) Topic for Spring 2005: Religion, Landscape and Identity of the Oódham. (approved as GE4 for spring 2005) Staff.

INTERDEPARTMENTAL 431 (1) - Tutorial in Trial Preparation and Procedure. Prerequisite: Interdepartmental 231 and permission of the instructor. Preparation for and participation in intercollegiate mock-trial competitions. Participants prepare a case based on an assigned set of facts and assume roles of both lawyer and witness in the classroom and competition. May be repeated with instructor's permissions for a maximum of three credits toward degree requirements. Belmont. Winter

JAPANESE 101 (3) - Exploring Japanese Language and Society. This course is an introduction to spoken Japanese. Students develop basic oral communication skills and are introduced to the three writing systems. Through cultural scenarios, media presentations, and film, students explore how language functions in contemporary Japanese society. This course is not a prerequisite for Japanese 111, nor does it allow a student to move to a language course numbered higher than Japanese 111 without permission of the instructor. These credits do not apply toward the language requirement for the East Asian Studies major. Staff. Spring

JOURNALISM 225 (3) - Crisis Communications. Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. A case-study approach to current methods of forecasting problems and responding effectively to crises and consequences in the public and private sectors. Topics include identifying and communicating effectively with stakeholders during crises, effective media-relations strategies during emergencies, building an effective crisis-response plan, regaining public credibility following a crisis, and avoiding public-relations mistakes during litigation. Abah. Fall

JOURNALISM 231 (3) - Communication Theory. Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. A critical overview of leading theoretical traditions in communication studies. Examination of the concepts of general and thematic theories in use, describing the similarities and differences among the concept and applying them in practical situations. Some attention is paid to epistemological foundations, the structure of communication theory as a field, and examining the relationship between communication theory and socio-cultural practice. Staff. Winter

JOURNALISM 297 (3) - Topics in Public Science. Prerequisite: Sophomore standing. Open to non-majors. Co-taught interdisciplinary study of selected issues in science or social science and how those issues are presented to the public by the news media. This course gives a basic presentation of research and other information about particular topics. The emphasis is on how a journalist would find this information, evaluate the quality of various sources, and create a meaningful written presentation that contributes to public understanding. Student work involves extensive writing. Richardson, staff from a science discipline. Winter

POLITICS 360 (3) - Seminar: Lincoln's Statesmanship. Prerequisite: Politics 100. This course examines the political thought and practice of Abraham Lincoln. Emphasis is on his speeches and writings, supplemented by scholarly commentary on his life and career. Morel. Fall

POLITICS 370 (3) - Seminar in American Political Thought. Prerequisite: Politics 100 or 111. An examination of classics themes and current issues in American political thought. Course readings stress primary sources including speeches, essay, and books by politicians and theorists. The course explores the effort to reconcile liberty and equality, individualism and community, liberalism and republicanism, politics and religion, among other themes. It highlights the contemporary relevance of the enduring tensions between political principles and practice. Depending on the instructor, emphases may include the Federalists, Anti-Federalists, Alexis de Tocqueville, Abraham Lincoln, and voices from the Progressive and Civil Rights eras. Staff. Winter 2006 and alternate years.

PORTUGUESE 100 (3) - Beginning Portuguese. Prerequisite: Permission of the Director of the Program in Environmental Studies or Head of Department of Romance Languages This course is designed to help prepare students in Portuguese language proficiency for participation in the US/Brazil Consortium for Environmental Studies, a federally funded Washington and Lee University exchange program with the Universidade do Amazonas and the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense. Basic language skills are taught in preparation for a Portuguese Language immersion course taught in Brazil as part of the exchange program. The immersion course focuses on language skills required for environmental studies. The course does not fulfil any part of the General Education language requirements. First priority is given to students participating in the FIPSE/CAPES exchange program or other relevant programs in Brazil (Watson Fellowships, Global Stewardship internships, Fulbright Fellowships, approved internship programs, etc.). Other students are eligible for participation in the program on a space-available basis. In addition to the exchange students, a limited number of students will be eligible to participate in the intensive course in Brazil, at their own expense. Staff. Spring

 

PSYCHOLOGY 215 (3) - Evolutionary Psychology. Prerequisite: Psychology 111, 112, 113, or 114, or permission of the instructor. A seminar exploring evolutionary theory and mechanisms as they relate to current human behavior. This course take a scientific approach to explaining the evolutionary advantages of both culturally appropriate and inappropriate behaviors. Topics may include but are not limited to aggression and sexual competition; mate selection; altruism and cooperation between individuals; cognitive abilities; and morality and deception. Whiting. Spring

SOCIOLOGY 262 (3) - The Sociology of Culture. This course introduces research and theory in the sociology of culture. Explores such questions as: What is culture? What is the relationship between culture and society? How and why does culture change? In addition to these questions, topics covered include an examination of the various theoretical approaches to culture; the relationship between high and popular culture and the debate over cultural boundaries; the production, distribution, and consumption of culture; national culture and national identity; globalization; and the intersections between culture and class, gender, ethnicity, and race. Special attention is paid to examining key cultural forms such as television, fashion, music, advertising, museums, art, and literature. Cintron. Fall 2005 and alternate years.

SOCIOLOGY 264 (3) - Work and Family. Prerequisite: One course in sociology or anthropology or permission of the instructor. Surveys research and theory in the growing area of work family studies. Explores how work and family life interconnect and influence each other and the implications of these linkages for women, men, children, employers, the community, and society. Examines how gender, social class, family structure, poverty and race, and ethnicity affect individuals' ability to manage work and family. Topics include work family conflict, single parent families, dual career families, childcare and eldercare issues, international perspectives on work and family, and changing attitudes towards work life integration. Private and public policy initiatives are reviewed. Cintron. Spring 2006 and alternate years

SOCIOLOGY 266 (3) - Cities and Regions. Prerequisite: One course in sociology or anthropology or permission of the instructor. Examines how cities and regions are shaped and the social, political, economic, historical, technological, ecological, and other forces that help shape them. Focuses on the spatial dimension of evolving societies. Topics include: the development of the US North and South; the plantation complex; the emergence of the industrial Northern metropolis; suburbanization and post suburbanization; the "crisis of the cities" and policy responses (such as urban renewal); gentrification; de industrialization; and the debate over the future of cities and regions. Cintron. Winter 2007 and alternate years

Course Revisions

BIOLOGY 111 (3) - Fundamentals of Biology.
Corequisite: Biology 113. An intensive investigation of scientific thought and communication applied to topics that vary among sections and terms. Specific subjects, chosen from within the scope of modern biological investigation according to the expertise of individual instructors, are examined in the context of major concepts such as evolution, regulation, growth, and metabolism. This course and its companion laboratory are prerequisites for all higher-level biology courses. (GE5: Biology 113 is a corequisite for students seeking laboratory science credits) Staff. Fall, Winter

BIOLOGY 332 (6) - Plant Functional Ecology. Prerequisite: Biology 111, 113 and permission of the instructor. The emphasis and location of the study area differs from year to year. Information regarding the specific course topic and field-trip schedule is made available prior to spring-term registration. The course focuses on the effects of environmental stresses such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and high temperatures (global climate change), drought and grazing on plant physiology and biochemistry. Field and laboratory exercises focus on testing hypotheses through experiments using a variety of species from intact plant communities. A review of the pertinent primary literature is used to develop and conduct a team research project. No more than five credit may be counted toward the major in biology. Laboratory course. Hamilton . Spring

CLASSICS 295 (3), Ancient Athletics.
- during Winter 2005 only. The course will count toward GE4 for credits only, not for one of the two required areas.


ENGLISH 206 - Poetry
to ENGLISH 230 - Poetry
ENGLISH 207 - The Novel to ENGLISH 232 - The Novel
ENGLISH 208 - Fantasy to ENGLISH 235 - Fantasy
ENGLISH 209 - Southern American Literature to ENGLISH 253 - Southern American Literature
ENGLISH 210 - Shakespeare to ENGLISH 252 - Shakespeare
ENGLISH 212 - British Literature: Medieval and Renaissance to ENGLISH 250 - British Literature: Medieval and Early Modern
ENGLISH 213 - British Literature: Restoration to Romanticism to ENGLISH 251 - British Literature in an Age of Global Expansion, 1660s-1790s
ENGLISH 214 - British Literature: Victorian to Modern to ENGLISH 292 - Topics in British Literature
ENGLISH 215 - British Literature: Modern and Contemporary to ENGLISH 292 - Topics in British Literature
ENGLISH 225 - American Literature: Origins to Civil War to ENGLISH 293 - Topics in American Literature
ENGLISH 226 - American Literature: Civil War to World War II to ENGLISH 293 - Topics in American Literature
ENGLISH 227 - American Literature: World War II to the Present to ENGLISH 293 - Topics in American Literature
ENGLISH 228 - Children's Literature to ENGLISH 234 - Children's Literature
ENGLISH 231 - The Bible as English Literature to ENGLISH 236 - The Bible as English Literature
ENGLISH 233 - Seminar to ENGLISH 291 - Seminar
ENGLISH 290 - Seminar for Prospective Majors to ENGLISH 299 - Seminar for Prospective Majors

ENGLISH 355 (3) - Studies in British Fiction Since 1900.  Prerequisite: Three credits in 200-level English.  Focused study of novels and short stories by 20th-and 21st-century British writers.  Topics may include modernist experimentation, theories of the novel, cultural and historical contexts, and specific themes or subgenres.  Emphasis on the vocabulary and analytical techniques of narrative theory. (GE3) Keen. Winter 2007 and every third year

ENGLISH 453 (3) - Internship in Literary Editing with Shenandoah. Prerequisites: Junior standing and approval of the Shenandoah editor. An apprenticeship in editing for one student each 12 week term with the editor of Shenandoah, Washington and Lee's literary magazine. The student is instructed in and assists in these facets of the editor's work: evaluation of manuscripts, proofreading/copy editing, the arrangement of work within an issue, selection of cover art, contributor's notes, responses to queries, and news releases. The student also works toward an understanding of the role of journals in contemporary literature. May be repeated for a maximum of nine credits with permission of the department head and if the specific projects undertaken are different. Smith.
Fall, Winter

GEOLOGY 195 (1) - Selected Topics.  See above in new courses.

HISTORY 103 (3) - Modern China under Construction, 1600-1989. As domain of imperial dynasties, target of imperialist aggression, dissident member of the cold war Communist bloc and current regional superpower in East Asia, China's history embodies the full range of modern historical experience.  This course tracks these transitions in political and social organization that, among other things, terminated history's longest lasting monarchical system, ignited two of its largest revolutions, began World War II and produced the most populous nation on earth.  Themes include ethnic relations during the Ming and Qing dynasties; gender relations in transition from tradition to modernity; the opium traffic and the Opium Wars; the Taiping Rebellion; Sino-Japanese conflicts from 1894-1945; Mao's communist revolution; Deng's market reforms. (GE4) Bello . Fall

HISTORY 104 (3) - Japan: Empire and Its Atomic Aftermath. This course traces Japan's successful transition from a declining Tokugawa Shogunate to a modern imperial nation to a reluctant, US-Cold-War ally from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. Japan's imperial project in East and Southeast Asia is the main focus of the first half of the course. The second half focuses on Japan's role in the succeeding US-anti-communist project. (GE4). Bello. Winter

HISTORY 353 (3) - Gay and Lesbian Life in the 20-Century U.S. - correction of general education designation to fine arts, history, philosophy and religion (GE4)

HISTORY 380 (3) - Japan to 1800: From Shamans to Samurai. This course covers the emergence of indigenous Japanese society and its adaptation to cultural and political influences from mainland East Asia, including Buddhism, Confucianism, and Chinese concepts of empire. The course also focuses on the development of a uniquely Japanese model of social organization, samurai society, from these earlier influences. (GE4). Bello. Winter

HISTORY 383 (3) - China's Imperial Shadow, Prehistoric Origins to 1600. Pre-modern Chinese civilization arguably invented and certainly re-invented the theory and practice of empire.  This course focuses on following the ebb and flow of imperial political, economic and cultural power across China and as it periodically spilled over into Southeast Asia and Inner Asia to include parts of the histories of Mongolia, Vietnam, and Korea as well.  Themes include the inventions of Confucianism; the popular culture of the civil service exam; Mongol apartheid; relating to the barbarians; keeping Chinese men and women in their places; Chinese Buddhism's Silk Road; traditional religion and popular revolt; pre-modern bureaucracy in action and stagnation.  (GE4) Bello. Fall  

JOURNALISM 221 (3) - Communication in Global Perspectives. Prerequisite: At least sophomore standing. Analyses of communication between cultures and nations, the notion of cultural and civil citizenship, consideration of cultural imperatives in international studies, and critical examination of the impact of information technologies in world politics. This course is designed to foster an appreciation of the role of information in different societies, to give students an understanding of the different philosophies of the role of media in civil governance, and to enable students to gain a thorough understanding of the multidisciplinary nature of global communications. Abah. Spring.

JOURNALISM 365 (3) - The Broadcast News Magazine. Prerequisite: Journalism 201. The principles and techniques involved in developing and creating enterprising longer-form journalistic work for a converged environment, principally television and the World Wide Web. Students research, write, and produce news and feature packages similar to those of network television news magazines for broadcast on the local cable-access channel. de Maria. Fall, Winter

MUSIC 260 (4) - Music Theory III. Prerequisite: Music 162. A continuation of Music 162, focusing on an analysis of harmonies, forms, and styles from the Romantic period, impressionism, and the early 20th century. Includes an aural-skills component. (GE4) Vosbein. Fall

MUSIC 395 (3) - Seminar for Music Majors: Approaches to Music. Prerequisites: Music 120, at least junior standing, and major in music. An exploration of a specific musical topic around which music majors utilize and develop techniques in finding and evaluating research resources (in both print and electronic form) as well as applying the tools of detailed analysis. Assignments include those that require writing and presentation skills in preparation for work on a thesis. Staff. Fall or Spring.

MUSIC 396 (3) - Seminar: Literature and Style of Vocal or Instrumental Music. Prerequisite: Music 120 or permission of the instructor. A specific topic in a vocal or instrumental genre or on a specific composer or performer. Students are required to develop analytical skills in listening and score reading, as well as research skills in locating sources. Assignments include short written assignments, regular quizzes, and class presentations. Audio-visual resources and required filed trips to concerts may be used to enhance course material. May be repeated for degree credit with permission and if the topics are different. (GE4). Staff. Spring

SPANISH 295 (6) - The People and Language of Costa Rica. Prerequisite: Three credits at the 200 level or permission of the instructor. Direct exposure to the language, people, and culture of Costa Rica. The course is designed to improve grammar and vocabulary of the advanced student through intensive training in Spanish with special emphasis on oral proficiency in conversation. Students spend two weeks on campus in an overview of the culture and history of Central American nations, as well as intensive pre-departure oral language training. The four weeks in Costa Rica includes supervised academic work at the Instituto Guanacasteco, and a community-based, service-learning component allows students to test their skills as volunteers at various sites. The course promotes cultural awareness through lectures by native authorities as well as excursions to local and national sites of interest. Barnett. Spring 2005 only.

Course Deletions

ACCOUNTING 210 (3), Financial Disclosure in a Global Environment
BIOLOGY 112 (4), General Biology II
BIOLOGY 182 (1), Use and Understanding of Biological Literature
ECONOMICS 190 (1), Bibliographical Resources
ECONOMICS 201 (Management 201) (3), Elementary Applied Statistics 
ECONOMICS 341 (3), Regulated Industries in the American Economy

ENGLISH 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 213, 214, 215, 225, 226, 227, 228, 231, 233, 290 - courses     renumbered - see revisions above
ENGLISH 356 (3) - Contemporary British Fiction
JOURNALISM 243 (3), Ethics of Journalism in Democratic States 
JOURNALISM 322 (3), Public Opinion
JOURNALISM 346 (3), Issues in the Ethics of Journalism
MANAGEMENT 203 (3), Quantitative Models for Management and Economics (but not Economics 203)
MUSIC 261 (3), Counterpoint
MUSIC 263 (3), Form and Style
MUSIC 333 (3), 20th-Century Musical Literature
POLITICS 201 (4), Political Data Analysis
POLITICS 357 (3), National Security Policy
PSYCHOLOGY 207 (3), A Psychological Approach to Artificial Intelligence
PSYCHOLOGY 212 (3), Theories of Social Psychology (unlinked from SOCIOLOGY 212 which remains in the curriculum)

Revisions to Degree, Major and Program Requirements

Accounting and Business Administration
Revised the following major requirements:
... requires 50 credits, as follows:
1.         Accounting 201, 202, 320, 321; Economics 101, 102; Interdepartmental 201, 202; ..."
2.        Management 340 or 375
3.         ... "

Program in African-American Studies
"The Program in African-American Studies is not a major. Students identified by the chair of the African-American studies committee as having completed the program will have a notation placed on their transcripts at graduation. While only certain regular courses are listed below as meeting the requirements of this program, other courses across the curriculum study appropriate material within the context of the various disciplines and in interdisciplinary ways. Students may petition the program committee to include other relevant courses in the program requirements.

The program requires completion of 21 credits, including the following:
1.         Interdepartmental 130
2.         History 359 or 360
3.         12 additional credits selected from the following. Additional courses may be used when the topic is relevant and the African-American Studies Committee approves.
   
     Art 310
   
     English 365
   
     History 359, 360, 375
   
     Literature in Translation 295, when taught on an African or African-American topic
   
     Music 221
   
     Politics 250
   
     Sociology 228
4.         Senior Capstone experience: A relevant individual study, senior thesis, or honors thesis approved by the program committee and taught by a member of the program faculty.
        Art 310-African-American Art
   
     English 365-AfricanAmerican Literature
   
     History 359-The History of the African-American People to 1877
   
     History 360-The History of the African-American People since 1877
   
     History 375-European Imperialism in East & Central Africa in the 19th & 20th Centuries & the Successor States
   
     Literature in Translation 295-Images of Africa     
        Music 221-History of Jazz
   
     Politics 250-Black American Politics
   
     Sociology 228-Race and Ethnic Relations"

Baccalaureate Degree Requirements
"Effective with the Class of 2008, a candidate for any undergraduate degree must present a minimum of 115 credits with passing grades."

Biochemistry
Approved revising the biochemistry major as follows:
"1. Chemistry 111, 112, 241 or 241S, 242, 243, 250, 254, 260, 341, 343: Biology 111, 113; ..."
"2. Two additional courses ... Biology 220, 221, 225 ... Biology 295, 395, 396, 422 or 423 ...

Biology
Corrected the major in biology leading to the Bachelor of Sciences degree to read
3.C. Ecology and Evolution: Biology 243*, 245*, 246, 330*, 332*, 340 or 340S*, 398
 
Revised the following major and non-major program requirements.
"B.S. major: The biology major leading to a Bachelor of Science degree consists of 50 credits in science and mathematics, with at least 33 credits in biology. The major must include the following:
1.         Biology 111, 113, 220, 295; Mathematics 102; Physics 112, 114
2.         One course from Biology 215 or 215S or Chemistry 242.
3.         At least 25 additional biology credits not used to satisfy the above requirements. ...
c. Ecology and Evolution: Biology 243*, 245*, 246, 330*, 322, 332*, 340 or 340S*, 398..."

"B.A. major: The biology major leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree consists of 41 credits in science and mathematics, with at least 27 credits in biology, as follows:
1.         Biology 111, 113, 340 or 340S; Chemistry 111, 112
2.         at least 20 additional biology credits not used to satisfy the above requirements. ...
c. Ecology and Evolution: Biology 243*, 245*, 246, 295 (in a relevant topic), 330*, 322, 332*..."

Business Administration 
A major in business administration ... requires 50 credits as follows:
1.         Accounting 201, 202; Business Administration 205, 211, 217, 221; Economics 101, 102; Interdepartmental 201, 202 ...
2.        Management 340 or 375
3.         ..."
4.         At least nine credits from accounting courses numbered above 210 and/or from economics courses numbered 200 or above ..."

Chemistry
Approved adding the following disclaimer before the listing of major requirements in the Chemistry Department's section of the catalogue:
"Students may complete only one major in the Department of Chemistry."

Computer Science
Corrected the major in computer science leading to the Bachelor of Arts degree to not reference Computer Science 120 in requirement 4:
4. Six additional credits in computer science.
Also, 1. requires CSCI 209 in place of CSCI 115 (3), C++ and UNIX programming, which remains in the curriculum

Corrected the major in computer science leading to the Bachelor of Science degree to not reference Computer Science 120 in requirement 3:
3. Six additional credits in computer science.
Also, 1. requires CSCI 209 in place of CSCI 115 (3), C++ and UNIX programming, which remains in the curriculum

East Asian Studies
Approved adding History 156 to the list with other East Asian studies courses.

Economics
Corrected the total number of credits required and approved various major requirements:
"A major in economics leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires completion of 43 credits:"
1.         Economics 101, 102, 210, 360, 390; Interdepartmental 201, 202 ..."
2.         Economics 399 or 493
3...a      Area I, Applied Economics: Economics 240, 255, 295, 304, 320, 330, 348, 350, 370, 395 ..."

Engineering
Removed Computer Science 120 from the requirements because the course is no longer being offered.
"A major in physics-engineering leading to a Bachelor of Science degree requires..."
3... Computer Science 111, 112 or those numbered 200 or above..."

"The 3-2 plan in physics-engineering leading to a Bachelor of Science degree requires..."
1. Chemistry 111, 112; Engineering 203,..."

Environmental Studies
"3.        Natural and Physical Sciences: one course from each of the following two areas.
a. Biology 101, Geology 100 or 101
b. Biology 245, 246, 322, Geology 141, 150..."

English
Approved revising numerous courses including English 212 (3), British Literature: Medieval and Renaissance, English 213 (3), British Literature: Restoration and Romanticism, English 214 (3), British Literature: Victorian to Modern, English 215 (3), British Literature: Modern and Contemporary, English 225 (3), American Literature: Origins to Civil War, and English 226 (3), American Literature: Civil War to World War II, renumbering most of the 200-level section of English offerings, and adding English 260, 261, 262, 292, and 293 (see above)

The major is revised as follows:
"1. English 299 (should be completed in the sophomore year)
2. Three to nine credits from English 230, 232, 234, 235, 236, 250, 251, 252, 253, 260, 261, 262, 291, 292, and 293
3. 24-30 additional credits from courses numbered at the 300 level or above
4. Completion of the capstone writing requirement with either English 413 (3) or 493 (3-3)
5. At least nine credits must be chosen from each of the following areas, with no more than one 200-level course counting in each. English 236 and 370 can be used in any area, but both cannot be used in the same area.
a. Early British Literature: English 250, 251, 252, 312, 313, 314, 316, 318, 319, 320, 326, 330, 333, 334, 335, 358, and when the topic is appropriate, 230, 235, 261, 291, 292, 299, 380, 403, 413, and 493
b. Later British Literature and World Literature in English: English 251, 333, 334, 335, 341, 345, 347, 348, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 359, and when the topic is appropriate, 230, 232, 234, 235, 261, 262, 291, 292, 299, 380, 403, 413, and 493
c. American Literature: English 253, 293, 354, 359, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, and when the topic is appropriate, 230, 232, 234, 260, 261, 262, 291, 299, 380, 403, 413, and 493"

German
The major requirements will be revised to read as follows:
"1. German 262 (or three credits from German 263, an approved substitute in German language, or a cognate field)..."

Geology
A major in geology leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires 40 credits as follows:
1. Geology 150, 185, 211
2. At least 18 additional credits in geology, including at least 12 credits numbered 200 or above, and including at least one course chosen from Geology 247, 311, 330, and 350. ..."

Journalism and Mass Communications
The major in journalism and mass communications is revised as follows:
"...requires completion of at least 43 credits, including the following:
1. At least 31 credits and no more than 37 credits in journalism. This total must include Journalism 101, 190, 201, 203 (Politics 203), 301, 344 (Interdepartmental 344) and completion of one of the following sequences ...
...Communications: Journalism 231 and four additional courses chosen from the following, with at least one from each of the two groups:
Professional courses: Journalism 253, 263, 297, 353, 357, 365, 371, and 372
Nonprofessional courses: Journalism 215, 217, 221, 225, 295, 318, 319, 322, 338, 344 (Interdepartmental 344), 346, 365, 377, 397, 399, 461, 462, 463"

Management
Approved renaming the Department of Management as the Department of Business Administration.

Mathematics
Removed Computer Science 120 from the requirements because the course is no longer being offered.

"A major in mathematics leading to a Bachelor of Science degree requires..."
3. Computer Science 111

Music
Revise the major requirements as follows:

"A major in music leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires at least 36 credits as follows:
1.         Music 120, 131, 132, 161, 162, 260, 395, and 473 or 493 (thesis), and completion of one of the following sequences:
a.   History: three courses chosen from Music 220, 221, 231, 232, 233, 331, 332
b.   Theory and Composition: Music 361, 362 and one course chosen from Music 233, 397 and 423 (with the approval of the theory/composition faculty)
c.   Performance: three credits chosen from applied music courses at the and six credits chosen from Music 220, 221, 231, 232, 233, 331, 332, 261, 362 and 423  

Neuroscience
Corrected a major requirement:
A major in Neuroscience leading to a Bachelor of Science degree requires the completion of at least 50 credits, including the following:
1. Biology... Psychology 120, 250, 253

Politics
The requirements of the politics major are revised as follows:
3.         Interdepartmental 202 ..."

"4c. American Government: Politics 229...360, 370, 397, 466."

Psychology
The requirements of the psychology major leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree are revised as follows:
"3. At least one additional course selected from Psychology 150, 202, 207, 210, 215, 230, and 240."

Public Accounting
Add the following major
"A major in public accounting leading to a Bachelor of Science with Special Attainments in Commerce requires 62 credits (with 144 credits total being required to graduate) as follows:
1.         Accounting 201, 202, 320, 321, 330, 355, 360; Business Administration 205, 211, 217, 221, and 340 or 375; Economics 101, 102; Interdepartmental 201, 202
2.         Nine credits chosen from among Accounting 211, 310, 340, 356, 395, 396, 403, 453, and 493-493.
3.         Six credits from Business Administration classes numbered 300 and above."

Public Policy
The requirements of the major in public policy is revised as follows:.
2.         Interdepartmental 202 ..."

Romance Languages
The requirements for the Romance languages major are revised as follows:
"2. Completion of the intermediate level or its equivalent in a second Romance language (French 162, 164 or 172 or Spanish 162 or 164)

Shepherd Program for the Interdisciplinary Study of Poverty and Human Capability
The Shepherd Program for the Interdisciplinary Study of Poverty and Human Capability offers a curricular and co-curricular program of study that enriches any major. Sustained and coordinated study in this program enables students to understand how their undergraduate and graduate studies can prepare them as future professionals and citizens to address the problems of poverty and establishing a decent minimum of human development for all people. Students completing designated requirements in this program receive notations on their transcript at graduation. The program director and coordinator of co-curricular education certify students for this notation when they meet the following requirements totaling at least 16 credits.
1.         Interdepartmental 101, 450
2.         At least 10 credits chosen from among the following: English 260, Economics 205, 280, Interdepartmental 102, Sociology 202, 228, 264, or independent-study courses of at least three credits each, focused on poverty and human capability, or other course offerings (e.g. Journalism 295, Spanish 204) that devote a segment to poverty and enable students to write a paper that addresses poverty and human capability. These courses must be approved by the director of the Shepherd Program.
3.         A capstone study that culminates in a major research paper on a topic proposed by the student that focuses on poverty and human capability. This course will typically be Interdepartmental 423. It may be an independent study, senior thesis, honors thesis, or Interdepartmental 396, when the research projects fit the criteria above and are co-advised by Shepherd Program faculty. These substitute courses must be approved in advance by the director of the Shepherd Program and by the participating instructors.

Studio Art
Revised the studio art major as follows:
"A major in studio art leading to a Bachelor of Arts degree requires completion of at least 39 credits in art as follows:
1. Art 121, 217, 396..."

Women's Studies
Approved revising the requirements for the non-major Program in Women's Studies to the following:
"1. Social and Natural Sciences: Biology 255; Politics 350, 355; Psychology 215, 259; Sociology 264, 280, 350."
"2b.      Humanities and other disciplines: Art 311; English 261, 313, 320, 358, 359; History 357, 358; Public Speaking 305; Religion 132, 215..."  

Policy information:

New

W&L STUDY ABROAD POLICY

1. Eligibility for Off-Campus Study: Students must have a cumulative GPA of at least 2.500 to apply for off-campus study for W&L credit during the academic year or 2.000 to apply for off-campus study during the summer. Students must consult with their academic adviser(s) to ensure that their proposed course of study will enable them to make normal progress toward completion of major and degree requirements in a timely fashion. Seniors engaged in approved study abroad will have the first term of the three-term senior residency requirement waived. Requests for exceptions to these or other academic rules must be submitted in advance to the Committee on Courses and Degrees through the Dean of the College. To study abroad, students must consult with the Director of International Education, attend on-campus orientations, and, upon their return, complete an evaluation of their study abroad experience for the Center for International Education. Students will be expected to disclose medical and or counseling-related conditions or current treatments so that appropriate consultations can occur with deans, Student Health and Counseling Services, etc. to ensure that all critical needs can be met during the student's time away from campus.

2. Program Approval: Undergraduate students seeking to study abroad for W&L degree credit must submit an Application for Degree Credit for Off-Campus Study to the Director of International Education by the specified deadline for the period in which they plan to be absent from campus. They must enroll in a program which has received approval by the Director and pursue a full-time course of study as defined by both the host institution and W&L. Program approval is based upon precedent, past experience, faculty, departmental and administrative knowledge and recommendation of a program, and/or site visits, whenever possible, to the program by a W&L faculty member or administrator. Students and faculty are referred to the Study Abroad area of the Center for International Education web site (internationaleducation.wlu.edu/studyabroad/studyabroad.html ) for information on programs which are generally approved for W&L student use,.

3. Course Approval: Students studying abroad are required to seek approval in advance from the appropriate department head (or academic dean) and academic adviser for all courses to be attempted while abroad. Such approval is granted only through the signature of that department head or academic dean on the student's Application for Credit for Non-W&L Off-Campus Study. Students must maintain a full-time load of academic coursework comparable to that at Washington and Lee in level, nature, and field, applicable to a W&L degree program. Course approvals must be secured prior to taking the course(s) so that the student is clear on the transferability of all courses and credits. Should a student's course selection change for any reason after submission of their application, substituted courses are not transferable unless approved by an appropriate Washington and Lee department head (or academic dean) and academic adviser. Such approval must be sought immediately (e.g. e-mail, fax); copies of any such correspondence should also be directed to the Director of International Education. Credit will not be transferred for any course for which a student has not obtained pre-approval unless retroactive approval is granted by the appropriate department head or Dean after the student's return. Such retroactive approval is not guaranteed and must be obtained before the conclusion of the first 12-week term completed by the student upon their return to W&L. Any exceptions to this policy must be obtained from the Committee on Courses and Degrees.

4. Award of Credit Hours: The approval of credit hours applied to major requirements and the level at which they are applied (100, 200, etc) will be determined only by the appropriate department head or dean at W&L, as recorded on the student's Application for Credit for Non-W&L Off-Campus Study. Those credits approved as equivalent to a specific W&L course number will meet the same requirements that W&L course does. Those credits approved as non-equivalent electives may be applied to major requirements with permission of the department head but in order to meet general education requirements will require a separate petition to the Committee on Courses and Degrees.

Credit for courses taken off campus will only be transferred once an official transcript for the work completed has been received by the W&L University Registrar and approval for all courses has been given by the appropriate department(s) as noted above. Credits may be transferred only if a grade equivalent to a C (2.0) or better is received. The actual grade on an abroad course is not transferred to the student's W&L record and therefore does not affect the W&L cumulative GPA

5. Number of Credit Hours: No strict correlation exists between contact hours in courses taken abroad and credit hours awarded by W&L. W&L does not award more credit for a program than that awarded by the host institution, as determined by the host's official transcript. If the host program's transcript does not translate easily to "American" credit (e.g. quarter hours, semester credits, units) or provide a conversion scale, or if the host institution's academic calendar differs significantly from W&L's, the following can act as general principles:

a. A student pursuing a fully approved, full-time course of study abroad for a period roughly equivalent to W&L's fall or winter term will usually receive 12 credit hours from W&L upon the successful completion of all courses in this study.

b. A student pursuing a fully approved, full-time course of study abroad for a term of approximately 14 weeks or more will usually receive 15 credit hours from W&L upon the successful completion of all courses in this study.

c. A student pursuing a fully approved, full-time course of study abroad for a full academic year will usually receive 30 credit hours from W&L upon the successful completion of all courses in this study.

In the event of a discrepancy between departmentally authorized credit hours under Section 4 above and the guidance offered under a, b, and c in this section above (12, 15 or 30 credits, respectively), a student may petition the appropriate academic Dean for consideration of additional credit approval.

6. Language Study Abroad: Students studying abroad in a non-English speaking host culture will be required to study the language of that culture at an appropriate level during the period of their enrollment there. Exceptions to this requirement may be granted by the Committee on Courses and Degrees upon recommendation of the Committee on International Education. This policy is not intended to cover W&L Spring Term Abroad programs.

Students studying in a host culture whose language is taught at W&L are (omit further) strongly encouraged to undertake at least one year of study of that language prior to their abroad experience. Language study abroad must be approved in advance by the head of the relevant language department at W&L or if there is no department offering that language, such approval must be sought from the Dean of the College. Approval must be sought prior to departure; approval is not guaranteed if not obtained in advance. Students seeking pre-approval for foreign language credit will be expected to attend one of the recommended programs. Students who seek credit for foreign language study at a non-recommended program may be required to take an oral, aural, and/or written test upon their return to W&L before a determination of credit approval is made.

7. Financial Aid for Study Abroad: Most W&L financial aid may be transferred to help cover the costs of a study abroad program. The level of aid may be adjusted to reflect the actual cost of the study abroad program. Students on financial aid who wish to apply to have this aid available for study abroad MUST request the appropriate consortium agreement from the Office of Financial Aid at W&L and assume responsibility for its prompt return. Failure to do so may result in the forfeiture of financial aid for study abroad. Students on financial aid must consult with the W&L Business Office to ensure proper transfer of their financial aid funds to their study abroad program or university.  Students may not use W&L financial aid for more than the equivalent of one academic year (i.e. 30 credits) of study abroad, unless there are extenuating circumstances.

8. Special Rules for Summer Off-Campus Study: A maximum of four courses (14 credits) is allowed toward degree requirements for study away from W&L whether in the U.S. or abroad during the summer break. Of these, a maximum of two courses may be taken for general education or for cognates in the major. These may not include courses in the major subject or major group (except repeats) unless an exception is granted by the Committee on Courses and Degrees.  A maximum of two courses may be repeated. Even when a course is repeated, the old grade remains on the W&L transcript and in the GPAs. A student may not take a course which is a specific prerequisite for a course which has already been taken. Official transcripts are due to the University Registrar by December 1 of the year in which summer study is completed.

European Credit Transfer System (ECTS):
Approved establishing a permanent conversion rate for credits transferred from the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS), consistent with practice at many colleague American institutions and as recommended by the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers. Two (2) ECTS credits will be credited as one (1) W&L credit.

Deletions

Revisions

Special Examination policy revision:
Approved revising the final paragraph of the policy on special examinations (2004-05 catalogue, page 80) to read as follows:
"6.        Instructors are not free to give a special examination until they receive notification from the University Registrar's office."

Registration Changes policy revision:
The following will be added to the registration policies:
"When a class with an associated non-credit lab or tutorial has been dropped, the corequisite section may be dropped without penalty by the student within the first three weeks of the term (no signatures or fee required)."

Pass/Fail and Repeating a Course policy revision:

Revise as follows the Pass/Fail and Repeating a Course policies to allow the repetition of courses which are only offered on a Pass/Fail basis (page 81, 2004-05 catalogue).

"Except for those courses graded Pass/Fail only, no course may be repeated on a Pass/Fail basis."

Term Grade Reports:
Term grades are recorded on the permanent record at the end of each term, and a report is made electronically to each student. During the fall and winter terms, midterm grades are collected for all new students and students on academic probation. A report of midterm grades is sent to the academic adviser and, during the fall term, to parents or guardians but are not recorded on the official transcript.

Miscellaneous information:

page 59 The Bachelor of Science Degree
omission in catalog copy of bolded text below

"The degree of Bachelor of Science in conferred upon those students who have completed a course of study with emphasis (50 credits) in the fields of the natural sciences, mathematics, and computer science, and who have fulfilled the above requirements of the faculty."